Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides: Current Guidance and Experience from Clinical Practice

References

• Willemze R, Jaffe ES, Burg G, et al. WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Blood. 2005;105(10):3768–3785. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-09-3502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016;127(20):2375–2390. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-01-643569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieser I, Wang C, Alberti-Violetti S, et al. Clinical characteristics, risk factors and long-term outcome of 114 patients with folliculotropic mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol Res. 2017;309(6):453–459. doi:10.1007/s00403-017-1744-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodak E, Amitay-Laish I, Atzmony L, et al. New insights into folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF): a single-center experience. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(2):347–355. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Santen S, van Doorn R, Neelis KJ, et al. Recommendations for treatment in folliculotropic mycosis fungoides: report of the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(1):223–228. doi:10.1111/bjd.15355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter O, Amitay-Laish I, Oren-Shabtai M, Feinmesser M, Ben-Amitai D, Hodak E. Paediatric mycosis fungoides - characteristics, management and outcomes with particular focus on the folliculotropic variant [published correction appears in J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022 Jul;36(7):1143]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(5):671–679. doi:10.1111/jdv.17971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimshak S, Dai C, Comfere N, Sokumbi O. Characterization of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma following solid organ transplantation. Int J Dermatol. 2022. doi:10.1111/ijd.16300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roccuzzo G, Giordano S, Fava P, et al. Immune check point inhibitors in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: biologic rationale, clinical results and future perspectives. Front Oncol. 2021;11:733770. doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.733770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trautinger F, Eder J, Assaf C, et al. European organisation for research and treatment of cancer consensus recommendations for the treatment of mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome - Update 2017. Eur J Cancer. 2017;77:57–74. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2017.02.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willemze R, Hodak E, Zinzani PL, Specht L, Ladetto M; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Primary cutaneous lymphomas: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:iv30–40. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta-Shah N, Horwitz SM, Ansell S, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: primary cutaneous lymphomas, Version 2.2020. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2020;18(5):522–536. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2020.0022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cariti C, Quaglino P, Lupia T, et al. Infections in Sézary syndrome: a retrospective cohort study of 113 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;86(4):943–946. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2021.03.079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Masson A, Guitera P, Brice P, et al. Long- term efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in advanced primary cutaneous T- cell lym- phomas. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(3):720–724. doi:10.1111/bjd.12690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince HM, Kim YH, Horwitz SM, et al. Brentuximab vedotin or physician’s choice in CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ALCANZA): an international, open- label, randomised, phase 3, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10094):555–566. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31266-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YH, Bagot M, Pinter-Brown L, et al. Mogamulizumab versus vorinostat in previously treated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (MAVORIC): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(9):1192–1204. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30379-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duvic M, Talpur R, Ni X, et al. Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Blood. 2007;109(1):31–39. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-06-025999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quaglino P, Prince HM, Cowan R, et al. Treatment of early-stage mycosis fungoides: results from the PROspective Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (PROCLIPI) study [published correction appears in Br J Dermatol. 2021 Sep;185(3):685]. Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(4):722–730. doi:10.1111/bjd.19252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charli-Joseph Y, Kashani-Sabet M, McCalmont TH, et al. Association of a proposed new staging system for folliculotropic mycosis fungoides with prognostic variables in a US cohort. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157(2):157–165. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.4372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Quality assessment tool for case series studies; 2020. Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-pro/guidelines/in-develop/cardiovascular-risk-reduction/tools/case_series. Accessed August 30, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Kinsella FA, Amel Kashipaz MR, Scarisbrick J, Malladi R. Donor-derived mycosis fungoides following reduced intensity haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a matched unrelated donor. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2016216331. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-216331
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fujimura T, Furudate S, Tanita K, et al. Successful treatment of relapsed folliculotropic mycosis fungoides with mogamulizumab followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy. J Dermatol. 2018;45(4):e84–e85. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.14111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Xue R, Wang W, Chen Y. Low-dose methotrexate combined with superficial X-ray in the treatment of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides: a case report. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2017;83(6):710–713. doi:10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_1077_16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacArthur KM, Jariwala N, Kim EJ, Rook AH. Topical carmustine as monotherapy or as multimodality therapy for folliculotropic mycosis fungoides. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(3):373–374. doi:10.2340/00015555-2551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amitay-Laish I, Prag-Naveh H, Dalal A, Pavlovsky L, Feinmesser M, Hodak E. Treatment of early folliculotropic mycosis fungoides with special focus on psoralen plus ultraviolet A. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018;98(10):951–955. doi:10.2340/00015555-3013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boix-Vilanova J, Corral-Magaña O, Martin-Santiago A, Escalas J. Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides in a pediatric patient with response to psoralen-ultraviolet A phototherapy. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2019;35(1):54–56. doi:10.1111/phpp.12414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang RF, Sokumbi O, Chiu YE. Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides in a pediatric patient mimicking black dot tinea capitis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(3):386–387. doi:10.1111/pde.13768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caccavale S, Vitiello P, Franco R, et al. Dermoscopic characterization of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides selectively localized on trunk and limbs. Int J Dermatol. 2019;58(10):e187–e189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doerschner M, Pekar-Lukacs A, Messerli-Odermatt O, et al. Interferon alfa-2a maintenance after salvage autologous stem cell transplantation in atypical mycosis fungoides with central nervous system involvement. Br J Dermatol. 2019;181(6):1296–1302. doi:10.1111/bjd.17535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamijo H, Sugaya M. Two distinct variants of mycosis fungoides (MF): folliculotropic MF and erythrodermic MF. J Dermatol. 2019;46(12):1136–1140. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.15114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurihara K, Shimauchi T, Kasuya A, Yatagai T, Ito T, Tokura Y. Multiple facial plaques of diffuse plane xanthoma arising from regressed tumours of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021;46(2):358–360. doi:10.1111/ced.14387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valencia Ocampo OJ, Julio L, Zapata V, et al. Mycosis fungoides in children and adolescents: a series of 23 cases. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111(2):149–156. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2019.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laggis CW, Lamb A, Secrest AM, et al. Favourable outcomes in folliculotropic mycosis fungoides after multimodality treatment in a single institution. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(1):e42–e45. doi:10.1111/jdv.16790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxford centre for evidence-based medicine 2011 levels of evidence; 2011. Available from: http://www.cebm.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-2.1.pdf. Accessed August 30, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Roccuzzo G, Fava P, Avallone G, et al. Time to next treatment and safety assessment in cutaneous-T-cell lymphomas: a retrospective analysis on patients treated with bexarotene and Acitretin [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jul 13]. Br J Dermatol. 2022. doi:10.1111/bjd.21772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navi D, Riaz N, Levin YS, Sullivan NC, Kim YH, Hoppe RT. The Stanford University experience with conventional-dose, total skin electron-beam therapy in the treatment of generalized patch or plaque (T2) and tumor (T3) mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(5):561–567. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2011.98
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirotsu KE, Neal TM, Khodadoust MS, et al. Clinical characterization of mogamulizumab-associated rash during treatment of mycosis fungoides or sézary syndrome. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157(6):700–707. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.0877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roccuzzo G, Cavallo F, Avallone G, et al. Guttate psoriasis in a patient with mycosis fungoides in treatment with Brentuximab vedotin: an unreported association. Dermatol Ther. 2022;35(4):e15309. doi:10.1111/dth.15309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen EA, Whittaker S, Kim YH, et al. Clinical end points and response criteria in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: a consensus statement of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas, the United States Cutaneous Lymphoma Consortium, and the Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(18):2598–2607. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.32.0630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo G, Pileri A, Starace M, et al. Clinical and trichoscopic features in 18 cases of Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides with scalp involvement. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):10555. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90168-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomasini C, Kempf W, Novelli M, et al. Spiky follicular mycosis fungoides: a clinicopathologic study of 8 cases. J Cutan Pathol. 2015;42(3):164–172. PMID: 25355400. doi:10.1111/cup.12399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsayad K, Rolf D, Sunderkötter C, et al. Low-dose total skin electron beam therapy plus oral bexarotene maintenance therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2022;20(3):279–285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsayad K, Kroeger K, Greve B, et al. Low-dose total skin electron beam therapy: quality of life improvement and clinical impact of maintenance and adjuvant treatment in patients with mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome. Niedrigdosis-Ganzhautelektronenbestrahlung: verbesserung der Lebensqualität und klinische Auswirkungen der Erhaltungstherapie bei Patienten mit Mycosis fungoides oder Sézary-Syndrom. Strahlenther Onkol. 2020;196(1):77–84. doi:10.1007/s00066-019-01517-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.
   Google Scholar