Bone histology and microanatomy of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the maastrichtian of Big Bend National Park, Texas

LITERATURE CITED

• Bybee , P. J. , Lee , A. H. and Lamm , E. 2006 . Sizing the Jurassic theropod dinosaur Allosaurus: assessing growth strategy and evolution of ontogenetic scaling of limbs. . Journal of Morphology , 267 : 347 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter , K. and Tidwell , V. 2005 . “ Reassessment of the Early Cretaceous sauropod Astrodon johnsoni Leidy 1865 (Titanosauriformes); ” . In Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs Edited by: Tidwell , V. and Carpenter , K. 78 – 114 . Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Castanet , J. , Rogers , K. C. , Cubo , J. and Boisard , J.-J. 2000 . Periosteal bone growth rates in extant ratites (ostriche and emu). Implications for assessing growth in dinosaurs. . Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie , 323 : 543 – 550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinsamy-Turan , A. 2005 . The Microstructure of Dinosaur Bone: Deciphering Biology with Fine-Scale Techniques Baltimore : TheJohns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chinsamy , A. and Raath , M. A. 1992 . Preparation of fossil bone for histological examination. . Palaeontologia Africana , 29 : 39 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Claessens , L. P.A. M. 2004 . Archosaurian respiration and the pelvic girdle aspiration breathing of crocodyliforms. . Proceedings of the Royal Society B , 271 : 1461 – 1465 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cormack , D. 1987 . Ham's Histology 732 New York : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Coulson , A. B. 1998 . 103 Sedimentology and taphonomy of a juvenile Alamosaurus site in the Javelina Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Big Bend National Park, Texas. Master of Science thesis/dissertation, Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock
   Google Scholar
• Curry , K. A. 1999 . Ontogenetic histology of Apatosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda): new insights on growth rates and longevity. . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 19 : 654 – 665 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry Rogers , K. 2005 . “ Titanosauria; ” . In The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology Edited by: Rogers , K. A. C. and Wilson , J. A. 50 – 103 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dalla Vecchia , F. M. 2005 . “ Between Gondwana and Laurasia: Cretaceous sauropods in an intraoceanic carbonate platform; ” . In Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs Edited by: Tidwell , V. and Carpenter , K. 395 – 429 . Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dangermond , J. 2001 . ArcGIS 8.1 Redlands, California : ESRI .
   Google Scholar
• Frylestam , B. and von Schantz , T. 1977 . Age determination of European hares based on periosteal growth lines. . Mammal Review , 7 : 151 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore , C. W. 1932 . On a newly mounted skeleton of Diplodocus in the United States National Museum. . Proceedings of the National Museum , 81 : 1 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilmore , C. W. 1936 . Osteology of Apatosaurus, with special reference to specimens in the Carnegie Museum. . Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum , 11 : 298
   Google Scholar
• Gilmore , C. W. 1946 . Reptilian fauna of the North Horn Formation of central Utah. . Geological Survey Professional Paper , 210-C : 29 – 51 . (plus 10 plates)
   Google Scholar
• Gomani , E. M. , Jacobs , L. L. and Winkler , D. A. 1999 . Edited by: Tomida , Y. , Rich , T. H. and Vickers-Rich , P. 223 – 233 . Comparison of the African titanosaurian Malawisaurus, with a North American Early Cretaceous sauropod; pp. Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium. National Science Museum Monographs, no. 15, Tokyo
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , M. B. and Horner , J. R. 2004 . Cranial histology of pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia: Marginocephalia) reveals transitory structures inconsistent with head-butting behavior. . Paleobiology , 30 : 253 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janensch , W. 1950 . Die Wirbelsaule von Brachiosaurus brancai . Palaeontographica Supplement , 7 : 27 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , N. and Sander , P. M. 2006 . An unusual bone histology and growth pattern in Ampelosaurus atacis, a titanosaurid sauropod from south France. . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 26 ( Supplement 3 ) : 85A
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , N. and Sander , P. M. 2008 . Ontogenetic stages in the long bone histology of sauropod dinosaurs. . Paleobiology , 34 : 248 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klevezal , G. A. 1996 . Recording Structures of Mammals: Determination of Age and Reconstruction of Life History 274 Brookfield : A. A. Balkema Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Lawson , D. A. 1972 . 182 Paleoecology of the Tornillo Formation, Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas. Master of Arts thesis/ dissertation, University of Texas, Austin
   Google Scholar
• Lehman , T. M. 1985 . 299 Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and paleontology of Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) sedimentary rocks in Trans-Pecos Texas. Doctor of Philosophy thesis/dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin
   Google Scholar
• Lehman , T. M. 1991 . Sedimentation and tectonism in the Laramide Tornillo Basin of west Texas. . Sedimentary Geology , 75 : 9 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehman , T. M. and Coulson , A. B. 2002 . A juvenile specimen of the sauropod dinosaur Alamosaurus sanjuanensis from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas. . Journal of Paleontology , 76 : 156 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehman , T. M. , McDowell , F. W. and Connelly , J. N. 2006 . First isotopic (U-Pb) age for the Late Cretaceous Alamosaurus vertebrate fauna of west Texas, and its significance as a link between two faunal provinces
   Google Scholar
• Loeuff , J. L. 2005 . “ Osteology of Ampelosaurus atacis (Titanosauria) from Southern France; ” . In Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs Edited by: Tidwell , V. and Carpenter , K. 115 – 137 . Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lovelace , D. , Wahl , W. R. and Hartman , S. A. 2003 . Evidence for costal pneumaticity in a diplodocid dinosaur (Supersaurus vivianae). . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 23 ( Supplement 3 ) : 73A
   Google Scholar
• Lucas , S. G. and Hunt , A. P. 1989 . Alamosaurus and the sauropod hiatus in the Cretaceous of the North American Western Interior. . Geological Society of America Special Paper , 238 : 75 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Margerie , E. d. 2002 . Laminar bone as an adaptation to torsional loads in flapping flight. . Journal of Anatomy , 201 : 521 – 526 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohabey , D. M. 2005 . “ Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) nests, eggs, and dung mass (coprolites) of sauropods (titanosaurs) from India; ” . In Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs Edited by: Tidwell , V. and Carpenter , K. 466 – 489 . Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Molnar , R. E. and Salisbury , S. W. 2005 . “ Observations on Cretaceous sauropods from Australia; ” . In Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs Edited by: Tidwell , V. and Carpenter , K. 454 – 465 . Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nopcsa , F. B. and Heidsieck , E. 1933 . On the histology of the ribs in immature and half-grown trachodont dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 221–226:
   Google Scholar
• O'Connor , P. M. and Claessens , L. P.A. M. 2005 . Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs. . Nature , 436 : 253 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padian , K. and Horner , J. R. 2004 . “ Dinosaur physiology; ” . In The Dinosauria, , 2nd Edition Edited by: Weishampel , D. B. , Dodson , P. and Osmólska , H. 660 – 671 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Padian , K. , Ricqlès , A. J.d. and Horner , J. R. 1994 . Bone histology determines identification of a new fossil taxon of pterosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria). C.R. . Academie des Sciences , 320 : 77 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Paladino , F. V. , Spotila , J. R. and Dodson , P. 1997 . “ A blueprint for giants: Modeling the physiology of large dinosaurs; ” . In The Complete Dinosaur Edited by: Farlow , J. O. and Brett-Surman , M. K. 491 – 504 . Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ponton , F. , Elzanowski , A. , Castanet , J. , Chinsamy , A. , Margerie , E. d. , Ricqlès , A. d. and Cubo , J. 2004 . Variation of the outer circumferential layer in the limb bones of birds. . Acta Ornithologica , 39 : 21 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , J. E. 1986 . 493 Revision de los Titanosauridos de America del Sur. Doctor of Philosophy thesis/dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Brazil
   Google Scholar
• Ricqlès , A. d. 1983 . Cyclical growth in the long limb bones of a sauropod dinosaur. . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica , 28 : 225 – 232 .
   Google Scholar
• Riggs , E. S. 1904 . Structure and relationships of the opisthocoelian dinosaurs. Part II: The Brachiosauridae. . Field Columbian Museum Publication of Geology , 2 : 229 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• Rimblot-Baly , F. , Ricqlès , A. d. and Zylberberg . 1995 . Analyse paléohistologique d'une série de croissance partielle chez Lapparentosaurus madagascariensis (Jurassique Moyen): Essai sur la dynamique de croissance d'un dinosare sauropode. . Annales de Paléontologie , 81 : 49 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Salgado , L. and Coria , R. A. 2005 . “ Sauropods of Patagonia: systematic update and notes on global sauropod evolution; ” . In Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs Edited by: Tidwell , V. and Carpenter , K. 430 – 453 . Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sander , P. M. 2000 . Longbone histology of the Tendaguru sauropods: implications for growth and biology. . Paleobiology , 26 : 466 – 488 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander , P. M. and Tü ckmantel , C. 2003 . Bone lamina thickness, bone apposition rates, and age estimates in sauropod humeri and femora. . Palaontologische Zeitschrift , 77 : 161 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Sander , P. M. and Andrássy , P. 2006 . Lines of arrested growth and long bone histology in Pleistocene large mammals from Germany: What do they tell us about dinosaur physiology? . Palaeontographica A , 277 : 143 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Sander , P. M. , Klein , N. , Buffetaut , E. , Cuny , G. , Suteethorn , V. and Le Loeuff , J. 2004 . Adaptive radiation in sauropod dinosaurs: bone histology indicates rapid evolution of giant body size through acceleration. Organisms . Diversity & Evolution , 4 : 165 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz , J. L. , Powell , J. , Le Loeuff , J. , Martinez , R. and Suberbiola , X. P. 1999 . Sauropod remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Lano (north-central Spain), titanosaur phylogenetic relationships. . Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava , 14 : 289 – 294 .
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan , R. M. and Lucas , S. G. 2000 . Alamosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the late Campanian of New Mexico and its significance. . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 20 : 400 – 403 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tidwell , V. and Wilhite , D. R. 2005 . “ Ontogenetic variation and isometric growth in the forelimb of the Early Cretaceous sauropod Venenosaurus; ” . In Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs Edited by: Tidwell , V. and Carpenter , K. 187 – 195 . Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Turvey , S. T. , Green , O. R. and Holdaway , R. 2005 . Cortical growth marls reveal extended juvenile development in New Zealand moa. . Nature , 435 : 940 – 943 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upchurch , P. , Barrett , P. M. and Dodson , P. 2004 . “ Sauropoda; ” . In The Dinosauria, , 2nd Edition Edited by: Weishampel , D. B. , Dodson , P. and Osmólska , H. 259 – 322 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wedel , M. 2005 . “ Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates; ” . In The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology Edited by: Rogers , K. A. C. and Wilson , J. A. 201 – 228 . London : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wedel , M. 2007 . What pneumaticity tells us about ‘prosauropods’, and vice versa. . Special Papers in Paleontology , 77 : 207 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Wedel , M. J. 2003a . The evolution of vertebral pneumaticity in sauropod dinosaurs. . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 23 : 344 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedel , M. J. 2003b . Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs. . Paleobiology , 29 : 243 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedel , M. J. , Cifelli , R. L. and Sanders , R. K. 2000 . Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauropseidon . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica , 45 : 343 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , J. A. and Sereno , P. C. 1998 . Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. . Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir , 5 : 1 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , J. A. and Carrano , M. T. 1999 . Titanosaurs and the origin of “wide-gauge” trackways: a biomechanical and systematic perspective on sauropod locomotion. . Paleobiology , 25 : 252 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward , H. N. 2005 . 235 Bone histology of the sauropod dinosaur Alamosaurus sanjuanensis from the Javelina Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas. Master of Science thesis/dissertation, Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock
   Google Scholar