Large brachythoracid arthrodires (placoderm fishes) from the early Devonian of Wee Jasper, New South Wales, Australia, with a discussion of basal brachythoracid characters

LITERATURE CITED

• Asmuss , H. 1856 . Die vollkommenste Hautskelet der bisher bekannten Thierreihe. An fossilen Fischen des Alten Roten Sandsteins aufgefunden und aus ihren Resten erläutert 39 Dorpat : Abhandlungen Erlang. Magisterwürde .
   Google Scholar
• Basden , A. 2001 . Early Devonian fish faunas of eastern Australia: documentation and correlation 349 Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Macquarie University
   Google Scholar
• Basden , A. , Young , G. C. , Coates , M. and Ritchie , A. 2000a . The most primitive actinopterygian braincase? . Nature , 403 : 152 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basden , A. , Burrow , C. J. , Hocking , M. , Parkes , R. and Young , G. C. 2000b . “ Siluro-Devonian microvertebrates from south-eastern Australia; ” . In IGCP 328, Final Report. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 223 Edited by: Blieck , A. and Turner , S. 201 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Browne , I. A. 1959 . Stratigraphy and structure of the Devonian rocks of the Taemas and Cavan areas, Murrumbidgee River, south of Yass, N.S.W . Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales , 92 : 115 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Bystrow , A. P. 1957 . The microstructure of dermal bones in arthrodires . Acta Zoologica , 38 : 239 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , K. S. W. and Barwick , R. E. 1983 . Early evolution of dipnoan dentitions and a new genus Speonesydrion . Memoirs of the Australasian Association of Palaeontologists , 1 : 17 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , K. S. W. and Barwick , R. E. 1984 . Speonesydrion, an Early Devonian dipnoan with primitive toothplates . Palaeoichthyologica , 2 : 1 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , K. S. W. and Barwick , R. E. 1985 . An advanced massive dipnorhynchid lungfish from the Early Devonian of New South Wales, Australia . Records of the Australian Museum , 37 : 301 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , K. S. W. and Barwick , R. E. 1999 . A new species of the Devonian lungfish Dipnorhynchus from Wee Jasper, New South Wales . Records of the Australian Museum , 51 : 123 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , K. S. W. and Barwick , R. E. 2000 . The braincase, mandible and dental structures of the Early Devonian lungfish Dipnorhynchus kurikae from Wee Jasper, New South Wales . Records of the Australian Museum , 52 : 103 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Carr , R. K. 1991 . Reanalysis of Heintzichthys gouldii (Newberry), an aspinothoracid arthrodire (Placodermi) from the Famennian of northern Ohio, with a review of brachythoracid systematics . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 103 : 349 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr , R. K. 1995 . “ Placoderm diversity and evolution; ” . In Studies on Early Vertebrates (7^th International Symposium on Lower Vertebrates, Miguasha, Quebec). Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Section C, 17 Edited by: Arsenault , M. , Lelievre , H. and Janvier , P. 85 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , F. 1916 . On the generic position of ‘Asterolepis ornata var. australis’ McCoy, with description of a new variety . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria , 28 : 211 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• De Pomeroy , A. M. 1995 . Australian Devonian fish biostratigraphy in relation to conodont zonation . Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg , 182 : 475 – 486 .
   Google Scholar
• Denison , R. H. 1978 . “ Placodermi. Handbook of Paleoichthyology ” . In Gustav Fischer Verlag Edited by: Schultze , H.-P . Vol. 2 , 128 Stuttgart, New York
   Google Scholar
• Dennis , K. D. and Miles , R. S. 1979 . Eubrachythoracid arthrodires with tubular rostral plates from Gogo, Western Australia . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 67 : 297 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etheridge , R. 1906 . The cranial buckler of a dipnoan fish, probably Ganorhynchus, from the Devonian beds of the Murrumbidgee River, New South Wales . Records of the Australian Museum , 6 : 129 – 132 .
   Google Scholar
• Findlay , C. S. 1996 . Placoderm (Pisces: Placodermi) remains from Lower Devonian rocks at Taemas, New South Wales . Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales , 116 : 161 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Gardiner , B. G. and Miles , R. S. 1990 . A new genus of eubrachythoracid arthrodire from Gogo, Western Australia . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 99 : 159 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garratt , M. J. and Wright , A. J. 1989 . “ Late Silurian to Early Devonian biostratigraphy of southeastern Australia ” . In Devonian of the World. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Memoir Edited by: McMillan , N. J. , Embry , A. F. and Glass , D. J. Vol. 14 , 647 – 662 .
   Google Scholar
• Goujet , D. 1984 . Les poissons placodermes du Spitsberg. Cahiers de Paléontologie, Section Vertébrés 284 Paris : CNRS .
   Google Scholar
• Gross , W. 1960 . Tityosteus n. gen. ein Reisenarthrodire aus dem rheinischen Unterdevon . Paläontologische Zeitschrift , 34 : 263 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Heintz , A. 1930 . Eine neue Rekonstruktion von Heterostius Asm . Sitzungsberichten der Naturforscher-Gesellschaft bei der Universität Tartu (Dorpat) , 36 : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Heintz , A. 1932 . The structure of Dinichthys: a contribution to our knowledge of the Arthrodira . Bashford Dean Memorial Volume-Archaic Fishes , 4 : 115 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Heintz , A. 1934 . Revision of the Estonian Arthrodira. Part I. Family Homostiidae Jaekel. Archiv für die Naturkunde Estlands. I Serie: Geologica . Chemica et Physica , 10 : 180 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Hills , E. S. 1936 . On certain endocranial structures in Coccosteus . Geological Magazine , 73 : 213 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• Hills , E. S. 1941 . The cranial roof of Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi (Eth. fil.) . Records of the Australian Museum , 21 : 41 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Jaekel , O. 1903 . Ueber Placodermen aus dem Devon. Berliner Deutsche Geologische Zeitschrift 55
   Google Scholar
• Janvier , P. 1996 . Early Vertebrates 393 Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , P. A. 1993 . Lower Devonian Pelecypoda from southeastern Australia. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists . Memoir , 14 : 1 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Lehman , J. P. 1976 . Nouveaux Poissons fossiles du Dévonien du Maroc . Annales de Paléontologie , 62 : 1 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Lelièvre , H. 1984a . Atlantidosteus hollardi n.g., n.sp., nouveau Brachythoraci (vertébrés, placodermes) du Dévonien inférieur du Maroc présaharien. Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle . Paris , 6 : 197 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Lelièvre , H. 1984b . Antineosteus lehmani n.g., n.sp., nouveau Brachythoraci du Dévonien inférieur du Maroc présaharien. Remarques sur la paléobiogéographie des homostéides de l'Emsien . Annales de Paléontologie , 70 : 115 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• Lelièvre , H. 1988 . Nouveau matériel d'Antineosteus lehmani Lelièvre, 1984 (Placodermi, Brachythoraci) et d'Acanthodiens du Dévonien inférieur (Emsien) d'Algérie. Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle . Paris , 10 : 287 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Lelièvre , H. 1995 . Description of Maideria falipoui n.g., n. sp., a long snouted brachythoracid (Vertebrata, Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Givetian of Maider (South Morocco), with a phylogenetic analysis of primitive brachythoracids. Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle . Paris , 17 : 163 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Lelièvre , H. , Feist , R. , Goujet , D. and Blieck , A. 1987 . Les vertébrés Dévonien de la Montagne Noire (Sud de la France) et leur apport a la phylogenie de Pachyosteomorphes (Placodermes, Arthrodires) . Palaeovertebrata , 17 : 1 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Lelièvre , H. , Goujet , D. and Henn , A. 1990 . Un nouveau spécimen d'Holonema radiatum (Placodermi, Arthrodira) du Dévonien moyen de la région d'Oviedo, Espagne. Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle . Paris , 12 : 53 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Lelièvre , H. , Janjou , D. , Halawani , M. , Janvier , P. , Al. Muallem , M. S. , Wynns , R. and Robelin , C. 1994 . Nouveaux vertébrés (placodermes, acanthodiens, chondrichthyens et sarcopterygiens) de la formation de Jauf (Dévonien inférieur, région de Al Huj, Arabie Saoudite). Compte Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences . Paris (2) , 319 : 1247 – 1254 .
   Google Scholar
• Lelièvre , H. , Janvier , P. and Goujet , D. 1981 . Les vertébrés Dévonien de l'Iran central: IV, arthrodires et ptyctodontes . Géobios , 14 : 677 – 709 .
   Google Scholar
• Lindley , I. D. 2000 . Acanthodian fish remains from the Lower Devonian Cavan Bluff Limestone (Murrumbidgee Group), Taemas district, New South Wales . Alcheringa , 24 : 11 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindley , I. D. 2002a . Lower Devonian ischnacanthid fish (Gnathostomata: Acanthodii) from the Taemas Limestone, Lake Burrinjuck, New South Wales . Alcheringa , 25 : 269 – 291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindley , I. D. 2002b . Acanthodian, onychodontid and osteolepidid fish from the middle-upper Taemas Limestone (Early Devonian), Lake Burrinjuck, New South Wales . Alcheringa , 26 : 103 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , J. A. 1984a . “ A plethora of placoderms: the first vertebrates with jaws? ” . In Vertebrate Zoogeography and Evolution in Australasia Edited by: Archer , M. and Clayton , G. 185 – 210 . Carlisle : Hesperian Press .
   Google Scholar
• Long , J. A. 1984b . New placcoderm fishes from the Early Devonian Buchan Group, eastern Victoria . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria , 96 : 173 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Long , J. A. 1986 . New ischnacanthid acanthodians from the Early Devonian of Australia, with a discussion of acanthodian interrelationships . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 87 : 321 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , J. A. 1988 . A new camuropiscid arthrodire (Pisces: Placodermi) from Gogo, Western Australia . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 94 : 233 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , J. A. 1995a . A new plourdosteid arthrodire from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia . Palaeontology , 38 : 39 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , J. A. 1995b . The Rise of Fishes. 500 million Years of Evolution 223 Sydney : University of New South Wales Press .
   Google Scholar
• Long , J. A. and Young , G. C. 1988 . Acanthothoracid remains from the Early Devonian of New South Wales, including a complete sclerotic capsule and pelvic girdle . Memoirs of the Australasian Association of Palaeontologists , 7 : 65 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Mark , E. 1963 . On the spinal plate of the Middle Devonian arthrodire Homostius. Transactions of the Institute of Geology . Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR , 13 : 189 – 200 . [Russian, English summary]
   Google Scholar
• Mark-Kurik , E. 1973 . Actinolepis (Arthrodira) from the Middle Devonian of Estonia . Palaeontographica , 143A : 89 – 108 .
   Google Scholar
• Mark-Kurik , E. 1991 . Contribution to the correlation of the Emsian (Lower Devonian) on the basis of placoderm fishes . Newsletters on Stratigraphy , 25 : 11 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mark-Kurik , E. 1992 . The inferognathal in the Middle Devonian arthrodire Homostius . Lethaia , 25 : 173 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mark-Kurik , E. 1993 . Remarks on the trunk-shield structure in Homostius (Placodermi). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences . Geology , 42 : 176 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Mark-Kurik , E. and Young , G. C. 2003 . A new buchanosteid arthrodire (placoderm fish) from the Early Devonian of the Ural Mountains . Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology , 23 : 13 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy , F. 1876 . Asterolepis ornata (Eichwald) var. australis (McCoy). Geological Survey of Victoria . Prodromus of the Palaeontology of Victoria , 4 : 19 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , R. S. and Dennis , K. 1979 . A primitive eubrachythoracid arthrodire from Gogo, Western Australia . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 66 : 31 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles , R. S. and Westoll , T. S. 1968 . The placoderm fish Coccosteus cuspidatus Miller ex Agassiz from the Middle Old Red Sandstone of Scotland. Part I. Descriptive morphology . Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh , 67 : 373 – 476 .
   Google Scholar
• Obruchev , D. V. 1927 . Angarichthys, neue Arthrodiren-Gattung aus dem Devon des Flusses Bachta (Sibirien). Bulletin du Comité géologique . Leningrad , 45 : 679 – 691 .
   Google Scholar
• Ørvig , T. 1969 . Vertebrates from the Wood Bay Group and the position of the Emsian-Eifelian boundary in the Devonian of Vestspitsbergen . Lethaia , 2 : 273 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ørvig , T. 1971 . Comments on the lateral line system of some brachythoracid and ptyctodontid arthrodires . Zoologica Scripta , 1 : 5 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto , M. 1992 . Ein Neufund des brachythoracen Arthrodiren Tityosteus rieversi aus dem unterdevonischen Hunsrückschiefer des rheinischen Schiefergebirges . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen , 187 : 53 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Stensiö , E. A. 1945 . On the heads of certain arthrodires. 2. On the cranium and cervical joint of the Dolichothoraci . Kungliga Svenska Venenskapsakademiens Handlingar (3) , 22 : 1 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , K. S. and Campbell , K. S. W. 1971 . The structure and relationships of the primitive Devonian lungfish—Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi (Etheridge) . Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History , 38 : 1 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Vickers-Rich , P. V. and Rich , T. H. 1993 . Wildlife of Gondwana 276 Sydney : Reed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , J. Q. and Wang , S. T. 1983 . A new genus of Coccosteidae . Vertebrata Pal Asiatica , 21 : 1 – 8 . [Chinese, English summary]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , E. I. 1952 . Australian arthrodires . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology) , 1 : 249 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• White , E. I. 1978 . The larger arthrodiran fishes from the area of the Burrinjuck Dam, N.S.W . Transactions of the Zoological Society of London , 34 : 149 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• White , E. I. and Moy-Thomas , J. A. 1940 . Notes on the nomenclature of fossil fishes—Part II. Homonyms D-L . The Annals and Magazine of Natural History , 31 : 98 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• White , E. I. and Toombs , H. A. 1972 . The buchanosteid arthrodires of Australia . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology) , 22 : 379 – 419 .
   Google Scholar
• Woodward , A. S. 1941 . The headshield of a new macropetalichthyid fish (Notopetalichthys hillsi, gen. et sp. nov.) from the Middle Devonian of Australia . Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 , 8 : 91 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. 1969 . The geology of the Burrinjuck-Wee Jasper area, New South Wales Unpublished B.S. thesis, ANU Canberra
   Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. 1978 . A new Early Devonian petalichthyid fish from the Taemas/Wee Jasper region of New South Wales . Alcheringa , 2 : 103 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. 1979 . New information on the structure and relationships of Buchanosteus (Placodermi, Euarthrodira) from the Early Devonian of New South Wales . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 66 : 309 – 352 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. 1980 . A new Early Devonian placoderm from New South Wales, Australia, with a discussion of placoderm phylogeny. Palaeontographica 167 A 10 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. 1981 . New Early Devonian brachythoracids (placoderm fishes) from the Taemas-Wee Jasper region of New South Wales . Alcheringa , 5 : 247 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. 1985 . Further petalichthyid remains (placoderm fishes, Early Devonian) from the Taemas-Wee Jasper region, New South Wales . BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics , 9 : 121 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. 1986 . The relationships of placcoderm fishes . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 88 : 1 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. 1993 . “ Middle Palaeozoic macro vertebrate biostratigraphy of Eastern Gondwana; ” . In Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and Biogeography Edited by: Long , J. A. 208 – 251 . London : Belhaven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. 1996 . “ Devonian (chart 4); ” . In An Australian Phanerozoic Timescale Edited by: Young , G. C. and Laurie , J. R. 96 – 109 . Melbourne : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. and Goujet , D. 2003 . Devonian fish remains from the Dulcie Sandstone and Cravens Peak Beds, Georgina Basin, central Australia . Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement , 65 : 1 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. , Lelièvre , H. and Goujet , D. 2001 . Primitive jaw structure in an articulated brachythoracid arthrodire (placoderm fish; Early Devonian) from southeastern Australia . Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology , 21 : 670 – 678 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , G. C. , Long , J. A. and Turner , S. 1993 . “ Faunal lists of Eastern Gondwana Devonian macrovertebrate assemblages; ” . In Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and Biogeography Edited by: Long , J. A. 246 – 251 . London : Belhaven Press .
   Google Scholar