CALCIPHYLAXIS: A RARE COMPLICATION IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

REFERENCES

• Angelis M, Wong LL, Meyers SA, Wong LM. Calciphylaxis in patients on hemo-dia lysis: a prevalence study. Surgery 1997; 122: 1083–1089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weenig RH, Sewell LD, Davis MD, McCarthy JT, Piitelkow MR. Calciphylaxis: nat-ural history, risk factor analysis, and outcome. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56(4): 569–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adrogue HJ, Frazier MR, Zeluff B, Suki WN. Systemic calciphylaxis revisited. Am J Nephrol 1981; 1:177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budisavljevic MN, Cheek D, Ploth DW. Calciphylaxis in chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 978–982.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalajian AH, Malhotra PS, Callen JP, Parker LP. Calciphylaxis with normal renal and parathyroid function: not as rare as previously believed. Arch Dermatol 2009; 145(4): 451–458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janigan DT, Hirsch DJ, Klassen GA, Macdonald AS. Calcified subcutaneous arte-rioles with infarcts of the subcutis and skin ("calciphylaxis") in chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35: 588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur RV, Shortland JR, Nahas Amei. Calciphylaxis. Postgrad Med J 2001; 77: 557–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adrogue HJ, Frazier MR, Zeluff B, Suki WN. Systemic calciphylaxis revisited. Am J Nephrol 1981; 1:177–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine A, Zacharias J. Calciphylaxis is usually non - ulcerating: risk factors, out-come, and therapy. Kidney Int 2002; 61: 2210.
   Google Scholar
• Norris B, Vaysman V, Line BR. Bone scintigraphy of calciphylaxis: a syndrome of vascular calcification and skin necrosis. Clin Nud Med 2005; 30: 725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleibel W, Hazar B, Herman R. A case report comparing various radiological tests in the diagnosis of calcific uremic arteriolopathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 48: 659.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essary LR, Wick MR. Cutaneous calciphylaxis. An underrecognized clinicopath-ologic entity. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 113: 280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazhar AR, Johnson RJ, Gillen D, Stivelman JC, Ryan MJ, Davis CL et al. Risk factors and mortality associated with calciphylaxis in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 2001; 60:324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew S, Lund RI, Chaudhary LR, Geurs T, Hruska KA. Vitamin D receptor acti-vators can protect against vascular calcification. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 19(8): 1509–1519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer C, Heiss A, Schwarz A, Westenfeld R, Ketteler M, Floege J, et al. The serum protein alpha 2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin-A is a systemi-cally acting inhibitor of ectopic calcification. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:357–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiss A, Duchesne A, Denecke B, Grotzinger J, Yamamoto K, Renné T, et al. Structural basis of calcification inhibition by alpha 2 HS glycoprotein/fetuin-A.: formation of colloidal calciprotein particles. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 13333–13341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo G, Ducy P. Mckee MD, Pinero GJ, Loyer E, Behringer RR, et al. Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein. Nature 1997; 386: 78–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalabay L, Jakab L, Proh6szka Z, Fiist G, Benkö Z, Telegdy L et al. Human fetuin/ alpha2HS-glycoprotein level as a novel indicator of liver cell function and short-term mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002; 14(4): 389–394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardin T. Musculoskeletal manifestations of chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Rheu-matol 2003; 15: 48–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma YL, Cain RL, Halladay DL, Yang X, Zeng Q, Miles RR, et al. Catabolic effects of continuous human PTH(1e38) in vivo is associated with sustained stimulation of RANKL and inhibition of osteoprotegerin and gene-associated bone forma-tion. Endocrinology 2001; 142:4047–4054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podymow T, Wherett C, Burns KD. Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of calci-phylaxis: a case series. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 2176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basile C, Montanaro A, Masi M, Pati G, de Maio P. Gismondi A. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for calcific uremic arteriolopathy: a case series. J Nephrol 2002; 15: 676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicone JS, Petronis JB, Embert CD, Spector DA. Successful treatment of calciphy-laxis with intravenous sodium thiosulfate. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43: 1104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar