190
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Updated Perspectives on the Management of Multiple Myeloma in Older Patients: Focus on Lenalidomide

& ORCID Icon
Pages 619-633 | Published online: 04 May 2020

References

  • Turesson I, Velez R, Kristinsson SY, Landgren O. Patterns of multiple myeloma during the past 5 decades: stable incidence rates for all age groups in the population but rapidly changing age distribution in the clinic. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2010;85(3):225–230. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0426
  • Costa LJ, Brill IK, Omel J, et al. Recent trends in multiple myeloma incidence and survival by age, race, and ethnicity in the United States. Blood Adv. 2017;1(4):282–287. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.201600249329296944
  • Smith BD, Smith GL, Hurria A, et al. Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation. JCO. 2009;27(17):2758–2765. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.20.8983
  • Warren JL, Harlan LC, Stevens J, Little RF, Abel GA. Multiple myeloma treatment transformed: a population-based study of changes in initial management approaches in the United States. JCO. 2013;31(16):1984–1989. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.46.3323
  • Rosko A, Giralt S, Mateos M-V, Dispenzieri A. Myeloma in Elderly Patients: when Less Is More and More Is More. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2017;37(37):575–585. doi:10.14694/EDBK_17517128561667
  • Kumar SK, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, et al. Continued improvement in survival in multiple myeloma: changes in early mortality and outcomes in older patients. Leukemia. 2014;28(5):1122–1128. doi:10.1038/leu.2013.31324157580
  • Child JA, Morgan GJ, Davies FE, et al. High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(19):1875–1883. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa02234012736280
  • Attal M, Harousseau J-L, Stoppa A-M, et al. A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(2):91–97. doi:10.1056/NEJM1996071133502048649495
  • Gay F, Engelhardt M, Terpos E, et al. From transplant to novel cellular therapies in multiple myeloma: european Myeloma Network guidelines and future perspectives. Haematologica. 2018;103(2):197. doi:10.3324/haematol.2017.17457329217780
  • Wildes TM, Tuchman SA, Klepin HD, et al. Geriatric assessment in older adults with multiple myeloma. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(5):987–991. doi:10.1111/jgs.2019.67.issue-530548581
  • Auner HW, Szydlo R, Hoek J, et al. Trends in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in Europe: increased use and improved outcomes in elderly patients in recent years. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2015;50(2):209–215. doi:10.1038/bmt.2014.25525387088
  • Munshi PN, Hari P, Vesole DH, et al. Breaking the glass ceiling of age in transplant in multiple myeloma. Oral presentation at: American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting; 12 9, 2019; Orlando, FL.
  • Blommestein HM, van Beurden-tan CHY, Franken MG, et al. Efficacy of first-line treatments for multiple myeloma patients not eligible for stem cell transplantation: a network meta-analysis. Haematologica. 2019;104(5):1026. doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.20691230606791
  • Rehman W, Arfons LM, Lazarus HM. The rise, fall and subsequent triumph of thalidomide: lessons learned in drug development. Ther Adv Hematol. 2011;2(5):291–308. doi:10.1177/204062071141316523556097
  • Kotla V, Goel S, Nischal S, et al. Mechanism of action of lenalidomide in hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol. 2009;2(1):36. doi:10.1186/1756-8722-2-3619674465
  • Syed YY. Lenalidomide: a review in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma as maintenance therapy after ASCT. Drugs. 2017;77(13):1473–1480. doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0795-028791622
  • Palumbo A, Falco P, Corradini P, et al. Melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed myeloma: a report from the GIMEMA—Italian multiple myeloma network. JCO. 2007;25(28):4459–4465. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.12.3463
  • McCarthy PL, Owzar K, Hofmeister CC, et al. Lenalidomide after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(19):1770–1781. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa111408322571201
  • Attal M, Lauwers-cances V, Marit G, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(19):1782–1791. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa111413822571202
  • Palumbo A, Hajek R, Delforge M, et al. Continuous lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(19):1759–1769. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa111270422571200
  • Stewart AK, Jacobus S, Fonseca R, et al. Melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide vs melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide (ECOG E1A06) in untreated multiple myeloma. Blood. 2015;126(11):1294–1301. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-12-61392726157076
  • Zweegman S, van der Holt B, Mellqvist U-H, et al. Melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide versus melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide in untreated multiple myeloma. Blood. 2016;127(9):1109–1116. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-11-67941526802176
  • Zonder JA, Crowley J, Hussein MA, et al. Lenalidomide and high-dose dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone as initial therapy for multiple myeloma: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group trial (S0232). Blood. 2010;116(26):5838–5841. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-08-30348720876454
  • Rajkumar SV, Jacobus S, Callander NS, et al. Lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(1):29–37. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70284-019853510
  • Benboubker L, Dimopoulos MA, Dispenzieri A, et al. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible patients with myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(10):906–917. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa140255125184863
  • Facon T, Dimopoulos MA, Dispenzieri A, et al. Final analysis of survival outcomes in the phase 3 FIRST trial of up-front treatment for multiple myeloma. Blood. 2018;131(3):301–310. doi:10.1182/blood-2017-07-79504729150421
  • Magarotto V, Bringhen S, Offidani M, et al. Triplet vs doublet lenalidomide-containing regimens for the treatment of elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood. 2016;127(9):1102–1108. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-08-66262726729895
  • Larocca A, Salvini M, De Paoli L, et al. Efficacy and feasibility of dose/schedule-adjusted Rd-R vs. continuous Rd in elderly and intermediate-fit newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) Patients: RV-MM-PI-0752 Phase III randomized study. Blood. 2018;132(Supplement 1):305. doi:10.1182/blood-2018-99-111796
  • Summary of opinion (post authorisation): Revlimid. European Medicines Agency. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/smop/chmp-post-authorisation-summary-positive-opinion-revlimid_en.pdf. Accessed 2 17, 2020..
  • Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for previously untreated multiple myeloma. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta587/documents/final-appraisal-determination-document. Accessed 2 17, 2020.
  • Schey S, Montero LFC, Stengel-tosetti C, Gibson CJ, Dhanasiri S. The cost impact of lenalidomide for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in the EU5. Oncol Ther. 2017;5(1):31–40. doi:10.1007/s40487-016-0037-828680953
  • Quach H, Fernyhough L, Henderson R, et al. Upfront lower dose lenalidomide is less toxic and does not compromise efficacy for vulnerable patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma: final analysis of the Phase II RevLite study. Br J Haematol. 2017;177(3):441–448. doi:10.1111/bjh.2017.177.issue-328197996
  • Nakaya A, Fujita S, Satake A, et al. Realistic lenalidomide dose adjustment strategy for transplant-ineligible elderly patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: japanese real-world experience. Acta Haematol. 2017;138(1):55–60. doi:10.1159/00047779228728162
  • Durie BGM, Hoering A, Abidi MH, et al. Bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma without intent for immediate autologous stem-cell transplant (SWOG S0777): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2017;389(10068):519–527. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31594-X
  • O’donnell EK, Laubach JP, Yee AJ, et al. A phase 2 study of modified lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2018;182(2):222–230. doi:10.1111/bjh.2018.182.issue-229740809
  • Facon T, Kumar S, Plesner T, et al. Daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone for untreated myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(22):2104–2115. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa181724931141632
  • Zweegman S, Usmani SZ, Chastain K, et al. Bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd) ± daratumumab (DARA) in patients (pts) with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) for whom transplant is not planned as initial therapy: A multicenter, randomized, phase III study (CEPHEUS). JCO. 2019;37(15_suppl):TPS8056–TPS8056. doi:10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.TPS8056CEPHEUS
  • Dimopoulos M, Spencer A, Attal M, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(21):2123–2132. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa07059418032762
  • Knight R, DeLap RJ, Zeldis JB, et al. Lenalidomide and venous thrombosis in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2079–2080.
  • Rajkumar SV, Blood E. Lenalidomide and venous thrombosis in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2079–2080.
  • National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. Multiple Myeloma (Version 2.2020). https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/myeloma.pdf. Accessed 11 8, 2019.
  • Sanfilippo KM, Luo S, Wang T-F, et al. Predicting venous thromboembolism in multiple myeloma: development and validation of the IMPEDE VTE score. Am J Hematol. 2019;94(11):1176–1184. doi:10.1002/ajh.v94.1131379000
  • Covut F, Ahmed R, Samaras CJ, et al. External validation of the impede VTE risk score in newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients. Poster presented at: American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting; 12 8, 2019; Orlando, FL.
  • Revlimid package insert. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021880s034lbl.pdf. Accessed 11 8, 2019.
  • Reece D, Kouroukis CT, Leblanc R, et al. Practical approaches to the use of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma: a canadian consensus. Adv Hematol. 2012;2012:621958.23097669
  • Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Kumar SK, et al. Second primary malignancies with lenalidomide therapy for newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(3):333–342. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70609-024525202
  • Dimopoulos MA, Richardson PG, Brandenburg N, et al. A review of second primary malignancy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. Blood. 2012;119(12):2764–2767. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-08-37351422323483
  • Wildes TM, Campagnaro E. Management of multiple myeloma in older adults: gaining ground with geriatric assessment. J Geriatr Oncol. 2017;8(1):1–7. doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2016.04.00127118356
  • Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Mateos M-V, et al. Geriatric assessment predicts survival and toxicities in elderly myeloma patients: an International Myeloma Working Group report. Blood. 2015;125(13):2068–2074. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-12-61518725628469
  • Engelhardt M, Dold SM, Ihorst G, et al. Geriatric assessment in multiple myeloma patients: validation of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) score and comparison with other common comorbidity scores. Haematologica. 2016;101(9):1110. doi:10.3324/haematol.2016.14818927479825
  • Facon T, Dimopoulos MA, Meuleman N, et al. A simplified frailty scale predicts outcomes in transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated in the FIRST (MM-020) trial. Leukemia. 2020;34(1):224–233. doi:10.1038/s41375-019-0539-031427722
  • Cook G, Royle K-L, Pawlyn C, et al. A clinical prediction model for outcome and therapy delivery in transplant-ineligible patients with myeloma (UK myeloma research alliance risk profile): a development and validation study. The Lancet Haematol. 2019;6(3):e154–e166. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30220-530738834
  • Nathwani N, Kurtin SE, Lipe B, et al. Integrating touchscreen-based geriatric assessment and frailty screening for adults with multiple myeloma to drive personalized treatment decisions. JOP. 2019:JOP.19.00208. doi:10.1200/JOP.19.00208.
  • Mateos M-V, Dimopoulos MA, Cavo M, et al. Daratumumab plus bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone for untreated myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2017;378(6):518–528. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa171467829231133
  • ASCO Post Staff. FDA approves daratumumab/VMP combination for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. The ASCO Post May 25. 2018 https://www.ascopost.com/issues/may-25-2018/fda-approves-daratumumab-vmp-combination/. Accessed 1119, 2019.
  • Mateos M-V, Cavo M, Blade J, et al. Overall survival with daratumumab, bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (ALCYONE): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2020;395(10218):132–141. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32956-3
  • Mina R, Bringhen S, Wildes TM, Zweegman S, Rosko AE, Approach to the older adult with multiple myeloma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2019;39:500–518. doi:10.1200/EDBK_23906731099676