Atypical Ulcers: Diagnosis and Management

References

• Martinengo L, Olsson M, Bajpai R, et al. Prevalence of chronic wounds in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Epidemiol. 2019;29:8–15. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.00530497932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carman TL, Al-Omari A. Evaluation and management of chronic venous disease using the foundation of CEAP. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019;21(10):114. doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1201-131471728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer N, Foman NA, MacDonald R, et al. Advanced wound care therapies for nonhealing diabetic, venous, and arterial ulcers: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(8):532–542. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-0000624126647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulton AJ. Diabetic neuropathy and foot complications. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;126:97–107.25410217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jaul E. Assessment and management of pressure ulcers in the elderly: current strategies. Drugs Aging. 2010;27(4):311–325. doi:10.2165/11318340-000000000-0000020359262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofman MD. Atypical ulcers. Dermatol Ther. 2013;26:222–223. doi:10.1111/dth.1204823742283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelling ML, Federman DG, Kirsner RS. Clinical approach to atypical wounds with a new model for understanding hypertensive ulcers. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146:1026–1029. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2010.21320855705
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Isoherranen K, O’Brien JJ, Barker J, et al. Atypical wounds. Best clinical practice and challenges. J Wound Care. 2019;28(Sup6):S1–S92. doi:10.12968/jowc.2019.28.Sup6.S1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanmugam VK, Angra D, Rahimi H, et al. Vasculitic and autoimmune wounds. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(2):280–292. doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.09.00628214498
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martinez-Mera C, Fraga J, Capusan TM, et al. Vasculopathies, cutaneous necrosis and emergency in dermatology. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2017;152(6):615–637.28845953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linares MA, Zakaria A, Nizran P. Skin cancer. Prim Care. 2015;42(4):645–659. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.07.00626612377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussein MR. Skin metastasis: a pathologist’s perspective. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37(9):e1–e20. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01469.x19922483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trent JT, Kirsner RS. Wounds and malignancy. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2003;16(1):31–34. doi:10.1097/00129334-200301000-0001412582304
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bazaliński D, Przybek-Mita J, Barańska B, et al. Marjolin’s ulcer in chronic wounds - review of available literature. Contemp Oncol. 2017;21(3):197–202.
   Google Scholar
• Delaney KM, Axelrod KC, Buscetta A, et al. Leg ulcers in sickle cell disease: current patterns and practices. Hemoglobin. 2013;37(4):325–332. doi:10.3109/03630269.2013.78996823600469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toutous Trellu L, Nkemenang P, Comte E, et al. Differential diagnosis of skin ulcers in a mycobacterium ulcerans endemic area: data from a prospective study in Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(4):e0004385. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.000438527074157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clebak KT, Malone MA. Skin infections. Prim Care. 2018;45(3):433–454. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2018.05.00430115333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oranges T, Janowska A, Tonini A, et al. Necrotoxic spider bite: a successful noninvasive wound management. Int J Dermatol. 2019;58(7):e128–e130. doi:10.1111/ijd.2019.58.issue-730578536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quattrone F, Dini V, Barbanera S, et al. Cutaneous ulcers associated with hydroxyurea therapy. J Tissue Viability. 2013;22(4):112–121. doi:10.1016/j.jtv.2013.08.00224050921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onesti MG, Fioramonti P, Fino P, et al. Skin ulcer caused by venous extravasation of heroin. Int Wound J. 2014;11(4):409–411. doi:10.1111/iwj.2014.11.issue-423107007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer AJ, Tassiopoulos A, Kirsner RS. Evaluation and management of lower-extremity ulcers. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(16):1559–1567. doi:10.1056/NEJMra161524329045216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson P, Rodins K. Improving diagnostic accuracy of skin biopsies. Aust J Gen Pract. 2018;47(4):216–220. doi:10.31128/AJGP29621863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elston DM, Stratman EJ, Miller SJ. Skin biopsy: biopsy issues in specific diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(1):1–16. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.03326702794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang JC, Vivas A, Rey A, et al. Atypical ulcers: wound biopsy results from a university wound pathology service FEFF. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2012;58(6):20–2, 24, 26–29.
   Google Scholar
• Patel S, Maheshwari A, Chandra A. Biomarkers for wound healing and their evaluation. J Wound Care. 2016;25(1):46–55. doi:10.12968/jowc.2016.25.1.4626762498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compton LA, Murphy GF, Lian CG. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry in cutaneous neoplasia: an update. Dermatopathology (Basel). 2015;2(1):15–42. doi:10.1159/00037769827047932
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kain R. Histopathology. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1508:185–193.27837504
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shavit E, Alavi A, Sibbald RG. Vasculitis-what do we have to know? A review of literature. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2018;17(4):218–226. doi:10.1177/153473461880498230501545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riyaz N, Mary V, Sasidharanpillai S, et al. Pyoderma gangrenosum: a clinico-epidemiological study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2017;83(1):33–39. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.18865427549869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilcher M. Wound cleansing: a key player in the implementation of the TIME paradigm. J Wound Care. 2016;25(3 Suppl):S7–S9. doi:10.12968/jowc.2016.25.Sup3.S726949864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz GS, Sibbald RG, Falanga V, et al. Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management. Wound Repair Regen. 2003;11(Suppl 1):S1–S28. [ Review]. doi:10.1046/j.1524-475X.11.s2.1.x12654015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boateng J, Catanzano O. Advanced therapeutic dressings for effective wound healing–A review. J Pharm Sci. 2015;104(11):3653–3680. doi:10.1002/jps.2461026308473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beiteke U, Bigge S, Reichenberger C, et al. Pain and pain management in dermatology. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2015;13(10):967–987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adderley UJ, Holt IG. Topical agents and dressings for fungating wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;15(5):CD003948.
   Google Scholar
• González del Castillo J, Isernia V, Candel FJ, Martín-Sánchez FJ. Approach for initial treatment of skin and soft tissue infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(1):169–171. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu77625296664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minniti CP, Kato GJ. Critical reviews: how we treat sickle cell patients with leg ulcers. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(1):22–30. doi:10.1002/ajh.2413426257201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dissemond J, Hoeft D, Knab J, Franckson T, Kroger K, Goos M. Leg ulcer in a patient associated with hydroxyurea therapy. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45(2):158–160. doi:10.1111/ijd.2006.45.issue-216445510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunderkötter C, Bonsmann G, Sindrilaru A, et al. Management of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2005;16(4):193–206. doi:10.1080/0954663050027797116249140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blättler W, Zimmet SE. Compression therapy in venous disease. Phlebology. 2008;23(5):203–205. doi:10.1258/phleb.2008.08100418806201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dini V, Romanelli M, Bertone M, et al. Improvement of idiopathic pyoderma gangrenosum during treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor alfa monoclonal antibody. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2007;6:108–113. doi:10.1177/153473460730091217558009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar