Interleukin-6 and procalcitonin in serum of children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

References

• Tarnok A, Hambsch J, Emmrich F, Sack U, Van Son J, Bellinghausen W, Borte M, Schneider P. Complement activation, cytokines, and adhesion molecules in children undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopul-monary bypass. Pediatr Cardiol 1999; 20: 113–25.
   Google Scholar
• Seghaye MC, Grabitz RG, Duchateau J, Busse S, Daebritz S, Koch D, Alzen G, Hörnchen H, Messmer B, Bernutz G. Inflammatory reaction and capillary leak syndrome related to cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates undergoing cardiac operations. J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 112: 687–97.
   Google Scholar
• Westaby S. Organ dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass: a systemic inflammatory reaction induced by the extracor-poral circuit. Int Care Med 1987; 13: 89–95.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson LW, Baek L, Degn H, Lehd J, Krasnik M, Rasmussen JP Presence of circulating endotoxins during car-diac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987; 93: 115–9.
   Google Scholar
• Booker PD, Romer H, Franks R. Gut mucosal perfusion in neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth 1996; 77: 597–602.
   Google Scholar
• Hennein HA, Ebba H, Rodriguez JL, Merrick SH, Keith FM, Bronstein MH, Leung JM, Mangano DT, Greenfield LJ, Rankin JS. Relationship of the proinflam-matory cytokines to myocardial ischemia and dysfunction after uncomplicated coronary revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 108: 626–35.
   Google Scholar
• Butler J, Rocker GM, Westaby S. Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55: 552–9.
   Google Scholar
• Antonelli M, Testa G, Tritapepe L, D’Errico RR, Costa D, Giovanelli L, Riccione L, Garparetto A, Catena G. IL-8, IL-6 and ICAM-1 in serum of pediatric patients undergo-ing cardiopulmonary bypass with and without cardiocircu-latory arrest. J Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 40: 803–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kawamura T, Wakusawa R, Okada K, Inada S. Elevation of cytokines during open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: participation of interleukin 8 and 6 in reperfusion injury. Can J Anaesth 1993; 40: 1016–21.
   Google Scholar
• Hauser GJ, Ben-An J, Colvin MP, Dalton HJ, Hertzog JH, Bearb M, Hopkins RA, Walker SM. Interleukin-6 levels in serum and lung lavage fluid of children undergoing open heart surgery correlate with postoperative morbidity. Inten-sive Care Med 1998; 24: 481–6.
   Google Scholar
• Baigre RJ, Lamont PM, Kwiatkowski D, Dallman MJ, Morris PJ. Systemic cytokine response after major surgery. Br J Surg 1992; 79: 757–60.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta M, Johann-Liang R, Sison CP, Quaegebeur J, Friedman DM. Relation of early pleural effusion after pedi-atric open heart surgery to cardiopulmonary bypass time and systemic inflammation as measured by serum inter-leukin-6. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 1220–3.
   Google Scholar
• Hövels-Giirich HH, Schumacher K, Vazquez-Jimenez JF, Ma Qing M, Hiiffmeier U, Buding B, Messmer BJ, Bernuth G, Seghaye MC. Cytokine balance in infants undergoing cardiac operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73: 601–9.
   Google Scholar
• Petitjean S, Assicot M. Etude de l’immunoreactivité calcitonine-like au cours de proc, essus infectieux. Diplome d’etudes appro-fondies de biothechnologie, Université Paris V, 1992-1193.
   Google Scholar
• Le Moullec JM, Julienne A, Chenais J, Lalmoles F, Guliana JM, Milhaud G, Moukthtar MS. The complete sequence of human preprocalcitonin. FEBS 1984; 167: 93–7.
   Google Scholar
• Dandona P, Nix D, Wilson MF, Aljada A, Love J, Assicot M, Bohuon C. Procalcitonin increase after endotoxin injection in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 1605–8.
   Google Scholar
• Höffler D. Procalcitonin and bacterial infections. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1998; 123: 304 [in German].
   Google Scholar
• Engelmann L, Gundelach K, Pilz U, Werner M. Procalci-tonin (PCT) and its relationship to endotoxin (ETX) in sepsis. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22: 333.
   Google Scholar
• Carsin H, Assicot M, Feger F, Roy 0, Pennacino I, Le Bever H, Ainaud P, Bohuon C. Evolution and significance of circulating procalcitonin levels compared with IL-6, TNF a and endotoxin levels early after thermal injury. Burns 1997; 23: 218–24.
   Google Scholar
• Meisner M, Tschaikowsky K, Hutzler A, Schick C, Schuttler J. Postoperative plasma concentrations after dif-ferent types of surgery. Intensive Care Med 1998; 24: 680–4.
   Google Scholar
• Kilger E, Pichler B, Goetz AE, Rank N, Welte M, Morstedt K, Vetter HO, Godje 0, Schmitz C, Lamm P, Engelschalk E, Muehlbeyer D, Frey L. Procalcitonin as a marker of systemic inflammation after conventional or min-imally invasive coronary bypass grafting. Thorac Cardiovasc Surgery 1998; 46: 130–3.
   Google Scholar
• Aouifi A, Piriou V, Bastien 0, Blanc P, Bouvier H, Evans R, Célard M, Vendenesch F, Rousson R, Lehot JJ. Usefulness of procalcitonin for diagnosis of infection in cardiac surgi-cal patients. Crit Care Med 2000; 28: 3171–6.
   Google Scholar
• Sack U, Burkhardt U, Borte M, Schadlich H, Berg K, Emmrich F. Age-dependent levels of select immunological mediators in sera of healthy children. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1998; 5: 28–32.
   Google Scholar
• Chipeta J, Komada Y, Zhang XL, Deguchi T, Sugiyama K, Azuma E, Sakurai M. CD4+ and CD8+ cell cytokine pro-files in neonates, older children, and adults: increasing T helper type 1 and T cytotoxic type 1 cell populations with age. Cell Immunol 1998; 183: 149–56.
   Google Scholar
• Boeken U, Feindt P, Petzold T, Klein M, Micek M, Seyfert UT, Mohan E, Schulte HD, Gams E. Diagnostic value of procalcitonin: the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass, aprotinin, SIRS, and sepsis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 46: 348–51.
   Google Scholar
• Meisner M, Rauschmayer C, Schmidt J, Feyrer R, Cesnjevar R, Bredle D, Tschaikowsky K. Early increase of procalcitonin after cardiovascular surgery in patients with postoperative com-plications. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1094–102.
   Google Scholar
• Aouifi A, Piriou V, Blanc P, Bouvier H, Bastien 0, Chiari P. Rousson R, Evans R, Lehot JJ. Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein con-centrations. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83: 602–7.
   Google Scholar
• Kerbaul F, Guidon C, Lejeune PJ, Mob o M, Mesana T, Gouin F. Hyperprocalcitonemia is related to noninfectious post-operative severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome asso-ciated with cardiovascular dysfunction after coronary bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002; 16: 47–53.
   Google Scholar
• Menasché P, Haydar S, Peynet J, Du Buit C, Merval R, Bloch G, Piwnica A, Tedgui A. A potential mechanism of vasodilatation after warm heart surgery: the temperature-depen-dent release of cytokines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107: 293–9.
   Google Scholar
• De Werra I, Jaccard C, Corradin SB, Chiolero R, Yersin B, Gallati H, Assicot M, Bohuon C, Baumgartner JD, Glauser MP, Heumann D. Cytokines, nitrite/nitrate, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors, and procalcitonin concentra-tions: comparisons in patients with septic shock, cardiogenic shock, and bacterial pneumonia. Crit Care Med 1997; 25: 607–13.
   Google Scholar
• Lecharny JB, Khater D, Bronchard R, Philip I, Durand G, Desmonts JM, Dehoux M. Hyperpmcalcitonemia in patients with perioperative myocardial infarction after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 323–5.
   Google Scholar