CD133, but Not CD44, May Serve as a Novel Biomarker for Differential Diagnosis Between Basal Cell Carcinoma and Trichoblastomas

References

• Lai V, Cranwell W, Sinclair R. Epidemiology of skin cancer in the mature patient. Clin Dermatol. 2018;36(2):167–176. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flohil SC, Seubring I, van Rossum MM, Coebergh JW, de Vries E, Nijsten T. Trends in basal cell carcinoma incidence rates: a 37-year Dutch observational study. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(4):913–918. doi:10.1038/jid.2012.431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch-Johansen F, Jensen A, Mortensen L, Olesen AB, Kjær SK. Trends in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Denmark 1978–2007: rapid incidence increase among young Danish women. Int J Cancer. 2010;127(9):2190–2198. doi:10.1002/ijc.25411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoorens I, Vossaert K, Ongenae K, Brochez L. Is early detection of basal cell carcinoma worthwhile? Systematic review based on the WHO criteria for screening. Br J Dermatol. 2016;174(6):1258–1265. doi:10.1111/bjd.14477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patalay R. Which method is better for the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: biopsy vs. reflectance confocal microscopy? Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(4):590. doi:10.1111/bjd.19571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazzato G, Cimmino A, Colagrande A, et al. The multiple faces of nodular trichoblastoma: review of the literature with case presentation. Dermatopathology. 2021;8(3):265–270. doi:10.3390/dermatopathology8030032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evangelista MT, North JP. Comparative analysis of cytokeratin 15, TDAG51, cytokeratin 20 and androgen receptor in sclerosing adnexal neoplasms and variants of basal cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2015;42(11):824–831. doi:10.1111/cup.12546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tebcherani AJ, de Andrade HF Jr, Sotto MN. Diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma: evaluation using tissue microarray samples. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(10):1345–1353. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellheyer K, Nelson P, Kutzner H, Patel RM. The immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of microcystic adnexal carcinoma, desmoplastic trichoepithelioma and morpheaform basal cell carcinoma using BerEP4 and stem cell markers. J Cutan Pathol. 2013;40(4):363–370. doi:10.1111/cup.12085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanoszek LM, Wang GY, Harms PW. Histologic mimics of basal cell carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017;141(11):1490–1502. doi:10.5858/arpa.2017-0222-RA
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YC, Yeh CT, Lin KH. Cancer stem cell functions in hepatocellular carcinoma and comprehensive therapeutic strategies. Cells. 2020;9(6):1331. doi:10.3390/cells9061331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Flaherty JD, Barr M, Fennell D, et al. The cancer stem-cell hypothesis: its emerging role in lung cancer biology and its relevance for future therapy. J Thorac Oncol. 2012;7(12):1880–1890. doi:10.1097/JTO.0b013e31826bfbc6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razmi M, Ghods R, Vafaei S, Sahlolbei M, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Madjd Z. Clinical and prognostic significances of cancer stem cell markers in gastric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int. 2021;21(1):139. doi:10.1186/s12935-021-01840-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu SS, Cirillo N. The molecular markers of cancer stem cells in head and neck tumors. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235(1):65–73. doi:10.1002/jcp.28963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokuryo T, Yokoyama Y, Nagino M. Recent advances in cancer stem cell research for cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2012;19(6):606–613. doi:10.1007/s00534-012-0542-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse GM, Tan PH, Ma TK, Gilks CB, Poon CS, Law BK. CD44s is useful in the differentiation of benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58(11):1185–1188. doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.026906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CH, Liu CH, Wen CH, Ko PL, Chai CY. Differential CD133 expression distinguishes malignant from benign papillary lesions of the breast. Virchows Arch. 2015;466(2):177–184. doi:10.1007/s00428-014-1695-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milosevic M, Lazarevic M, Toljic B, et al. Characterization of stem-like cancer cells in basal cell carcinoma and its surgical margins. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27(10):1160–1165. doi:10.1111/exd.13755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabet MN, Rakhshan A, Erfani E, Madjd Z. Co-expression of putative cancer stem cell markers, CD133 and Nestin, in skin tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(19):8161–8169. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8161
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erfani E, Roudi R, Rakhshan A, Sabet MN, Shariftabrizi A, Madjd Z. Comparative expression analysis of putative cancer stem cell markers CD44 and ALDH1A1 in various skin cancer subtypes. Int J Biol Markers. 2016;31(1):e53–61. doi:10.5301/jbm.5000165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madjd Z, Erfani E, Gheytanchi E, Moradi-Lakeh M, Shariftabrizi A, Asadi-Lari M. Expression of CD133 cancer stem cell marker in melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers. 2016;31(2):e118–125. doi:10.5301/jbm.5000209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang SG, Kim CH, Kim SK, Choi BR, Cho MK. Expression of CD133, CD24, CD44 in cutaneous malignant tumors. Korean J Dermatol. 2008;46(6):742–748.
   Google Scholar
• Xu R, Cai MY, Luo RZ, Tian X, Han JD, Chen MK. The expression status and prognostic value of cancer stem cell biomarker CD133 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(3):305–311. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.3781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder DE, Scolyer RA, Willemze R. WHO Classification of Skin Tumours. 4th ed. International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Senbanjo LT, Chellaiah MA. CD44: a multifunctional cell surface adhesion receptor is a regulator of progression and metastasis of cancer cells. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2017;5:18. doi:10.3389/fcell.2017.00018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glumac PM, LeBeau AM. The role of CD133 in cancer: a concise review. Clin Transl Med. 2018;7(1):18. doi:10.1186/s40169-018-0198-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker RA. Quantification of immunohistochemistry–issues concerning methods, utility and semiquantitative assessment I. Histopathology. 2006;49(4):406–410. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02514.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor CR, Levenson RM. Quantification of immunohistochemistry–issues concerning methods, utility and semiquantitative assessment II. Histopathology. 2006;49(4):411–424. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02513.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar