Non-stationary Responses of Tree-Ring Chronologies and Glacier Mass Balance to Climate in the European Alps

References Cited

• Auer, I. and 31 others . 2007. HISTALP—Historical instrumental climatological surface time series of the Greater Alpine Region. International Journal of Climatology 27:17–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, T. P. , J. C. Adam , and D. P. Lettenmaier . 2005. Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions. Nature 438:303–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beniston, M. 2003. Climatic change in mountain regions: a review of possible impacts. Climatic Change 59:5–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beniston, M. 2007. Entering into the “greenhouse century”: recent record temperatures in Switzerland are comparable to the upper temperature quantiles in a greenhouse climate. Geophysical Research Letters 34:article L16710. doi:10.1029/2007GL030144.
   Google Scholar
• Bitz, C. M. and D. S. Battisti . 1999. Interannual to decadal variability in climate and the glacier mass balance in Washington, Western Canada, and Alaska. Journal of Climate 12:3181–3196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briffa, K. R. , T. S. Bartholin , D. Eckstein , P. D. Jones , W. Karlén , F. H. Schweingruber , and P. Zetterberg . 1990. A 1,400-year tree-ring record of summer temperatures in Fennoscandia. Nature 346:434–439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büntgen, U. , D. C. Frank , M. Schmidhalter , B. Neuwirth , M. Seifert , and J. Esper . 2006a. Growth/climate response shift in a long subalpine spruce chronology. Trees 20:99–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büntgen, U. , D. C. Frank , D. Nievergelt , and J. Esper . 2006b. Summer temperature variations in the European Alps, A.D. 755–2004. Journal of Climate 19:5606–5623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrer, M. and C. Urbinati . 2006. Long-term change in the sensitivity of tree-ring growth to climate forcing in Larix decidua. New Phytologist 170:861–872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrer, M. , P. Nola , J. L. Eduard , R. Motta , and C. Urbinati . 2007. Regional variability of climate-growth relationships in Pinus cembra high elevation forests in the Alps. Journal of Ecology 95:1072–1083.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carturan, L. and R. Seppi . 2007. Recent mass balance results and morphological evolution of Careser Glacier (Central Alps). Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria 30 (1):33–42.
   Google Scholar
• Cogley, J. G. and W. P. Adams . 1998. Mass balance of glaciers other than the ice sheets. Journal of Glaciology 44:315–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Arrigo, R. D. , R. K. Kaufmann , N. Davi , G. C. Jacoby , C. Laskowski , R. B. Myneni , and P. Cherubini . 2004. Thresholds for warming-induced growth decline at elevational tree line in the Yukon Territory, Canada. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18:article GB3021. doi:10.1029/2004GB002249.
   Google Scholar
• D'Arrigo, R. , R. Wilson , B. Liepert , and P. Cherubini . 2008. On the ‘divergence problem’ in northern forests: a review of the tree-ring evidence and possible causes. Global Planetary Change 60:289–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diolaiuti, G. , C. Smiraglia , L. Reynaud , C. D'Agata , and M. Pavan . 2002. Relation entre les bilans de masse de la Sforzellina et ceux des autres glaciers en Europe. Influence des facteurs localisation géographique et taille du glacier. La Houille Blanche 6/7:59–63.
   Google Scholar
• Dyurgerov, M. 2002. Glacier mass balance and regime. Data of measurements and analysis. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Occasional Paper 55. 268 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Dyurgerov, M. 2006. Northern hemisphere glaciers responding to climate warming by increasing their sensitivity and their contribution to sea level rise. In Knight, P. (ed.). Glacier Science and Environmental Change. Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 133–134.
   Google Scholar
• Esper, J. , E. R. Cook , and F. H. Schweingruber . 2002. Low-frequency signals in long tree-ring chronologies for reconstructing past temperature variability. Science 295:2250–2253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esper, J. , E. R. Cook , P. J. Krusic , K. Peters , and F. H. Schweingruber . 2003. Tests of the RCS method for preserving low-frequency variability in long tree-ring chronologies. Tree-Ring Research 59:81–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritts, H. C. 1976. Tree Rings and Climate. New York Academic Press. 567 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Haeberli, W. 1990. Glacier and permafrost signals of 20th-century warming. Annals of Glaciology 14:99–101.
   Google Scholar
• Haeberli, W. and M. Hoelzle . 1995. Application of inventory data for estimating characteristics of and regional climate-change effects on mountain glaciers: a pilot study with the European Alps. Annals of Glaciology 21:206–212.
   Google Scholar
• Haeberli, W. , M. Hoelzle , F. Paul , and M. Zemp . 2007. Integrated monitoring of mountain glaciers as key indicators of global climate change: the European Alps. Annals of Glaciology 46:150–160.
   Google Scholar
• Hoelzle, M. , W. Haeberli , M. Dischl , and W. Peschke . 2003. Secular mass balances derived from cumulative glacier length changes. Global and Planetary Change 36:295–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber, U. M. , H. K. M. Bugmann , and M. Reaonser . 2005. Global Change and Mountain Regions. An Overview of Current Knowledge. Advances in Global Change Research, Vol. 23. Dordrecht Springer. 650 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, L. 2000. Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:56–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, M. K. 2002. Dendrochronology in climatology—The state of the art. Dendrochronologia 20:95–116.
   Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007. Climate change 2007. In Parry, M. L. , O. F. Canziani , J. P. Palutikof , P. J. van der Linden , and C. E. Hanson . (eds.). Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press. 976 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, P. D. , M. New , D. E. Parker , S. Martin , and I. G. Rigor . 1999. Surface air temperature and its changes over the past 150 years. Review of Geophysics 37:173–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larocque, S. J. and D. J. Smith . 2005. Little Ice Age proxy glacier mass balance records reconstructed from tree rings in the Mt. Waddington area, British Columbia Coast Mountains, Canada. Holocene 15:748–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonelli, G. , M. Pelfini , and P. Cherubini . 2008. Exploring the potential of tree-ring chronologies from the Trafoi Valley (Central Italian Alps) to reconstruct glacier mass balance. Boreas 37:169–178.
   Google Scholar
• Leonelli, G. , M. Pelfini , G. Battipaglia , and P. Cherubini . 2009. Site-aspect influence on climate sensitivity over time of a high-altitude Pinus cembra tree-ring network. Climatic Change doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9574-6.
   Google Scholar
• Letréguilly, A. and L. Reynaud . 1990. Space and time distribution of glacier mass balance in the northern hemisphere. Arctic and Alpine Research 22:43–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, D. and D. Smith . 2004. Dendrochronological mass balance reconstruction, Stachona Provincial Park, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 36:598–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, G. J. , A. G. Fountain , and M. Dyurgerov . 2000. Variability in winter mass balance of northern hemisphere glaciers and relations with atmospheric circulation. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 32 (1):64–72.
   Google Scholar
• Meier, M. F. , M. B. Dyurgerov , and G. J. McCabe . 2003. The health of glaciers: recent changes in glacier regime. Climatic Change 59:123–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihalcea, C. , C. Mayer , G. Diolaiuti , A. Lambrecht , C. Smiraglia , and G. Tartari . 2006. Ice ablation and meteorological conditions on the debris covered area of Baltoro Glacier Karakoram. Annals of Glaciology 43 (1):292–300.
   Google Scholar
• Mokhov, I. I. , E. Roeckner , V. A. Semenov , and V. C. and. Khon . 2006. Possible regional changes in precipitation regimes in northern Eurasia in the 21st century. Water Resources 33 (6):702–710.
   Google Scholar
• Nakawo, M. and G. J. Young . 1982. Estimate of glacier ablation under debris layer from surface temperature and meteorological variables. Journal of Glaciology 28:29–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Snow and Ice Data Center 2007. World Glacier Inventory World Glacier Monitoring Service and National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. Boulder, Colorado, digital media (http://nsidc.org/).
   Google Scholar
• Nemec, J. , P. Huybrechts , O. Rybak , and J. Oerlemans . 2009. Reconstruction of the annual balance of Vadret da Morteratsch, Switzerland, since 1865. Annals of Glaciology 50:126–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolussi, K. 1994. Jahrringe und Massenbilanz. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 30:11–52.
   Google Scholar
• Nicolussi, K. and G. Patzelt . 1996. Reconstructing glacier history in Tyrol by means of tree-ring investigations. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 32:207–215.
   Google Scholar
• Oerlemans, J. 2001. Glaciers and Climate Change. Rotterdam A.A. Balkema Publishers. 148 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Oerlemans, J. 2005. Extracting a climate signal from 169 glacier records. Science 308:675–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oerlemans, J. , R. H. Giessen , and M. R. van den Broeke . 2009. Retreating alpine glaciers: increased melt rates due to accumulation of dust (Vadret da Morteratsch, Switzerland). Journal of Glaciology 55 (192):729–736.
   Google Scholar
• Parmesan, C. 1996. Climate change and species range. Nature 382:765–766.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul, F. , A. Kääb , M. Maisch , T. Kellenberger , and W. Haeberli . 2004. Rapid disintegration of Alpine glaciers observed with satellite data. Geophysical Research Letters 31:article L21402. doi:10.1029/2004GL020816.
   Google Scholar
• Paul, F. , H. Machguth , and A. Kääb . 2005. On the impact of glacier albedo under conditions of extreme glacier melt: the summer of 2003 in the Alps. EARSeL Workshop on Remote Sensing of Land Ice and Snow, Berne, 21–23/2/2005. EARSeL Proceedings 4 (2):139–149.
   Google Scholar
• Pelfini, M. and C. Smiraglia . 1997. Signals of 20th-century warming from the glaciers in the Central Italian Alps. Annals of Glaciology 24:350–354.
   Google Scholar
• Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran . 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th edition. Ames, Iowa Iowa State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Solomina, O. , W. Haeberli , C. Kull , and G. Wiles . 2008. Historical and Holocene glacier-climate variations: general concepts and overview. Global and Planetary Change 60:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theurillat, J-P. and A. Guisan . 2001. Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the European Alps: a review. Climatic Change 50:77–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, E. and B. H. Luckman . 2004. Tree-ring-based mass-balance estimates for the past 300 years at Peyto Glacier, Alberta, Canada. Quaternary Research 62:9–18.
   Google Scholar