Transgender health care: improving medical students’ and residents’ training and awareness

References

• Sexual and gender minorities formally designated as a health disparity population for research purposes [press release]National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities2016
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and OpportunitiesThe Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better UnderstandingWashington, DCNational Academies Press (US)2011
   Google Scholar
• ColemanEBocktingWBotzerMStandards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version 7Int J Transgend2011134165232
   Google Scholar
• MeerwijkELSeveliusJMTransgender population size in the United States: a meta-regression of population-based probability samplesAm J Public Health20171072216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BradfordJReisnerSLHonnoldJAXavierJExperiences of trans-gender-related discrimination and implications for health: results from the Virginia Transgender Health Initiative StudyAm J Public Health2013103101820182923153142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RadixAELelutiu-WeinbergerCGamarelKESatisfaction and health-care utilization of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals in NYC: a community-based participatory studyLGBT Health20141430230826789858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements-NolleKMarxRGuzmanRKatzMHIV prevalence, risk behaviors, health care use, and mental health status of transgender persons: implications for public health interventionAm J Public Health200191691592111392934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LombardiETransgender health: a review and guidance for future research-proceedings from the Summer Institute at the Center for Research on Health and Sexual Orientation, University of PittsburghInt J Transgend2010124211229
   Google Scholar
• OperarioDNemotoTHIV in transgender communities: syndemic dynamics and a need for multicomponent interventionsJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr1999201055 suppl 2S91S93
   Google Scholar
• RadixASeveliusJDeutschMBTransgender women, hormonal therapy and HIV treatment: a comprehensive review of the literature and recommendations for best practicesJ Int AIDS Soc2016193 suppl 22081027431475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HerbstJHJacobsEDFinlaysonTJEstimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of transgender persons in the United States: a systematic reviewAIDS Behav200812111717694429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StreedCGJrMcCarthyEPHaasJSAssociation between gender minority status and self-reported physical and mental health in the United StatesJAMA Intern Med201717781210121228558100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReisnerSLHughtoJMDunhamEELegal protections in public accommodations settings: a critical public health issue for transgender and gender-nonconforming peopleMilbank Q201593348451526219197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrantJMMottetLATanisJNational Transgender Discrimination Survey Report on Health and Health CareWashington, DCNational Center for Transgender Equality and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force2010
   Google Scholar
• Ben-AsherNThe necessity of sex change: a struggle for intersex and transsex libertiesHarv J Law Gender2006295198
   Google Scholar
• Rush v. Parham, 625 F.2d 1150(5th Cir. 1980).
   Google Scholar
• NardiCComment, when health insurers deny coverage for breast reconstructive surgery: gender meets disabilityWis L Rev19971997477782611658080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GageSThe transgender eligibility gap: how the ACA fails to cover medically necessary treatment for transgender individuals and how HHS can fix itNew Engl Law Rev20154992
   Google Scholar
• SinghSDursoL [webpage on the Internet]Widespread Discrimination Continues to Shape LGBT People’s Lives in Both Subtle and Significant Ways2017 Available from: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/lgbt/news/2017/05/02/429529/widespread-discrimination-continues-shape-lgbt-peoples-lives-subtle-significant-ways/Accessed December, 2017
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Health & Human Services [webpage on the Internet]Access to Healthcare: Nondiscrimination2017 Available from: https://www.hhs.gov/programs/topic-sites/lgbt/accesstohealthcare/nondiscrimination/index.htmlAccessed December 28, 2017
   Google Scholar
• Out2EnrollReaching and Assisting LGBT Communities2015 Available from: http://out2enroll.org/lgbthealthcare/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Out2Enroll-Updated-Slide-Deck-091615.pdfAccessed December 28, 2017
   Google Scholar
• MorrisonSDWilsonSCSmithJRAre we adequately preparing our trainees to care for transgender patients?J Grad Med Educ20179225828439369
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MayerKHBradfordJBMakadonHJStallRGoldhammerHLandersSSexual and gender minority health: what we know and what needs to be doneAm J Public Health200898698999518445789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The World Professional Association for Transgender HealthStandards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People72011 Available from: https://www.wpath.org/publications/socAccessed December 28, 2017
   Google Scholar
• CahillSMakadonHSexual orientation and gender identity data collection in clinical settings and in electronic health records: a key to ending LGBT health disparitiesLGBT Health201411344126789508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HollenbachAEckstrandKDregerAImplementing Curricular and Institutional Climate Changes to Improve Health Care for Individuals Who Are LGBT, Gender Nonconforming, or Born with DSD1st edWashington, DCAssociation of American Medical Colleges2014
   Google Scholar
• Institute of MedicineThe Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better UnderstandingWashington, DCThe National Academies Press2011
   Google Scholar
• LombardiEPublic health and trans-people: barriers to care and strategies to improve treatmentMeyerINorthridgeMEThe Health of Sexual Minorities Public HealthNew YorkSpringer200715
   Google Scholar
• StreedCGJrHarfouchOMarvelFBlumenthalRSMartinSSMukherjeeMCardiovascular disease among transgender adults receiving hormone therapy: a narrative reviewAnn Intern Med2017167425626728738421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HembreeWCCohen-KettenisPTGoorenLEndocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons: an endocrine society clinical practice guidelineJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2017102113869390328945902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PhamMTRajićAGreigJDSargeantJMPapadopoulosAMcEwenSAA scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistencyRes Synth Methods20145437138526052958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JannJTEdmistonEKEhrenfeldJMImportant considerations for addressing LGBT health care competencyAm J Public Health201510511e8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BidellMPSteplemanLMAn interdisciplinary approach to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clinical competence, professional training, and ethical care: introduction to the special issueJ Homosex201764101305132928463093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BonviciniKALGBT healthcare disparities: what progress have we made?Patient Educ Couns2017100122357236128623053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArrowsmithLImproving osteopathic medical training in providing health care to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patientsJ Am Osteopath Assoc201511516725550485
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CokerTRAustinSBSchusterMAHealth and healthcare for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: reducing disparities through research, education and practiceJ Adolesc Health200945321321519699415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DanielHButkusRLesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health disparities: executive summary of a policy position paper from the American College of PhysiciansAnn Intern Med2015163213513725961598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HartDToward better care for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender patientsMinn Med20139684245
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KhaliliJLeungLBDiamantALFinding the perfect doctor: identifying lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-competent physiciansAm J Public Health201510561114111925880937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliminating health disparities – promoting awareness and education of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health issues in medical education H-295878 [press release]American Medical Association Available from: https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder/detail/transgender%20?uri=%2FAMADoc%2FHOD.xml-0-2177.xmlAccessed December 28, 2017
   Google Scholar
• Advancing Effective CommunicationCultural competence, and patient-and family centered care for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community: a field guide [press release]Oak Brook, ILThe Joint Commission2011
   Google Scholar
• CurryRHCapturing curriculaJAMA2011306999799821900143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LutwakNImproving care of transgender patientsAcad Emerg Med20172481034103528585355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NgHLesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health and medical educationJAMA2011306212326 author reply 2326–2327.22147376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ManshMGarciaGLunnMRFrom patients to providers: changing the culture in medicine toward sexual and gender minoritiesAcad Med201590557458025650825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UtamsinghPDKenyaSLebronCNCarrasquilloOBeyond sensitivity. LGBT healthcare training in U.S. Medical Schools: a review of the literatureAm J Sex Educ2017122148169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DesrosiersJWilkinsonTAbelGPitamaSCurricular initiatives that enhance student knowledge and perceptions of sexual and gender minority groups: a critical interpretive synthesisCan Med Educ J201672e121e13828344699
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Obedin-MaliverJGoldsmithESStewartLLesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-related content in undergraduate medical educationJAMA2011306997197721900137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DowshenNMeadowsRByrnesMHawkinsLEderJNoonanKPolicy perspective: ensuring comprehensive care and support for gender nonconforming children and adolescentsTransgend Health201611758528861528
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HonigbergMCEshelNLuskinMRShaykevichSLipsitzSRKatzJTCurricular time, patient exposure, and comfort caring for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients among recent medical graduatesLGBT Health20174323723928418736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiangJJGardnerIHWalkerJASaferJDObserved deficiencies in medical student knowledge of transgender and intersex healthEndocr Pract201723889790628534684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhiteWBrenmanSParadisELesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patient care: medical students’ preparedness and comfortTeach Learn Med201527325426326158327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SanchezNFRabatinJSanchezJPHubbardSKaletAMedical students’ ability to care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered patientsFam Med2006381212716378255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LapinskiJSextonPBakerLAcceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients, attitudes about their treatment, and related medical knowledge among osteopathic medical studentsJ Am Osteopath Assoc20141141078879625288714
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BurkeSEDovidioJFPrzedworskiJMDo contact and empathy mitigate bias against gay and lesbian people among heterosexual first-year medical students? A report from the medical student CHANGE studyAcad Med201590564565125674910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HayesVBlondeauWBing-YouRGAssessment of medical student and resident/fellow knowledge, comfort, and training with sexual history taking in LGBTQ patientsFam Med201547538338725905882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChanBSkocylasRSaferJDGaps in transgender medicine content identified among Canadian Medical School CurriculaTransgend Health20161114215029159305
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SequeiraGMChakrabortiCPanuntiBAIntegrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) content into undergraduate medical school curricula: a qualitative studyOchsner J201212437938223267268
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TamasRLMillerKHMartinLJGreenbergRBAddressing patient sexual orientation in the undergraduate medical education curriculumAcad Psychiatry201034534234520833902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DowshenNGilbertKFeilerALeeS30. Transgender health education impact on medical student knowledge, skills and attitudesJ Adolesc Health2013522 suppl 1S3523535055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrubbHHHAmielJBogartJLairdJCultural humility with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: a novel curriculum in LGBT health for clinical medical studentsMedEdPORTAL201399542
   Google Scholar
• SaferJDPearceENA simple curriculum content change increased medical student comfort with transgender medicineEndocr Pract201319463363723425656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ErikssonSESaferJDEvidence-based curricular content improves student knowledge and changes attitudes towards transgender medicineEndocr Pract201622783784127042742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BraunHMGarcia-GrossmanIRQuiñones-RiveraADeutschMBOutcome and impact evaluation of a transgender health course for health profession studentsLGBT Health201741556128075699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SawningSSteinbockSCroleyRCombsRShawAGanzelTA first step in addressing medical education curriculum gaps in lesbian-, gay-, bisexual-, and transgender-related content: the University of Louisville Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Certificate ProgramEduc Health (Abingdon)201730210811428928340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanceSRJrDeutschMBRosenthalSMBuckelewSMEnhancing pediatric trainees’ and students’ knowledge in providing care to transgender youthJ Adolesc Health201760442543028065519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FerraraEPugnaireMPJonassenJASexual health innovations in undergraduate medical educationInt J Impot Res200315suppl 5S46S5014551577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarberMEDrescheJRosariVThe GAP online LGBT mental health curriculumJ Gay Lesbian Mental Health20121614148
   Google Scholar
• KiddJDBocktingWCabanissDLBlumenshinePSpecial-“T” training: extended follow-up results from a residency-wide professionalism workshop on transgender healthAcad Psychiatry201640580280627234260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MokonoghoJMittalSQuitangonGTreating the transgender homeless population: experiences during residency trainingJ Gay Lesbian Mental Health2010144346354
   Google Scholar
• ThomasDDSaferJDA simple intervention raised resident-physician willingness to assist transgender patients seeking hormone therapyEndocr Pract201521101134114226151424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGarryKAClarkeJGCyrMGLandauCEvaluating a lesbian and gay health care curriculumTeach Learn Med200214424424812395487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KleinEWNakhaiMCaring for LGBTQ patients: methods for improving physician cultural competenceInt J Psychiatry Med201651431532427497452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JohnstonCDShearerLSInternal medicine resident attitudes, prior education, comfort, and knowledge regarding delivering comprehensive primary care to transgender patientsTransgend Health201721919528861552
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davidge-PittsCNippoldtTBDanoffARadziejewskiLNattNTransgender health in endocrinology: current status of endocrinology fellowship programs and practicing cliniciansJ Clin Endocrinol Metab201710241286129028324050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MollJKriegerPMoreno-WaltonLThe prevalence of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health education and training in emergency medicine residency programs: what do we know?Acad Emerg Med201421560861124842513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorrisonSDDyGWChongHJTransgender-related education in plastic surgery and urology residency programsJ Grad Med Educ20179217818328439350
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MorrisonSDChongHJDyGWEducational exposure to transgender patient care in plastic surgery trainingPlast Reconstr Surg2016138494495327307319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DyGWOsbunNCMorrisonSDGrantDWMerguerianPAExposure to and attitudes regarding transgender education among urology residentsJ Sex Med201613101466147227576024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MassenburgBMMorrisonSDRashidiVEducational exposure to transgender patient care in otolaryngology trainingJ Craniofacial Surg2018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CrinitiSMPerspectives of Sexuality Education Among Medical ResidentsAnn Arbor, MIProQuest Information & Learning2015
   Google Scholar
• AliNFleisherWEricksonJPsychiatrists’ and psychiatry residents’ attitudes toward transgender peopleAcad Psychiatry201640226827325743203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreeneREHanleyKCookTEGillespieCZabarSMeeting the primary care needs of transgender patients through simulationJ Grad Med Educ20179338038128638528
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MorrisonSDSmithJRMandellSPAre surgical residents prepared to care for transgender patients?JAMA Surg201815319293
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShindelAWBaazeemAEardleyIColemanESexual health in undergraduate medical education: existing and future needs and platformsJ Sex Med20161371013102627318019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParkJASaferJDClinical exposure to transgender medicine improves students’ preparedness above levels seen with didactic teaching alone: a key addition to the Boston University Model for Teaching Transgender HealthcareTransgend Health201831101629344576
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RadixAErickson-SchrothLJacobsLAEckstrandKPotterJTrauma, Resilience, and Health Promotion in LGBT Patients: What Every Healthcare Provider Should Know1st edBerlinSpringer2017
   Google Scholar
• Fenway Institute National LGBT Health Education CenterAbout CME/CEU and HEI Credit2018 Available from: https://www.lgbthealthe-ducation.org/lgbt-education/cme/Accessed December 28, 2017
   Google Scholar
• VanderleestJGGalperCQImproving the health of transgender people: transgender medical education in ArizonaJ Assoc Nurses AIDS Care200920541141619732699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TonHEidson-TonWSIosifA-MSitkinNHendersonSCallahanEJUsing a retreat to develop a 4-year sexual orientation and gender identity curriculumAcad Psychiatry201640579680126758739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lelutiu-WeinbergerCPollard-ThomasPPaganoWImplementation and evaluation of a pilot training to improve transgender competency among medical staff in an Urban ClinicTransgend Health201611455329159297
   PubMedGoogle Scholar