Cardiac Delirium Index for Predicting the Occurrence of Postoperative Delirium in Adult Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

References

• Pezzella AT, Ferraris VA, Lancey RA. Care of the adult cardiac surgery patient: part I. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41:458–516. doi:10.1016/j.cpsurg.2004.03.00115208570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien SM, Feng L, He X, et al. The society of thoracic surgeons 2018 adult cardiac surgery risk models: part 2-statistical methods and results. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;105:1419–1428. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.03.00329577924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowdish ME, D’Agostino RS, Thourani VH, et al. The society of thoracic surgeons adult cardiac surgery database: 2020 update on outcomes and research. Ann Thorac Surg. 2020;109:1646–1655. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.03.00332247780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Neurocognitive Disorders. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. ISBN 0-89042-555-8. DSM Library; American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim K, McCarthy CP, McCarthy KJ, et al. Delirium in the cardiac intensive care unit. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(4):e008568. doi:10.1161/JAHA.118.00856829453307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPherson JA, Wagner CE, Boehm LM, et al. Delirium in the cardiovascular ICU: exploring modifiable risk factors. Crit Care Med. 2013;41:405–413. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31826ab49b23263581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rengel KF, Pandharipande PP, Hughes CG. Postoperative delirium. Press Medicale. 2018;47:e53–e64. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2018.03.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotfis K, Szylińska A, Listewnik M, et al. Early delirium after cardiac surgery: an analysis of incidence and risk factors in elderly (≥65 years) and very elderly (≥80 years) patients. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:1061–1070. doi:10.2147/CIA.S16690929881262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilotta F, Lauretta MP, Borozdina A, Mizikov VM, Rosa G. Postoperative delirium: risk factors, diagnosis and perioperative care. Minerva Anestesiol. 2013;79:1066–1076.23511351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licker M, Schweizer A, Ellenberger C, Tschopp JM, Diaper J, Clergue F. Perioperative medical management of patients with COPD. Int J COPD. 2007;2:493–515.
   Google Scholar
• Wada H, Miyauchi K, Daida H. Gender differences in the clinical features and outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2019;17:127–133. doi:10.1080/14779072.2019.156127730569774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung JM, Sands LP, Lim E, Tsai LT, Kinjo S. Does preoperative risk for delirium moderate the effects of postoperative pain and opiate use on postoperative delirium? Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013;21:946–956. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.06923659900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zubrzycki M, Liebold A, Skrabal C, et al. Assessment and pathophysiology of pain in cardiac surgery. J Pain Res. 2018;11:1599–1611. doi:10.2147/JPR.S16206730197534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swart LM, van der Zanden V, Spies PE, de Rooij SE, van Munster BC. The comparative risk of delirium with different opioids: a systematic review. Drugs Aging. 2017;34:437–443. doi:10.1007/s40266-017-0455-928405945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph JL, Ramlawi B, Kuchel GA, et al. Chemokines are associated with delirium after cardiac surgery. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:184–189. doi:10.1093/gerona/63.2.18418314455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marra A, Kotfis K, Hosie A, et al. Delirium monitoring: yes or no? That is the question. Am J Crit Care. 2019;28:127–135. doi:10.4037/ajcc201987430824517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marra A, Boehm LM, Kotfis K, Pun BT. Monitoring for delirium in critically ill adults. In: Hughes CG, Pandharipande PP, Ely EW, editors. Delirium: Acute Brain Dysfunction in the Critically Ill. ISBN 978-3-030-25751-4. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020:13–25.
   Google Scholar
• Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2013;41:263–306. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182783b7223269131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue S, Vasilevskis EE, Pandharipande PP, et al. The impact of lymphopenia on delirium in ICU patients. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0126216. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.012621625992641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simone MJ, Tan ZS. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of delirium and dementia in older adults: a review. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011;17:506–513. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00173.x20553303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcantonio ER, Rudolph JL, Culley D, Crosby G, Alsop D, Inouye SK. Serum biomarkers for delirium. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:1281–1286. doi:10.1093/gerona/61.12.128117234821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotfis K, Bott-Olejnik M, Szylińska A, Listewnik M, Rotter I. Characteristics, risk factors and outcome of early-onset delirium in elderly patients with first ever acute ischemic stroke - a prospective observational cohort study. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1771–1782. doi:10.2147/CIA.S22775531695347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotfis K, Ślozowska J, Safranow K, Szylińska A, Listewnik M. The practical use of white cell inflammatory biomarkers in prediction of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery. Brain Sci. 2019;9:1–18. doi:10.3390/brainsci9110308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egberts A, Mattace-Raso FU. Increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in delirium: a pilot study. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1115–1121. doi:10.2147/CIA.S13718228769556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulaksizoglu B, Kulaksizoglu S. Relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio with oxidative stress and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:1999–2005. doi:10.2147/NDT.S11048427574431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nashef SAM, Roques F, Sharples LD, et al. EuroSCORE II. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;41:734–735. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezs04322378855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotfis K, Szylińska A, Listewnik M, Brykczyński M, Ely EW, Rotter I. Diabetes and elevated preoperative hba1c level as risk factors for postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery: an observational cohort study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:511–521. doi:10.2147/NDT.S19697330863073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotfis K, Biernawska J, Zegan-Barańska M, Żukowski M. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+ T cells, NK cells) in patients with cardiovascular and neurological complications after carotid endarterectomy. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16:10077–10094. doi:10.3390/ijms16051007725946343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahorec R. Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts–rapid and simple parameter of systemic inflammation and stress in critically ill. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2001;102:5–14.11723675
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macdonald A, Adamis D, Treloar A, Martin F. C-reactive protein levels predict the incidence of delirium and recovery from it. Age Ageing. 2007;36:222–225. doi:10.1093/ageing/afl12117114198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfister D, Siegemund M, Dell-Kuster S, et al. Cerebral perfusion in sepsis-associated delirium. Crit Care. 2008;12:R63. doi:10.1186/cc689118457586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi K, Motoishi M, Sawai S, Horimoto K, Hanaoka J. Postoperative delirium after lung resection for primary lung cancer: risk factors, risk scoring system, and prognosis. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0223917–e0223917. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.022391731738751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ban JW, Emparanza JI, Urreta I, Burls A. Design characteristics influence performance of clinical prediction rules in validation: a meta-epidemiological study. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0145779. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.014577926730980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar