2,210
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Global Thrombosis Test for Assessing Thrombotic Status and Efficacy of Antithrombotic Diet and Other Conditions

, , , , , , ORCID Icon & show all
Article: FSO788 | Received 15 Jul 2021, Accepted 10 Jan 2022, Published online: 31 Jan 2022

References

  • AnghelL , SascăuR , RaduR , StătescuC. From classical laboratory parameters to novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci.21(6), 1920–1937 (2020).
  • GueYX , GorogDA. Importance of endogenous fibrinolysis in platelet thrombus formation. Int. J. Mol. Sci.18(9), 1850–1864 (2017).
  • KoltaiK , KesmarkyG , FeherG , TiboldA , TothK. Platelet aggregometry testing: molecular mechanisms, techniques and clinical implications. Int. J. Mol. Sci.18(8), 1803–2003 (2017).
  • PanicciaR , PrioraR , LiottaAA , AbbateR. Platelet function tests: a comparative review. Vasc. Health Risk Manag.11, 133–148 (2015).
  • OkaforON , GorogDA. Endogenous fibrinolysis: an important mediator of thrombus formation and cardiovascular risk. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.65(16), 1683–1699 (2015).
  • PabingerI , ThalerJ , AyC. Biomarkers for prediction of venous thromboembolism in cancer. Blood122(12), 2011–2018 (2013).
  • KhaleghiM , SaleemU , McBaneRD , JrMosley TH , KulloIJ. African American ethnicity is associated with higher plasma levels of D-dimer in adults with hypertension. J. Thromb. Haemost.7(1), 34–40 (2009).
  • HarrisonP. Platelet function analysis. Blood Rev.19(2), 111–123 (2005).
  • YamamotoJ , IizumiH , HirotaRet al.Effect of physical training on thrombotic tendency in rats: decrease in thrombotic tendency measured by the He-Ne laser-induced thrombus formation method. Haemostasis19(5), 260–265 (1989).
  • YamamotoJ , IshiiI , SasakiYet al.Antithrombotic effect of ticlopidine on He-Ne laser-induced thrombus formation in rat mesenteric microvessels. Haemostasis22(3), 147–152 (1992).
  • YamamotoJ , IshiiI , ChikamoriAet al.Effect of long-term aerobic exercise on helium-neon-laser-induced thrombogenesis in rat mesenteric arterioles and platelet aggregation. Haemostasis23(3), 129–134 (1993).
  • SasakiY , MoriiS , YamashitaT , YamamotoJ. Antithrombotic effect of argatroban on the pial vessels of the rat: a study with He-Ne laser-induced thrombus formation. Haemostasis23(2), 104–111 (1993).
  • SasakiY , OyamaT , OkitaN , GiddingsJC , SekiJ , YamamotoJ. Cerebral prothrombotic state in spontaneously hypertensive rats of different breeds. Haemostasis26(2), 79–84 (1996).
  • SasakiY , SekiJ , GiddingsJC , YamamotoJ. Effects of NO-donors on thrombus formation and microcirculation in cerebral vessels of the rat. Thromb. Haemost.76(1), 111–117 (1996).
  • YamamotoJ , IshiiI , OkitaNet al.The differential involvement of von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen and fibronectin in acute experimental thrombosis in rat cerebral and mesenteric microvessels. Jpn J. Physiol.47(5), 431–441 (1997).
  • YamashitaT , TsujiT , MatsuokaA , GiddingsJC , YamamotoJ. The antithrombotic effect of synthetic low molecular weight human factor Xa inhibitor, DX-9065a, on He-Ne laser-induced thrombosis in rat mesenteric microvessels. Thromb. Res.85(1), 45–51 (1997).
  • YamashitaT , TsudaY , KonishiYet al.The antithrombotic effect of potent bifunctional thrombin inhibitors based on hirudin sequence, P551 and P532, on He-Ne laser-induced thrombosis in rat mesenteric microvessels. Thromb. Res.90(5), 199–206 (1998).
  • NagamatsuY , TsujiokaY , HashimotoM , GiddingsJC , YamamotoJ. The differential effects of aspirin on platelets, leucocytes and vascular endothelium in an in vivo model of thrombus formation. Clin. Lab. Haematol.21(1), 33–40 (1999).
  • IjiriY , MiuraM , HashimotoMet al.A new model to evaluate the diet-induced prothrombotic state, using He-Ne laser-induced thrombogenesis in the carotid artery of apolipoprotein E-deficient and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis13(6), 497–504 (2002).
  • SasakiY , KobaraN , HigashinoS , GiddingsJC , YamamotoJ. Astaxanthin inhibits thrombosis in cerebral vessels of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nutr. Res.31(10), 784–789 (2011).
  • ArforsKE , HintHC , DhallDP , MathesonNA. Counteraction of platelet activity at sites of laser-induced endothelial trauma. Br. Med. J.16(4), 430–431 (1968).
  • KovácsIB , CsalayL , GörögP. Laser-induced thrombosis in the microcirculation of the hamster cheek pouch and its inhibition by acetylsalicyclic acid. Microvasc. Res.6, 194–201 (1973).
  • KovácsIB , Tigyi-SebesA , TrombitásKet al.Evans blue: an ideal energy-absorbing material to produce intravascular microinjury by HE-NE gas laser. Microvasc. Res.10, 107–124 (1975).
  • KovácsIB , SebesA , TrombitásKet al.Proceedings: improved technique to produce endothelial injury by laser beam without direct damage of blood cells. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh.34(1), 331 (1975).
  • GörögP , KovácsIB. Antiarthritic and antithrombotic effects of topically applied dimethyl sulfoxide. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.243, 91–97 (1975).
  • KovácsIB , GörögP. Laser-induced thrombosis test suitable for pharmacological screening studies. Microvasc. Res.18(3), 403–412 (1979).
  • FalatiS , GrossP , Merrill-SkoloffGet al.Real-time in vivo imaging of platelets, tissue factor and fibrin during arterial thrombus formation in the mouse. Nat. Med.8(10), 1175–1181 (2002).
  • FurieB , FurieBC. Mechanisms of thrombus formation. N. Engl. J. Med.359(9), 938–949 (2008).
  • FurieB , FurieBC. The molecular basis of platelet and endothelial cell interaction with neutrophils and monocytes: role of P-selectin and the P-selectin ligand, PSGL-1. Thromb. Haemost.74(1), 224–227 (1995).
  • KawanoM , WatanabeS , SasakiY , GiddingsJC , YamamotoJ. Adjuvant effect of argatroban on staphylokinase induced thrombolysis of platelet rich thrombi in rat mesenteric venules in vivo. Thromb. Res.86(2), 115–126 (1997).
  • YamashitaT , KitamoriK , HashimotoM , WatanabeS , GiddingsJC , YamamotoJ. Conjunctive effects of the 5HT (2) receptor antagonist, sarpogrelate, on thrombolysis with modified tissue plasminogen activator in different laser-induced thrombosis models. Haemostasis30(6), 321–332 (2000).
  • HashimotoM , WatanabeS , OiwaKet al.Enhanced thrombolysis induced by argatroban or activated protein C in the presence or absence of staphylokinase, measured in an in vivo animal model using mesenteric arterioles. Haemostasis31(2), 80–89 (2001).
  • HashimotoM , YamashitaT , OiwaK , WatanabeS , GiddingsJC , YamamotoJ. Enhancement of endogenous plasminogen activator-induced thrombolysis by argatroban and APC and its control by TAFI, measured in an arterial thrombolysis model in vivo using rat mesenteric arterioles. Thromb. Haemost.87(1), 110–113 (2002).
  • HashimotoM , OnobayashiY , OiwaK , GiddingsJC , YamamotoJ. Enhanced endogenous thrombolysis induced by a specific factor Xa inhibitor, DX-9065a, evaluated in a rat arterial thrombolysis model in vivo. Thromb. Res.106(2), 165–168 (2002).
  • YamamotoJ , IjiriY , IkarugiH , OtsuiK , InoueN. Sakariassen KS. Prevention of thrombotic disorders by antithrombotic diet and exercise: evidence by using global thrombosis tests. Future Sci. OA4(4), FSO285 (2018).
  • BaumgartnerHR. Effects of anticoagulation on the interaction of human platelets with subendothelium in flowing blood. Schweiz. Med. Wochenscher.106, 1367–1368 (1976).
  • BarstadRM , RoaldHE , CuiW , TurittoVT , SakariassenKS. A perfusion chamber developed to investigate thrombus formation and shear profiles in flowing native blood at the apex of well-defined stenoses. Arterioscler. Thromb.14, 1984–1991 (1994).
  • KirchhoferD , TschoppTB , HadváryP , BaumgartnerHR. Endothelial cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha express varying amounts of tissue factor resulting in inhomogenous fibrin deposition in a native blood flow system. Effects of thrombin inhibitors. J. Clin. Invest.93(5), 2073–2083 (1994).
  • SakariassenKS , AartsPAMM , de GrootPG , HoudijkWPM , SixmaJJ. A perfusion chamber developed to investigate platelet interaction in flowing blood with human vessel wall cells, their extracellular matrix and purified components. J. Lab. Clin. Med.102, 522–535 (1983).
  • SakariassenKS , TurittoVT , BaumgartnerHR. Recollections of the development of flow devices for studying mechanisms of hemostasis and thrombosis in flowing whole blood. J. Thromb. Haemost.2(10), 1681–1690 (2004).
  • SakariassenKS , OrningL , TurittoVT. The impact of blood shear rate on arterial thrombus formation. Future. Sci. OA1(4), FSO30 (2015).
  • RatnatungaCP , EdmondsonSF , ReesGMet al.High-dose aspirin inhibits shear-induced platelet reaction involving thrombin generation. Circulation85(3), 1077–1082 (1992).
  • GorogDA , KovacsIB. Thrombotic status analyser. Measurement of platelet-rich thrombus formation and lysis in native blood. Thromb. Haemost.73(3), 514–520 (1995).
  • NakajimaS , NoguchiT , TakaTet al.A global platelet test of thrombosis and thrombolysis detects a prothrombotic state in some patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes and in some patients with stroke. Platelets11(8), 459–466 (2000).
  • IkarugiH , TakaT , NakajimaSet al.Norepinephrine, but not epinephrine, enhances platelet reactivity and coagulation after exercise in humans. J. Appl. Physiol.86(1), 133–138 (1985).
  • MurakiT , SasakiY , GiddingJC , IshiiH , KanekoT , YamamotoJ. Antithrombotic effect of FK506 versus prothrombotic effect of cyclosporine in vivo. Transplantation60(3), 308–310 (1995).
  • YamamotoJ , NaemuraA , UraMet al.Testing various fruits for anti-thrombotic effect: i. Mulberries. Platelets17(8), 555–564 (2006).
  • YamamotoJ , TakaT , YamadaKet al.Tomatoes have natural anti-thrombotic effects. Br. J. Nutr.90(6), 1031–1038 (2003).
  • YamamotoJ , NaemuraA , IjiriYet al.The antithrombotic effects of carrot filtrates in rats and mice. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis19(8), 785–792 (2008).
  • IwasakiM , MurakamiM , IjiriY , ShimizuM , YamamotoJ. Are all wines made from various grape varieties beneficial in the prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke?Future Sci. OA7(2), FSO649 (2020).
  • MorishitaM , NaemuraA , TamuraYet al.Mechanism of the experimental antithrombotic effect of some apple varieties involves enhanced endogenous thrombolytic activity. Interv. Med. Appl. Sci.4(3), 115–124 (2012).
  • YamamotoJ , IjiriY , TamuraY , IwasakiM , MurakamiM , OkadaY. Reevaluation of antithrombotic fruits and vegetables: great variation between varieties. Drug Discov. Ther.10(3), 129–140 (2016).
  • VioliF , PastoriD , PignatelliP , CarnevaleR. Nutrition, thrombosis, and cardiovascular disease. Circ. Res.126(10), 1415–1442 (2020).
  • YamamotoJ , YamashitaT , IkarugiHet al.Görög thrombosis test: a global in-vitro test of platelet function and thrombolysis. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis14(1), 31–39 (2003).
  • NishidaH , MurataM , MiyakiK , OmaeK , WatanabeK , IkedaY. Gorog thrombosis test: analysis of factors influencing occlusive thrombus formation. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis17(3), 203–207 (2006).
  • YamamotoJ , InoueN , OtsuiK , IshiiH , GorogDA. Global thrombosis test (GTT) can detect major determinants of haemostasis including platelet reactivity, endogenous fibrinolytic and thrombin generating potential. Thromb. Res.133(5), 919–926 (2014).
  • GueYX , InoueN , SpinthakisNet al.Thrombotic profile and oral anticoagulation in Asian and non-Asian patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.74(22), 2822–2824 (2019).
  • GorogDA , FaragM , SpinthakisNet al.Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on platelet reactivity and endogenous fibrinolysis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a substudy of the CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI randomized controlled trial. Cardiovasc. Res.117(2), 623–634 (2021).
  • GueYX , KanjiR , WellstedDM , SrinivasanM , WyattS , GorogDA. Rationale and design of “Can very low dose rivaroxaban (VLDR) in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy improve thrombotic status in acute coronary syndrome (VaLiDate-R)” study: a randomised trial modulating endogenous fibrinolysis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis49(2), 192–198 (2020).
  • SpinthakisN , GueY , FaragMet al.Apixaban enhances endogenous fibrinolysis in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace21(9), 1297–1306 (2019).
  • SpinthakisN , GueY , FaragMet al.Impaired endogenous fibrinolysis at high shear using a point-of-care test in STEMI is associated with alterations in clot architecture. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis47(3), 392–395 (2019).
  • Niespialowska-SteudenM , MarkidesV , FaragMet al.Catheter ablation for AF improves global thrombotic profile and enhances fibrinolysis. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis44(4), 413–426 (2017).
  • TakaT , OnoH , SasakiY , SekiJ , YamamotoJ. Platelet reactivity in spontaneously diabetic rats is independent from blood glucose and insulin levels. Platelets13(5–6), 313–316 (2002).
  • TakaT , OkitaN , SasakiY , YamamotoJ. Thrombotic tendency of a non-insulin dependent diabetic rat OLETF. Research Conference on OLETF Rats2, 75–79 (1996).
  • YamashitaT , TakaT , NojimaR , OhtaY , SekiJ , YamamotoJ. There is no valid evidence presented as to an impaired endothelial NO system in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Thromb. Res.105(6), 507–511 (2002).
  • TakaT , OhtaY , SekiJ , GiddingsJC , YamamotoJ. Impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in vivo and reduced shear-induced platelet reactivity in vitro in response to nitric oxide in prothrombotic, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb.32(4), 184–189 (2002).
  • IjiriY , MiuraM , HashimotoMet al.A new model to evaluate the diet-induced prothrombotic state, using He-Ne laser-induced thrombogenesis in the carotid artery of apolipoprotein E-deficient and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis13(6), 497–504 (2002).
  • IjiriY , NaemuraA , YamashitaTet al.Mechanism of the antithrombotic effect of dietary diacylglycerol in atherogenic mice. Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb.35(5), 380–387 (2006).
  • IjiriY , NaemuraA , YamashitaTet al.Dietary diacylglycerol extenuates arterial thrombosis in apoE and LDLR deficient mice. Thromb. Res.117(4), 411–417 (2006).
  • AokiR , IkarugiH , NaemuraA , IjiriY , YamashitaT , YamamotoJ. Endothelial dysfunction precedes atherosclerotic lesions and platelet activation in high fat diet-induced prothrombotic state. Thromb. Res.117(5), 529–535 (2006).
  • YamamotoJ , TamuraY , IjiriY , IwasakiM , MurakamiM , MatsuoO. Evaluation of antithrombotic effect: importance of testing components and methodologies. Drug Discov. Ther.9(4), 258–266 (2015).
  • GorogDA , YamamotoJ , SarafSet al.First direct comparison of platelet reactivity and thrombolytic status between Japanese and Western volunteers: possible relationship to the “Japanese paradox”. Int. J. Cardiol.152(1), 43–48 (2011).
  • IkarugiH , YamashitaT , AokiR , IshiiH , KankiK , YamamotoJ. Impaired spontaneous thrombolytic activity in elderly and in habitual smokers, as measured by a new global thrombosis test. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis14(8), 781–784 (2003).
  • YamashitaT , SatoA , IkarugiHet al.Significantly reduced spontaneous thrombolytic activity in older men: a possible explanation for the gender differences in risk of acute coronary syndromes. Thromb. Res.116(2), 127–131 (2005).
  • OtsuiK , YamamotoJ , InoueN. Overwork accelerates thrombotic reaction: implications for the pathogenesis of Karoshi. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis45(2), 222–224 (2018).
  • ShioyamaW , OkaT , KamataRet al.Effect of cancer chemotherapy on platelet reactivity and thrombolytic activity. Presented at: The 25th Kinki Thrombosis Research Society Meeting.Osaka, Japan (2020).
  • JoshipuraKJ , AscherioA , MansonJEet al.Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to risk of ischemic stroke. JAMA282(13), 1233–1239 (1999).
  • LiuS , MansonJE , LeeIMet al.Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: the women's health study. Am. J. Clin. Nut.72(4), 922–928 (2000).
  • JoshipuraKJ , HuFB , MansonJEet al.The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk for coronary heart disease. Ann. Intern. Med.134(12), 1106–1114 (2001).
  • BazzanoLA , HeJ , OgdenLGet al.Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults: the first national health and nutrition examination survey epidemiologic follow-up study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.76(1), 93–99 (2002).
  • HeFJ , NowsonCA , MacGregorGA. Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: meta-analysis of cohort studies. Lancet367(9507), 320–326 (2006).
  • MezzanoD , MunozX , MartinezCet al.Vegetarians and cardiovascular risk factors: hemostasis, inflammatory markers and plasma homocysteine. Thromb. Haemost.81(6), 913–917 (1999).
  • LiD , SinclairA , MannNet al.The association of diet and thrombotic risk factors in healthy male vegetarians and meat-eaters. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.53(8), 612–619 (1999).
  • SatijaA , BhupathirajuSN , SpiegelmanDet al.Healthful and unhealthful plant-based diets and the risk of coronary heart disease in U.S. adults. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.70(4), 411–422 (2017).
  • GantenbeinKV , Kanaka-GantenbeinC. Mediterranean diet as an antioxidant: the impact on metabolic health and overall wellbeing. Nutrients13(6), 1951 (2021).
  • MattioliAV. Coffee and platelets: an unsolved problem. J. Caffeine Adenosine Res.11(3), 49–50 (2021).
  • NaemuraA , OhiraH , IkedaM , KoshikawaK , IshiiH , YamamotoJ. An experimentally antithrombotic strawberry variety is also effective in humans. Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb.35(5), 398–404 (2006).
  • IjiriY , IshiiH , YamamotoJ. Diet of fruits and vegetables with experimental antithrombotic effect may be beneficial to humans in the prevention of arterial thrombotic diseases. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res.8(3), 6–10 (2016).
  • LavieCJ , ThomasRJ , SquiresRW , AllisonTG , MilaniRV. Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Mayo Clin. Proc.84(4), 373–383 (2009).
  • ShiromaEJ , LeeIM. Physical activity and cardiovascular health: lessons learned from epidemiological studies across age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Circulation122(7), 743–752 (2010).
  • PollockML , FranklinBA , BaladyGJet al.Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: benefits, rationale, safety, and prescription: an advisory from the committee on exercise, rehabilitation, and prevention, council on clinical cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation101(7), 828–833 (2000).
  • AlbertCM , MittlemanMA , ChaeCU , LeeIM , HennekensCH , MansonJE. Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion. N. Engl. J. Med.343(19), 1355–1361 (2000).
  • MaronBJ. The paradox of exercise. N. Engl. J. Med.343(1), 1409–1411 (2000).
  • WangJS , JenCJ , KungHC , LinLJ , HsiueTR , ChenHI. Different effects of strenuous exercise and moderate exercise on platelet function in men. Circulation90(9), 2877–2885 (1994).
  • El-SayedMS , SaleC , JonesPG , ChesterM. Blood hemostasis in exercise and training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.32(5), 918–925 (2000).
  • ThompsonPD , FranklinBA , BaladyGJet al.Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American heart association council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism and the council on clinical cardiology. Circulation115(17), 2358–2368 (2007).
  • ThrallG , LaneD , CarrollD , LipGY. A systematic review of the effects of acute psychological stress and physical activity on haemorheology, coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet reactivity: implications for the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. Thromb. Res.120(6), 819–847 (2007).
  • PosthumaJJ , vander Meijden PE , TenCate H , SpronkHM. Short- and long-term exercise induced alterations in haemostasis: a review of the literature. Blood Rev.29(3), 171–178 (2014).
  • OlsenLN , FischerM , PhillipEvans PA , GliemannHellsten Y. Does exercise influence the susceptibility to arterial thrombosis? An integrative perspective. Front. Physiol.12, 636027 (2021).
  • IkarugiH , YamamotoJ. The exercise paradox may be solved by measuring the overall thrombotic state using native blood. Drug Discov. Ther.11(1), 15–19 (2017).
  • IkarugiH , TakaT , NakajimaS. Detection of a prothrombotic state after acute aerobic exercise. Thromb. Res.85, 351–356 (1997).
  • BabaY. Effects of exercise and diet interventions modeled on Healthy Japan 21 on thrombus formation. Master's Thesis, Kobe Gakuin University (2012).
  • FavaloroEJ , LippiG. Maintaining hemostasis and preventing thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): part II. Semin. Thromb. Hemost.47(4), 333–337 (2021).
  • GreinacherA , ThieleT , WarkentinTE , WeisserK , KyrlePA , EichingerS. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. N. Engl. J. Med.384(22), 2092–2101 (2021).
  • KlokFA , KruipMJHA , vander Meer NJMet al.Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: an updated analysis. Thromb. Res.191, 148–150 (2020).
  • SantoliquidoA , PorfidiaA , NesciAet al.Incidence of deep vein thrombosis among non-ICU patients hospitalized for COVID-19 despite pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. J. Thromb. Haemost.18(9), 2358–2363 (2020).
  • Al-AniF , ChehadeS , Lazo-LangnerA. Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review. Thromb. Res.192, 152–160 (2020).
  • OkamotoU , NagamatsuY , HorieN , YamamotoJ , SasakiK. Variation in activities of non-plasmin fibrinolytic proteinase and plasminogen-activator in the lung and spleen induced by bacterial endotoxin in rats with special reference to the effects of MD-805. Thromb. Haemost.53(3), 323–327 (1985).
  • SalemN , AtallahB , ElNekidy WS , SadikZG , ParkWM , MallatJ. Thromboelastography findings in critically ill COVID-19 patients. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis51(4), 961–965 (2021).
  • VandenbrieleC , GorogDA. Screening for venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis doi:10.1007/s11239-021-02474-8 (2021) ( Epub ahead of print).
  • YamamotoJ , IshiiI , OkadaYet al.Effect of leucocyte products on platelet thrombus formation, coagulation and spontaneous thrombolysis, as measured from native human blood, in vitro. Thromb. Res.71(4), 281–287 (1993).