Treatment-resistant prurigo nodularis: challenges and solutions

References

• ZeidlerCStänderSThe pathogenesis of Prurigo nodularis--’Super-Itch’ in explorationEur J Pain2016201374026416433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IkingAGrundmannSChatzigeorgakidisEPhanNQKleinDStänderSPrurigo as a symptom of atopic and non-atopic diseases: aetiological survey in a consecutive cohort of 108 patientsJ Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol201327555055722364653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WinhovenSMGawkrodgerDJNodular prurigo: metabolic diseases are a common associationClin Exp Dermatol200732222422517137473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland PayneCMWilkinsonJDMckeePHJureckaWBlackMMNodular prurigo – a clinicopathological study of 46 patientsBr J Dermatol198511344314394063179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VaidyaDCSchwartzRAPrurigo nodularis: a benign dermatosis derived from a persistent pruritusActa Dermatovenerol Croat2008161384418358109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiangYJacobiHHReimertCMHaak-FrendschoMMarcussonJAJohanssonOCGRP-immunoreactive nerves in prurigo nodularis--an exploration of neurogenic inflammationJ Cutan Pathol200027735936610917163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JohanssonOLiangYMarcussonJAReimertCMEosinophil cationic protein-and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/eosinophil protein X-immunoreactive eosinophils in prurigo nodularisArch Dermatol Res2000292837137810994770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JohanssonOLiangYEmtestamLIncreased nerve growth factor-and tyrosine kinase A-like immunoreactivities in prurigo nodularis skin -- an exploration of the cause of neurohyperplasiaArch Dermatol Res20022931261461911875644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaasSCapellinoSPhanNQLow density of sympathetic nerve fibers relative to substance P-positive nerve fibers in lesional skin of chronic pruritus and prurigo nodularisJ Dermatol Sci201058319319720417061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PereiraMPSteinkeSZeidlerCEuropean Academy of dermatology and venereology European prurigo project: expert consensus on the definition, classification and terminology of chronic prurigoJ Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol20183271059106528857299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AmberKTKortaDZde FeraudySGrandoSAVesiculobullous eruption in a patient receiving psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatment for prurigo nodules: a case of PUVA-aggravated pemphigoid nodularisClin Exp Dermatol201742783383528597976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MollanazarNKSethiMRodriguezRVRetrospective analysis of data from an itch center: integrating validated tools in the electronic health recordJ Am Acad Dermatol201675484284427646746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BharatiAWilsonNJPeripheral neuropathy associated with nodular prurigoClin Exp Dermatol2007321677017034423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YosipovitchGSamuelLSNeuropathic and psychogenic itchDermatol Ther2008211324118318883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchuhknechtBMarziniakMWisselAReduced intraepidermal nerve fibre density in lesional and nonlesional prurigo nodularis skin as a potential sign of subclinical cutaneous neuropathyBr J Dermatol20111651859121410670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PereiraMPBastaSMooreJStänderSPrurigo nodularis: a physician survey to evaluate current perceptions of its classification, clinical experience and unmet needJ Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol2018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AmerAFischerHPrurigo nodularis in a 9-year-old girlClin Pediatr20094819395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VachiramonVTeyHLThompsonAEYosipovitchGAtopic dermatitis in African American children: addressing unmet needs of a common diseasePediatr Dermatol201229439540222471955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BoozalisETangOPatelSEthnic differences and comorbidities of 909 prurigo nodularis patientsJ Am Acad Dermatol2018794714719.e71329733939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TanakaMAibaSMatsumuraNAoyamaHTagamiHPrurigo nodularis consists of two distinct forms: early-onset atopic and lateonset non-atopicDermatology199519042692767655104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TanWSTeyHLExtensive prurigo nodularis: characterization and etiologyDermatology2014228327628024662043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ADRivetJMoulonguetIAtypical presentation of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma due to HTLV-1: prurigo nodularis lasting twelve years followed by an acute micropapular eruptionActa Derm Venereol201090328729020526548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PereiraMPLülingHDieckhöferASteinkeSZeidlerCStänderSBrachioradial pruritus and Notalgia paraesthetica: a comparative observational study of clinical presentation and morphological pathologiesActa Derm Venereol2018981828828902951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeisshaarESzepietowskiJCDarsowUEuropean guideline on chronic pruritusActa Derm Venereol201292556358122790094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TessariGDalle VedoveCLoschiavoCThe impact of pruritus on the quality of life of patients undergoing dialysis: a single centre cohort studyJ Nephrol200922224124819384842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JørgensenKMEgebergAGislasonGHSkovLThyssenJPAnxiety, depression and suicide in patients with prurigo nodularisJ Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol2017312e106e10727505149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DazziCErmaDPiccinnoRVeraldiSCaccialanzaMPsychological factors involved in prurigo nodularis: a pilot studyJ Dermatolog Treat201122421121420666670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeigeltNMetzeDStänderSPrurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patientsJ Cutan Pathol201037557858620002240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BsABeergouderSLHypertrophic lichen planus versus prurigo nodularis: a dermoscopic perspectiveDermatol Pract Concept201662915
   Google Scholar
• ErrichettiEPiccirilloAStincoGDermoscopy of Prurigo nodularisJ Dermatol201542663263425808786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PugliarelloSCozziAGisondiPGirolomoniGPhenotypes of atopic dermatitisJ Dtsch Dermatol Ges201191122021054785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FurukitaKAnsaiSHidaYKuboYAraseSHashimotoTA case of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita with unusual clinical featuresClin Exp Dermatol2009348e702e70419817767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerković GulinSČeovićRLončarićDIlićIRadmanINodular Prurigo Associated with Mycosis Fungoides Ethnic differences and comorbidities of 909 prurigo nodularis patients Case ReportActa Dermatovenerol Croat201523320320726476905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MattilaJOVornanenMVaaraJKatilaMLMycobacteria in prurigo nodularis: the cause or a consequence?J Am Acad Dermatol1996342 Pt 12242288642086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaporitoLFlorenaAMColombaCPampinellaDdi CarloPPrurigo nodularis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosisJ Med Microbiol200958Pt 121649165119661207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SinghFRudikoffDHIV-associated pruritus: etiology and managementAm J Clin Dermatol20034317718812627993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TarikciNKocatürkEGüngörŞuleOğuz TopalIÜlkümen CanPSingerRPruritus in systemic diseases: a review of etiological factors and new treatment modalitiesScientificWorldJournal20152015218
   Google Scholar
• MilazzoFPiconiSTrabattoniDIntractable pruritus in HIV infection: immunologic characterizationAllergy199954326627210321563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MagandFNacherMCazorlaCCambazardFMarieDSCouppiéPPredictive values of Prurigo nodularis and herpes zoster for HIV infection and immunosuppression requiring HAART in French GuianaTrans R Soc Trop Med Hyg2011105740140421621233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PisoniRLWikströmBElderSJPruritus in haemodialysis patients: international results from the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study (DOPPS)Nephrol Dial Transplant200621123495350516968725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeissMMettangTTschulenaUPasslick-DeetjenJWeisshaarEPrevalence of chronic itch and associated factors in haemodialysis patients: a representative cross-sectional studyActa Derm Venereol201595781682125740325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HayaniKWeissMWeisshaarEClinical findings and provision of care in haemodialysis patients with chronic itch: new results from the German epidemiological haemodialysis itch studyActa Derm Venereol201696336136626551638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AkarsuSOzbagcivanOIlknurTSemizFInciBBFetilEXerosis cutis and associated co-factors in women with prurigo nodularisAn Bras Dermatol201893567167930156616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KestnerRIStänderSOsadaNZieglerDMetzeDAcquired reactive perforating dermatosis is a variant of Prurigo nodularisActa Derm Venereol201797224925427349279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhiteCRHeskelNSPokornyDJPerforating folliculitis of hemodialysisAm J Dermatopathol1982421091167103012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HurwitzRMMeltonMECreechFTWeissJHandtAPerforating folliculitis in association with hemodialysisAm J Dermatopathol1982421011087103011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KhaledASfiaMFazaaBPrurigo chronique rélévant un lymphome T angioimmunoblastique [Chronic prurigo revealing an angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma]Tunis Med2009878534537 French20180359
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FunakiMOhnoTDekioSPrurigo nodularis associated with advanced gastric cancer: report of a caseJ Dermatol199623107037078973036
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LinJTWangWHYenCCYuITChenPMPrurigo nodularis as initial presentation of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladderJ Urol2002168263163212131324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DumontSPéchèreMToutous TrelluLChronic prurigo: an unusual presentation of Hodgkin lymphomaCase Rep Dermatol201810212212629928200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShelnitzLSPallerASHodgkin’s disease manifesting as prurigo nodularisPediatr Dermatol1990721361392359730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SeshadriPRajanSJGeorgeIAGeorgeRA sinister itch: prurigo nodularis in Hodgkin lymphomaJ Assoc Physicians India20095771571620329432
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ASStänderSNeuropathic itch: diagnosis and managementDermatol Ther201326210410923551367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeDDograSKanwarAJPrurigo nodularis in healed herpes zoster scar: an isotopic responseJ Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol200721571171217448007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MirzoyevSADavisMDBrachioradial pruritus: mayo Clinic experience over the past decadeBr J Dermatol201316951007101523796379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PautrierLMA propos de la maladie de besnier-boeck-schaumann a forme de prurigo [Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann’s disease of prurigo type]Ann Dermatol Syphiligr1954815481490 French
   Google Scholar
• HarrisBHarrisKPenneysNSDemonstration by S-100 protein staining of increased numbers of nerves in the papillary dermis of patients with prurigo nodularisJ Am Acad Dermatol199226156581732336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LindleyRPPayneCMNeural hyperplasia is not a diagnostic prerequisite in nodular prurigo. A controlled morphometric microscopic study of 26 biopsy specimensJ Cutan Pathol198916114182921380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiangYHeilbornJMarcussonJJohanssonOIncreased NGFR immunoreactive, dermal nerve fibers in prurigo nodularisEur J Dermatol19966563
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiangYMarcussonJAJohanssonOLight and electron microscopic immunohistochemical observations of p75 nerve growth factor receptor-immunoreactive dermal nerves in prurigo nodularisArch Dermatol Res19992911142110025723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abadía MolinaFBurrowsNPJonesRRTerenghiGPolakJMIncreased sensory neuropeptides in nodular prurigo: a quantitative immunohistochemical analysisBr J Dermatol199212743443511419754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JohnsonEMGorinPDBrandeisLDPearsonJDorsal root ganglion neurons are destroyed by exposure in utero to maternal antibody to nerve growth factorScience198021044729169187192014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoedertMOttenUHuntSPBiochemical and anatomical effects of antibodies against nerve growth factor on developing rat sensory gangliaProc Natl Acad Sci USA1984815158015846608728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MobleyWCWooJEEdwardsRHDevelopmental regulation of nerve growth factor and its receptor in the rat caudate-putamenNeuron1989356556642561975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• di MarcoEMarchisioPCBondanzaSFranziATCanceddaRde LucaMGrowth-regulated synthesis and secretion of biologically active nerve growth factor by human keratinocytesJ Biol Chem19912663221718217221718982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PincelliCSevignaniCManfrediniRExpression and function of nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptor on cultured keratinocytesJ Invest Dermatol1994103113188027574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GronebergDASerowkaFPeckenschneiderNGene expression and regulation of nerve growth factor in atopic dermatitis mast cells and the human mast cell LINE-1J Neuroimmunol20051611–2879215748947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KobayashiHGleichGJButterfieldJHKitaHHuman eosinophils produce neurotrophins and secrete nerve growth factor on immunologic stimuliBlood20029962214222011877300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SolomonAAloeLPe’erJNerve growth factor is preformed in and activates human peripheral blood eosinophilsJ Allergy Clin Immunol199810234544609768588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NilssonGForsberg-NilssonKXiangZHallböökFNilssonKMetcalfeDDHuman mast cells express functional TrkA and are a source of nerve growth factorEur J Immunol1997279229523019341772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LambiaseABracci-LaudieroLBoniniSHuman CD4+ T cell clones produce and release nerve growth factor and express high-affinity nerve growth factor receptorsJ Allergy Clin Immunol199710034084149314355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MatsumuraSTeraoMMurotaHKatayamaITh2 cytokines enhance TRKA expression, upregulate proliferation, and downregulate differentiation of keratinocytesJ Dermatol Sci201578321522325823576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilkinsonDITheeuwesMJFarberEMNerve growth factor increases the mitogenicity of certain growth factors for cultured human keratinocytes: a comparison with epidermal growth factorExp Dermatol1994352392457881770
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OttenUEhrhardPPeckRNerve growth factor induces growth and differentiation of human B lymphocytesProc Natl Acad Sci USA1989862410059100632557615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BischoffSCCaDDahindenCAEffect of nerve growth factor on the release of inflammatory mediators by mature human basophilsBlood19927910266226691586715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KesslerJABlackIBNerve growth factor stimulates the development of substance P in sensory gangliaProc Natl Acad Sci USA19807716496526153799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HägermarkOHökfeltTPernowBFlare and itch induced by substance P in human skinJ Invest Dermatol197871423323581243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LembeckFDonnererJTsuchiyaMNagahisaAThe non-peptide tachykinin antagonist, CP-96,345, is a potent inhibitor of neurogenic inflammationBr J Pharmacol199210535275301378337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlmeidaTARojoJNietoPMTachykinins and tachykinin receptors: structure and activity relationshipsCurr Med Chem200411152045208115279567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StänderSSiepmannDHerrgottISunderkötterCLugerTATargeting the neurokinin receptor 1 with aprepitant: a novel antipruritic strategyPLoS One201056e1096820532044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StänderSLugerTMetzeDTreatment of Prurigo nodularis with topical capsaicinJ Am Acad Dermatol200144347147811209117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchmelzMSchmidtRWeidnerCHilligesMTorebjorkHEHandwerkerHOChemical response pattern of different classes of C-nociceptors to pruritogens and algogensJ Neurophysiol20038952441244812611975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiangYMarcussonJAJacobiHHHaak-FrendschoMJohanssonOHistamine-containing mast cells and their relationship to NGFr-immunoreactive nerves in prurigo nodularis: a reappraisalJ Cutan Pathol19982541891989609137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SonkolyEMullerALauermaAIIL-31: a new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammationJ Allergy Clin Immunol2006117241141716461142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AraiITsujiMTakedaHAkiyamaNSaitoSA single dose of interleukin-31 (IL-31) causes continuous itch-associated scratching behaviour in miceExp Dermatol2013221066967124079740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BobkoSZeidlerCOsadaNIntraepidermal nerve fibre density is decreased in lesional and Inter-lesional prurigo nodularis and reconstitutes on healing of lesionsActa Derm Venereol201696340440626338533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoeijmakersJGFaberCGLauriaGMerkiesISWaxmanSGSmall-fibre neuropathies – advances in diagnosis, pathophysiology and managementNat Rev Neurol20128736937922641108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LauriaGHsiehSTJohanssonOEuropean Federation of neurological Societies/Peripheral nerve Society guideline on the use of skin biopsy in the diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy. Report of a joint Task Force of the European Federation of Neurological societies and the peripheral nerve SocietyEur J Neurol2010177903e49e944-90920642627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HollandNRCrawfordTOHauerPCornblathDRGriffinJWMcarthurJCSmall-fiber sensory neuropathies: clinical course and neuropathology of idiopathic casesAnn Neurol199844147599667592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GorsonKCHerrmannDNThiagarajanRNon-length dependent small fibre neuropathy/ganglionopathyJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry200879216316917911181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenbergJMHarrellCRisticHWernerRAde RosayroAMThe effect of gabapentin on neuropathic painClin J Pain19971332512559303258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoTWBackonjaMMaJLeibenspergerHFromanSPolydefkisMEfficient assessment of neuropathic pain drugs in patients with small fiber sensory neuropathiesPain20091411-2192419013718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenstockJTuchmanMLamoreauxLSharmaUPregabalin for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trialPain2004110362863815288403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ForstTPohlmannTKuntTThe influence of local capsaicin treatment on small nerve fibre function and neurovascular control in symptomatic diabetic neuropathyActa Diabetol20023911612043933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GencoglanGInanirIGunduzKTherapeutic Hotline: treatment of Prurigo nodularis and lichen simplex chronicus with gabapentinDermatol Ther201023219419820415827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MazzaMGuerrieroGMaranoGJaniriLBriaPMazzaSTreatment of Prurigo nodularis with pregabalinJ Clin Pharm Ther2013381161823013514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DevigiliGTugnoliVPenzaPThe diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathologyBrain2008131Pt 71912192518524793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PereiraMPPogatzki-ZahnESnelsCThere is no functional small-fibre neuropathy in prurigo nodularis despite neuroanatomical alterationsExp Dermatol2017261096997128370394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KondaDChandrashekarLRajappaMKattimaniSThappaDMAnanthanarayananPHSerotonin and interleukin-6: association with pruritus severity, sleep quality and depression severity in prurigo nodularisAsian J Psychiatr201517242826277226
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• StänderSZeidlerCAugustinMS2k Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pruritus – update – short versionJ Dtsch Dermatol Ges2017158860872
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RichardsRNUpdate on intralesional steroid: focus on dermatosesJ Cutan Med Surg2010141192320128986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WaldingerTPWongRCTaylorWBVoorheesJJCryotherapy improves prurigo nodularisArch Dermatol198412012159816006508332
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• StollDMFieldsJPKingLETreatment of Prurigo nodularis: use of cryosurgery and intralesional steroids plus lidocaineJ Dermatol Surg Oncol19839119229246630706
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BrenninkmeijerEESpulsPILindeboomRvan der WalACBosJDWolkerstorferAExcimer laser vs. clobetasol propionate 0·05% ointment in prurigo form of atopic dermatitis: a randomized controlled trial, a pilotBr J Dermatol2010163482383120491772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaracenoRChiricozziANisticòSPTibertiSChimentiSAn occlusive dressing containing betamethasone valerate 0.1% for the treatment of prurigo nodularisJ Dermatolog Treat201021636336620536273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-BatawyMMBosseilaMAMashalyHMHafezVSTopical calcineurin inhibitors in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysisJ Dermatol Sci2009542768719303745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SiepmannDLottsTBlomeCEvaluation of the antipruritic effects of topical pimecrolimus in non-atopic prurigo nodularis: results of a randomized, hydrocortisone-controlled, double-blind phase II trialDermatology2013227435336024281309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WongSSGohCLDouble-blind, right/left comparison of calcipotriol ointment and betamethasone ointment in the treatment of Prurigo nodularisArch Dermatol2000136680780810871962
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SchulzSMetzMSiepmannDLugerTAMaurerMStänderSAntipruritische Wirksamkeit einer hoch dosierten Antihistamini-katherapie [Antipruritic efficacy of a high-dosage antihistamine therapy. Results of a retrospectively analysed case series]Hautarzt200960756456819430742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShintaniTOhataCKogaHCombination therapy of fexofenadine and montelukast is effective in prurigo nodularis and pemphigoid nodularisDermatol Ther201427313513924102897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HammesSHermannJRoosSOckenfelsHMUVB 308-nm excimer light and Bath PUVA: combination therapy is very effective in the treatment of Prurigo nodularisJ Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol201125779980320946583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WallengrenJSundlerFPhototherapy reduces the number of epidermal and CGRP-positive dermal nerve fibresActa Derm Venereol200484211111515206689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TartarDBhutaniTHuynhMBergerTKooJUpdate on the immunological mechanism of action behind phototherapyJ Drugs Dermatol201413556456824809879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamagawa-MineokaRKatohNUedaEKishimotoSNarrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy in patients with recalcitrant nodular prurigoJ Dermatol2007341069169517908139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BruniECaccialanzaMPiccinnoRPhototherapy of generalized prurigo nodularisClin Exp Dermatol201035554955019886961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SorensonELevinEKooJBergerTGSuccessful use of a modified Goeckerman regimen in the treatment of generalized prurigo nodularisJ Am Acad Dermatol2015721e40e4225497953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PaghdalKVSchwartzRATopical TAR: back to the futureJ Am Acad Dermatol200961229430219185953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WizniaLECallahanSWCohenDEOrlowSJRapid improvement of Prurigo nodularis with cyclosporine treatmentJ Am Acad Dermatol20187861209121129438756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SpringPGschwindIGillietMPrurigo nodularis: retrospective study of 13 cases managed with methotrexateClin Exp Dermatol201439446847324825138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KlejtmanTBeylot-BarryMJolyPTreatment of prurigo with methotrexate: a multicentre retrospective study of 39 casesJ Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol201832343744029055135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LearJTEnglishJSSmithAGNodular prurigo responsive to azathioprineBr J Dermatol199613461151
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuptaRTreatment of Prurigo nodularis with dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapyIndian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol2016822239
   Google Scholar
• HalvorsenJAAasebøWOral tacrolimus treatment of pruritus in prurigo nodularisActa Derm Venereol201595786686725804254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FeldmeyerLWernerSKamarashevJFrenchLEHofbauerGFAtopic prurigo nodularis responds to intravenous immunoglobulinsBr J Dermatol2012166246146221910702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SharmaDKwatraSGThalidomide for the treatment of chronic refractory pruritusJ Am Acad Dermatol201674236336926577510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenMDohertySDHsuSInnovative uses of thalidomideDermatol Clin201028357758620510766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersenTPFoghKThalidomide in 42 patients with prurigo nodularis HydeDermatology2011223210711221952556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KanavyHBahnerJKormanNJTreatment of refractory prurigo nodularis with lenalidomideArch Dermatol2012148779479622801610
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LimVMMarandaELPatelVSimmonsBJJimenezJJA review of the efficacy of thalidomide and lenalidomide in the treatment of refractory prurigo nodularisDermatol Ther201663397411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiuHGaspariAASchleichertRUse of lenalidomide in treating refractory prurigo nodularisJ Drugs Dermatol201312336036123545923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PhanNQLottsTAntalABernhardJDStänderSSystemic kappa opioid receptor agonists in the treatment of chronic pruritus: a literature reviewActa Derm Venereol201292555556022504709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeJShinJUNohSParkCOLeeKHClinical efficacy and safety of naltrexone combination therapy in older patients with severe pruritusAnn Dermatol201628215916327081261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DawnAGYosipovitchGButorphanol for treatment of intractable pruritusJ Am Acad Dermatol200654352753116488311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DevaneCLSubstance P: a new era, a new rolePharmacotherapy20012191061106911560196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MetzMKrullCHawroTSubstance P is upregulated in the serum of patients with chronic spontaneous urticariaJ Invest Dermatol2014134112833283624844859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OhanyanTSchoepkeNEirefeltSRole of substance P and its receptor neurokinin 1 in chronic prurigo: a randomized, proof-of-concept, controlled trial with topical aprepitantActa Derm Venereol2018981263128853492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StänderSKwonPLugerTARandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial of serlopitant effects on multiple measures of pruritus in patients with prurigo nodularisPaper presented at: 9th World Congress on ItchOctober 15–17, 2017Wroclaw
   Google Scholar
• CornelissenCLüscher-FirzlaffJBaronJMLüscherBSignaling by IL-31 and functional consequencesEur J Cell Biol2012916–755256621982586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BağciISRuzickaTIL-31: A new key player in dermatology and beyondJ Allergy Clin Immunol2018141385886629366565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RuzickaTHanifinJMFurueMAnti-Interleukin-31 receptor A antibody for atopic dermatitisN Engl J Med2017376982683528249150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar