Mesoclimatic Patterns Shape the Striking Vegetation Mosaic in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic

References Cited

• Ashton, P. S. , 2003: Floristic zonation of tree communities on wet tropical mountains revisited. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics , 6: 87–104.
   Google Scholar
• Benzing, D. H. , 1998: Vulnerabilities of tropical forests to climate change: the significance of resident epiphytes. Climatic Change , 39: 519–540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blume, H. , 1974: The Caribbean Islands. London: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Bruijnzeel, L. A. , 2001: Hydrology of tropical montane cloud forests: a reassessment. Land Use and Water Resources Research , 1: 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Burger, W. , 1995: Montane species-limits in Costa Rica and evidence for local speciation on altitudinal gradients. In Churchill, S. P. , Balslev, H. , Forero, E. , and Luteyn, J. L. (eds.), Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests. Bronx, New York: The New York Botanical Garden, 127–133.
   Google Scholar
• Cao, G. , Giambelluca, T. W. , Stevens, D. E. , and Schroeder, T. A. , 2007: Inversion variability in the Hawaiian trade wind regime. Journal of Climate , 20: 1145–1160.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, K. L. , Nadkarni, N. M. , Schaeffer, D. , Gholz, H. L. , 1998: Atmospheric deposition and net retention of ions by the canopy in a tropical montane forest, Monteverde, Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology , 14: 27–45.
   Google Scholar
• Duane, W.J. , Pepin, N. C. , Losleben, M. L. , and Hardy, D. R. , 2008: General characteristics of temperature and humidity variability on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research , 40: 323–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Palacios, J. M. , and de Nicolás, J. P. , 1995: Altitudinal pattern of vegetation variation on Tenerife. Journal of Vegetation Science , 6: 183–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frahm, J. P. , and Gradstein, S. R. , 1991: An altitudinal zonation of tropical rain forests using bryophytes. Journal of Biogeography , 18: 669–678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gannon, B. M. , and Martin, P. H. , 2014: Reconstructing hurricane disturbance in a tropical montane forest landscape in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic: implications for vegetation patterns and dynamics. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research , 46: 767–776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, O. , Bosart, L. , and DiMego, G. , 1978: On the nature of the winter season rainfall in the Dominican Republic. Monthly Weather Review , 106: 961–982.
   Google Scholar
• Giambelluca, T. W. , and Nullet, D. , 1991: Influence of the trade-wind inversion on the climate of a leeward mountain slope in Hawaii. Climate Research , 1: 207–216.
   Google Scholar
• Grubb, P. J. , 1974: Factors controlling the distribution of forest-types on tropical mountains: new facts and a new perspective. In Flenley, J. R. (ed.), Altitudinal Zonation in Malesia. Transactions of the 3rd Aberdeen-Hull Symposium on Malesian Ecology, Department of Geography, University of Hull, United Kingdom, 13–46.
   Google Scholar
• Grubb, P. J. , and Whitmore, T. C. , 1966: A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador: II. The climate and its effects on the distribution and physiognomy of the forests. Journal of Ecology , 54: 303–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartshorn, G. , and Peralta, R. , 1988: Preliminary description of primary forests along the La Selva-Volcan Barva altitudinal transect, Costa Rica. In Almeda, F. , and Pringle, C. M. (eds.), Tropical Rainforest: Diversity and Conservation. San Francisco: California Academy of Science, 281–295.
   Google Scholar
• Hemp, A. , 2006: Continuum or zonation? Altitudinal gradients in the forest vegetation of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Plant Ecology , 184: 27–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdridge, L. R. , 1967: Life Zone Ecology. San Jose, Costa Rica: Tropical Science Center.
   Google Scholar
• Hölscher, D. , Köhler, L. van Dijk, A. I. J. M. , and Bruijnzeel, L. A. , 2004: The importance of epiphytes to total rainfall interception by a tropical montane rain forest in Costa Rica. Journal of Hydrology , 292: 308–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoppe, J. , 1989: Los Parques Nacionales de la Republica Dominicana/The National Parks of the Dominican Republic. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editora Corripio.
   Google Scholar
• Horst, O. H. , 1992: Climate and the “encounter” in the Dominican Republic. Journal of Geography , 91: 205–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, W. D. , 1991: Photo interpretation of montane forests in the Dominican Republic. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 57: 79–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janzen, D. H. , 1967: Why mountain passes are higher in the tropics. American Naturalist , 101: 233–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juvik, J. O. , and Ekern, P. C. , 1978: A Climatology of Mountain Fog on Mauna Loa, Hawai‘i. Honolulu: Water Resource Research Center, University of Hawai‘i, Technical Report 118.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, M. , Herzog, S. K. , Fjeldså, J. , and Bach, K. , 2001: Species richness and endemism of plant and bird communities along two gradients of elevation, humidity and land use in the Bolivian Andes. Diversity and Distributions , 7: 61–77.
   Google Scholar
• Kitayama, K. , 1992: An altitudinal transect study of the vegetation of Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Vegetatio , 102: 149–171.
   Google Scholar
• Kitayama, K. , 1995: Biophysical conditions of the montane cloud forests of Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. In Hamilton, L. S. , Juvik, J. O. , and Scatena, F. N. (eds.), Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. New York: Springer-Verlag, Ecological Studies Vol. 110, 115–125.
   Google Scholar
• Kitayama, K. , and Mueller-Dombois, D. , 1994: An altitudinal transect analysis of the windward vegetation on Haleakala, a Hawaiian island mountain: (2) vegetation zonation. Phytocoenologia , 24: 135–154.
   Google Scholar
• Laurance, W. F. , Useche, D. C. , Shoo, L. P. , and 50 others, 2011: Global warming, elevational ranges and the vulnerability of tropical biota. Biological Conservation 144: 548–557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman, D. , Lieberman, M. , Peralta, R. , and Hartshorn, G. S. , 1996: Tropical forest structure and composition on a large-scale altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology , 84: 137–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovett, J. C. , 1998: Continuous change in Tanzanian moist forest tree communities with elevation. Journal of Tropical Ecology , 14: 719–722.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, P. H. , and Fahey, T. J. , 2006: Fire history along environmental gradients in the subtropical pine forests of the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. Journal of Tropical Ecology , 22: 289–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, P. H. , Fahey, T. J. , and Sherman, R. E. , 2011: Vegetation zonation in a neotropical montane forest: environment, disturbance and ecotones. Biotropica , 43: 533–543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, P. H. , Sherman, R. E. , and Fahey, T. J. , 2007: Tropical montane forest ecotones: climate gradients, natural disturbance, and vegetation zonation in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. Journal of Biogeography , 34: 1792–1806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi, Y. , Tabuchi, H. , and Hasegawa, H. , 1987: Physical factors controlling the formation of patterned ground on Haleakala, Maui. Geografiska Annaler , 69: 329–342.
   Google Scholar
• Ohsawa, M. , 1995: The montane cloud forest and its gradational changes in Southeast Asia. In Hamilton, L. S. , Juvik, J. O. , and Scatena F. N. (eds.), Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. New York: Springer-Verlag, Ecological Studies, Vol. 110, 254–265.
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen, A. , 1953: Frost damage in the pine forest. Caribbean Forester , 14: 93–96.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, P. W. , 1952: The Tropical Rain Forest. London: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, P. W. , 1996: The Tropical Rain Forest: An Ecological Study. 2nd edition. London: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Riehl, H. , 1979: Climate and Weather in the Tropics. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sakai, A. , and Larcher, W. , 1987: Frost Survival of Plants. Responses and Adaptation to Freezing Stress. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Sarmiento, G. , 1986: Ecological factors of climate in high tropical mountains. In Vuilleumier, E. , and Monasterio, T. (eds.), High Altitude Tropical Biogeography. Washington, DC: Oxford University Press and American Museum of Natural History, 11–45.
   Google Scholar
• Schubert, W. H. , Ciesielski, P. E. , Lu, C. , and Johnson, R. H. , 1995: Dynamical adjustment of the trade wind inversion layer. American Meteorological Society , 52: 2941–2952.
   Google Scholar
• Sherman, R. E. , Martin, P. H. , and Fahey, T. J. , 2005: Vegetation-environment relationships in forest ecosystems of the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society , 132: 293–310.
   Google Scholar
• Sherman, R. E. , Martin, P. H. , Fahey, T. J. , and DeGloria, S. D. 2008: Fire and vegetation dynamics in high-elevation Neotropical montane forests in the Dominican Republic. Ambio , 37: 535–541.
   Google Scholar
• Shipley, B. , and Keddy, P. A. , 1987: The individualistic and community-unit concepts as falsifiable hypotheses. Vegetatio , 69: 47–55.
   Google Scholar
• Small, R. J. O. , de Szoeke, S. P. , and Xie, S.-P. , 2007: The Central American midsummer drought: regional aspects and large-scale forcing. Journal of Climate , 20: 4853–4873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbauer, M. J. , Otto, R. , Naranjo-Cigala, A. , Beierkuhnlein, C. , Fernández-Palacios, J. M. , 2012: Increase of island endemism with altitude—speciation processes on oceanic islands. Ecography , 34: 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Troll, C. , 1968: The cordilleras of the tropical Americas: aspects of climatic, phytogeographical and agrarian ecology. In Troll, C. (ed.), Geo-ecology of the mountainous region of the tropical Americas. Bonn, Germany: Colloquium Geographicum, 15–55.
   Google Scholar
• Vázquez, J. A. , and Givnish, T. J. , 1998: Altitudinal gradients in tropical forest composition, structure, and diversity in the Sierra de Manantlán. Journal of Ecology , 86: 999–1020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woldu, Z. , Feoli, E. , and Nigatu, L. , 1989: Partitioning an elevation gradient of vegetation from southeastern Ethiopia by probabilistic methods. Vegetatio , 81: 189–198.
   Google Scholar
• Veneklaas, E. J. , Zagt, E. L. , Van Leerdam, A. , Van Ek, R. , Broekhoven, A. J. , Van Genderen, M. , 1990: Hydrological properties of epiphyte mass of a montane tropical rain forest. Vegetatio , 89: 183–192.
   Google Scholar