References
- ZhuN , ZhangD , WangWet al.A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N. Engl. J. Med.382(8), 727–733 (2020).
- WHO (2019). www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
- RabaanAA , Al-AhmedSH , HaqueSet al.SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: a comparative overview. Le Infez. Med.28(2), 174–184 (2020).
- WuZ , McGooganJM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: summary of a Report of 72314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA – J. Am. Med. Assoc.323(13), 1239–1242 (2020).
- CevikM , BamfordC , HoA. COVID-19 pandemic – a focused review for clinicians. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. S1198-743X(20)30231-7 (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32344166
- YangX , YuY , XuJet al.Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir. Med.8(5), 475–481 (2020).
- BeigelJH , TomashekKM , DoddLEet al.Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 – preliminary report. N. Engl. J. Med. (2020) ( Epub ahead of print).
- XuX , HanM , LiTet al.Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. Proc/ Natl Acad. Sci. USA117(20), 10970–10975 (2020).
- Tocilizumab in COVID-19 Pneumonia (TOCIVID-19) (TOCIVID-19) (2020). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04317092
- FelsensteinS , HerbertJA , McNamaraPS , HedrichCM. COVID-19: immunology and treatment options. Clin. Immunol.215, 108448 (2020).
- DiurnoF , NumisFG , PortaGet al.Eculizumab treatment in patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from real life ASL Napoli 2 Nord experience. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci.24(7), 4040–4047 (2020).
- O'NeillLAJ , GolenbockD , BowieAG. The history of Toll-like receptors-redefining innate immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol.13(6), 453–460 (2013).
- KawasakiT , KawaiT. Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Front. Immunol.5(SEP), 461 (2014).
- ImaiY , KubaK , NeelyGGet al.Identification of oxidative stress and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling as a key pathway of acute lung injury. Cell133(2), 235–249 (2008).
- McGonagleD , SharifK , O'ReganA , BridgewoodC. The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease. Autoimmun. Rev.19(6), 102537 (2020).
- ZuoY , YalavarthiS , ShiHet al.Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19. JCI Insight27(191), 26–27 (2020).
- CrouchEC , HircheTO , ShaoBet al.Myeloperoxidase-dependent inactivation of surfactant protein D in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem.285(22), 16757–16770 (2010).
- AgassandianM , MallampalliRK. Surfactant phospholipid metabolism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta – Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids1831(3), 612–625 (2013).
- Study to Evaluate the Safety and Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir (GS-5734™) in Participants With Severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) (2020). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04292899
- BorducchiEN , LiuJ , NkololaJPet al.Antibody and TLR7 agonist delay viral rebound in SHIV-infected monkeys. Nature563(7731), 360–364 (2018).
- JanssenHLA , BrunettoMR , KimYJet al.Safety, efficacy and pharmacodynamics of vesatolimod (GS-9620) in virally suppressed patients with chronic hepatitis B. J. Hepatol.68(3), 431–440 (2018).
- OpalSM , LaterrePF , FrancoisBet al.Effect of eritoran, an antagonist of MD2-TLR4, on mortality in patients with severe sepsis: The ACCESS randomized trial. JAMA – J. Am. Med. Assoc.309(11), 1154–1162 (2013).
- ShireyKA , LaiW , ScottAJet al.The TLR4 antagonist Eritoran protects mice from lethal influenza infection. Nature497(7450), 498–502 (2013).