Role of leptin resistance in the development of obesity in older patients

References

• World Health OrganizationObesity and overweight fact sheet2012Geneva, Switzerland Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
   Google Scholar
• MokdadAHFordESBowmanBAPrevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001JAMA20032891767912503980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RussellSJKahnCREndocrine regulation of ageingNat Rev Mol Cell Biol20078968169117684529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AhimaRSConnecting obesity, aging and diabetesNat Med200915999699719734871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetoRWhitlockGJhaPEffects of obesity and smoking on US life expectancyN Engl J Med20103629855856 author reply, 856–85720200394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MillerRAAging and immune functionInt Rev Cytol19911241872152001916
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MauryEBrichardSMAdipokine dysregulation, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndromeMol Cell Endocrinol2010314111619682539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KershawEEFlierJSAdipose tissue as an endocrine organJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20048962548255615181022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScarpelliniETackJObesity and metabolic syndrome: an inflammatory conditionDig Dis201230214815322722429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaXHMuzumdarRYangXMGabrielyIBergerRBarzilaiNAging is associated with resistance to effects of leptin on fat distribution and insulin actionJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2002576B225B23112023258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MasuzakiHOgawaYIsseNHuman obese gene expression. Adipocyte-specific expression and regional differences in the adipose tissueDiabetes19954478558587789654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MargeticSGazzolaCPeggGGHillRALeptin: a review of its peripheral actions and interactionsInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord200226111407143312439643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaadMFDamaniSGingerichRLSexual dimorphism in plasma leptin concentrationJ Clin Endocrinol Metab19978225795849024258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HassinkSGSheslowDVde LanceyEOpentanovaIConsidineRVCaroJFSerum leptin in children with obesity: relationship to gender and developmentPediatrics1996982 Pt 12012038692618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HubeFLietzUIgelMDifference in leptin mRNA levels between omental and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from obese humansHorm Metab Res199628126906939013743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenbaumMNicolsonMHirschJEffects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptinJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1996819342434278784109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SinhaMKOpentanovaIOhannesianJPEvidence of free and bound leptin in human circulation. Studies in lean and obese subjects and during short-term fastingJ Clin Invest1996986127712828823291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrabantGNaveHMayrBBehrendMvan HarmelenVArnerPSecretion of free and protein-bound leptin from subcutaneous adipose tissue of lean and obese womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20028783966397012161541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HalaasJLGajiwalaKSMaffeiMWeight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese geneScience199526952235435467624777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhangGTanejaKLSingerRHGreenMRLocalization of pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian nucleiNature199437265088098127997273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElmquistJKMaratos-FlierESaperCBFlierJSUnraveling the central nervous system pathways underlying responses to leptinNat Neurosci19981644545010196541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KalraSPDubeMGPuSXuBHorvathTLKalraPSInteracting appetite-regulating pathways in the hypothalamic regulation of body weightEndocr Rev19992016810010047974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhangYScarpacePJCircumventing central leptin resistance: lessons from central leptin and POMC gene deliveryPeptides200627235036416274846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TartagliaLAThe leptin receptorJ Biol Chem199727210609360969102398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FriedmanJMHalaasJLLeptin and the regulation of body weight in mammalsNature199839567047637709796811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FeiHOkanoHJLiCAnatomic localization of alternatively spliced leptin receptors (Ob-R) in mouse brain and other tissuesProc Natl Acad Sci USA19979413700170059192681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MercerJGHoggardNWilliamsLMLawrenceCBHannahLTTrayhurnPLocalization of leptin receptor mRNA and the long form splice variant (Ob-Rb) in mouse hypothalamus and adjacent brain regions by in situ hybridizationFEBS Lett19963872–31131168674530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchwartzMWSeeleyRJCampfieldLABurnPBaskinDGIdentification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamusJ Clin Invest1996985110111068787671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElmquistJKBjorbaekCAhimaRSFlierJSSaperCBDistributions of leptin receptor mRNA isoforms in the rat brainJ Comp Neurol199839545355479619505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElmquistJKEliasCFSaperCBFrom lesions to leptin: hypothalamic control of food intake and body weightNeuron199922222123210069329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaskinDGBreiningerJFSchwartzMWLeptin receptor mRNA identifies a subpopulation of neuropeptide Y neurons activated by fasting in rat hypothalamusDiabetes199948482883310102700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaskinDGSchwartzMWSeeleyRJLeptin receptor long-form splice-variant protein expression in neuron cell bodies of the brain and co-localization with neuropeptide Y mRNA in the arcuate nucleusJ Histochem Cytochem199947335336210026237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MyersMGCowleyMAMunzbergHMechanisms of leptin action and leptin resistanceAnn Rev Physiol20087053755617937601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuszarDLynchCAFairchild-HuntressVTargeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in miceCell19978811311419019399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ButlerAAConeRDThe melanocortin receptors: lessons from knockout modelsNeuropeptides2002362–3778412359499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OllmannMMWilsonBDYangYKAntagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related proteinScience199727853351351389311920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MercerAJHentgesSTMeshulCKLowMJUnraveling the central proopiomelanocortin neural circuitsFront Neurosci201371923440036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StephensTWBasinskiMBristowPKThe role of neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene productNature199537765495305327566151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MizunoTMKleopoulosSPBergenHTRobertsJLPriestCAMobbsCVHypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA is reduced by fasting and [corrected] in ob/ob and db/db mice, but is stimulated by leptinDiabetes19984722942979519731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchwartzMWSeeleyRJWoodsSCLeptin increases hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression in the rostral arcuate nucleusDiabetes19974612211921239392508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SatohNOgawaYKatsuuraGThe arcuate nucleus as a primary site of satiety effect of leptin in ratsNeurosci Lett199722431491529131658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarlanSMMorganDAAgassandianKAblation of the leptin receptor in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus abrogates leptin-induced sympathetic activationCirc Res2011108780881221311043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BalthasarNCoppariRMcMinnJLeptin receptor signaling in POMC neurons is required for normal body weight homeostasisNeuron200442698399115207242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de WallELeshanRXuAWCollective and individual functions of leptin receptor modulated neurons controlling metabolism and ingestionEndocrinology200814941773178518162515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VongLYeCYangZChoiBChuaSJrLowellBBLeptin action on GABAergic neurons prevents obesity and reduces inhibitory tone to POMC neuronsNeuron201171114215421745644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NogueirasRWilsonHRohner-JeanrenaudFTschopMHCentral nervous system regulation of adipocyte metabolismRegul Pept20081491–3263118453013
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MinokoshiYHaqueMSShimazuTMicroinjection of leptin into the ventromedial hypothalamus increases glucose uptake in peripheral tissues in ratsDiabetes199948228729110334303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarwarhaGGhribiOLeptin signaling and Alzheimer’s diseaseAm J Neurodegener Dis20121324526523383396
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OomuraYHoriNShiraishiTLeptin facilitates learning and memory performance and enhances hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation and CaMK II phosphorylation in ratsPeptides200627112738274916914228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColemanDLObese and diabetes: two mutant genes causing diabetes-obesity syndromes in miceDiabetologia1978143141148350680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhangYProencaRMaffeiMBaroneMLeopoldLFriedmanJMPositional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologueNature199437265054254327984236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MontagueCTFarooqiISWhiteheadJPCongenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humansNature199738766369039089202122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PelleymounterMACullenMJBakerMBEffects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob miceScience199526952235405437624776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CampfieldLASmithFJGuisezYDevosRBurnPRecombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networksScience199526952235465497624778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FarooqiISJebbSALangmackGEffects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiencyN Engl J Med19993411287988410486419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MunzbergHBjornholmMBatesSHMyersMGJrLeptin receptor action and mechanisms of leptin resistanceCell Mol Life Sci200562664265215770417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StunkardAJHarrisJRPedersenNLMcClearnGEThe body-mass index of twins who have been reared apartN Engl J Med199032221148314872336075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaffeiMHalaasJRavussinELeptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjectsNat Med1995111115511617584987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GainsfordTAlexanderWSA role for leptin in hemopoieses?Mol Biotechnol199911214915810464769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NakataMYadaTSoejimaNMaruyamaILeptin promotes aggregation of human platelets via the long form of its receptorDiabetes199948242642910334326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sierra-HonigmannMRNathAKMurakamiCBiological action of leptin as an angiogenic factorScience19982815383168316869733517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RingBDScullySDavisCRSystemically and topically administered leptin both accelerate wound healing in diabetic ob/ob miceEndocrinology2000141144644910614668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaynesWGMorganDAWalshSAMarkALSivitzWIReceptor-mediated regional sympathetic nerve activation by leptinJ Clin Invest199710022702789218503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShekEWBrandsMWHallJEChronic leptin infusion increases arterial pressureHypertension1998311 Pt 24094149453337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShankarAXiaoJPositive relationship between plasma leptin level and hypertensionHypertension201056462362820713919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TankersleyCGO’DonnellCDaoodMJLeptin attenuates respiratory complications associated with the obese phenotypeJ Appl Physiol1998856226122699843551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’DonnellCPTankersleyCGPolotskyVPSchwartzARSmithPLLeptin, obesity, and respiratory functionRespir Physiol20001192–316317010722859
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MalliFPapaioannouAIGourgoulianisKIDaniilZThe role of leptin in the respiratory system: an overviewRespir Res20101115221040518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MinokoshiYKimYBPeroniODLeptin stimulates fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinaseNature2002415686933934311797013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MuoioDMDohmGLFiedorekFTJrTapscottEBColemanRALeptin directly alters lipid partitioning in skeletal muscleDiabetes1997468136013639231663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NowakKWMackowiakPNogowskiLSzkudelskiTMalendowiczLKAcute leptin action on insulin blood level and liver insulin receptor in the ratLife Sci19986315134713529768872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhaoAZShinoharaMMHuangDLeptin induces insulin-like signaling that antagonizes cAMP elevation by glucagon in hepatocytesJ Biol Chem200027515113481135410753948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbbatecolaAMRizzoMRBarbieriMPostprandial plasma glucose excursions and cognitive functioning in aged type 2 diabeticsNeurology200667223524016864814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaxenaNKIkedaKRockeyDCFriedmanSLAnaniaFALeptin in hepatic fibrosis: evidence for increased collagen production in stellate cells and lean littermates of ob/ob miceHepatology200235476277111915021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ImajoKFujitaKYonedaMHyperresponsivity to low-dose endotoxin during progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is regulated by leptin-mediated signalingCell Metab2012161445422768838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JavorEDGhanyMGCochranEKLeptin reverses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with severe lipodystrophyHepatology200541475376015791619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalderKFilippisAClarkSZimmetPCollierGRLeptin inhibits insulin binding in isolated rat adipocytesJ Endocrinol19971553R5R79488006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZierathJRFrevertEURyderJWBerggrenPOKahnBBEvidence against a direct effect of leptin on glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipocytesDiabetes1998471149421367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MullerGErtlJGerlMPreibischGLeptin impairs metabolic actions of insulin in isolated rat adipocytesJ Biol Chem19972721610585105939099705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FruhbeckGGomez-AmbrosiJModulation of the leptin-induced white adipose tissue lipolysis by nitric oxideCell Signal2001131182783311583918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FruhbeckGAguadoMMartinezJAIn vitro lipolytic effect of leptin on mouse adipocytes: evidence for a possible autocrine/paracrine role of leptinBiochem Biophys Res Commun199724035905949398609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos-AlvarezJGobernaRSanchez-MargaletVHuman leptin stimulates proliferation and activation of human circulating monocytesCell Immunol1999194161110357875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La CavaAMatareseGThe weight of leptin in immunityNat Rev Immunol20044537137915122202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HubeFHaunerHThe role of TNF-alpha in human adipose tissue: prevention of weight gain at the expense of insulin resistance?Horm Metab Res1999311262663110668912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangZWZhouYTLeeYHigaMKalraSPUngerRHHyperleptinemia depletes fat from denervated fat tissueBiochem Biophys Res Commun1999260365365710403821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinJChoiYHHartzellDLLiCDella-FeraMABaileCACNS melanocortin and leptin effects on stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and resistin expressionBiochem Biophys Res Commu20033112324328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TajimaDMasakiTHidakaSKakumaTSakataTYoshimatsuHAcute central infusion of leptin modulates fatty acid mobilization by affecting lipolysis and mRNA expression for uncoupling proteinsExp Biol Med (Maywood)2005230320020615734723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CoppariRBjorbaekCLeptin revisited: its mechanism of action and potential for treating diabetesNat Rev Drug Discov201211969270822935803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegrist-KaiserCAPauliVJuge-AubryCEDirect effects of leptin on brown and white adipose tissueJ Clin Invest199710011285828649389752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChehabFFMounzihKLuRLimMEEarly onset of reproductive function in normal female mice treated with leptinScience1997275529688908974400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SpicerLJFranciscoCCThe adipose obese gene product, leptin: evidence of a direct inhibitory role in ovarian functionEndocrinology19971388337433799231790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LindheimSRSauerMVCarminaEChangPLZimmermanRLoboRACirculating leptin levels during ovulation induction: relation to adiposity and ovarian morphologyFertil Steril200073349349810689001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoggardNHunterLTrayhurnPWilliamsLMMercerJGLeptin and reproductionProc Nutr Soc19985734214279794000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MounzihKLuRChehabFFLeptin treatment rescues the sterility of genetically obese ob/ob malesEndocrinology19971383119011939048626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaumgartnerRNStauberPMMcHughDKoehlerKMGarryPJCross-sectional age differences in body composition in persons 60+ years of ageJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci1995506M307M3167583802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CartwrightMJTchkoniaTKirklandJLAging in adipocytes: potential impact of inherent, depot-specific mechanismsExp Gerontol200742646347117507194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KukJLSaundersTJDavidsonLERossRAge-related changes in total and regional fat distributionAgeing Res Rev20098433934819576300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenCJBouxseinMLMechanisms of disease: is osteoporosis the obesity of bone?Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol200621354316932650
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• UngerRHLongevity, lipotoxicity and leptin: the adipocyte defense against feasting and famineBiochimie2005871576415733738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoodpasterBHKrishnaswamiSResnickHAssociation between regional adipose tissue distribution and both type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in elderly men and womenDiabetes Care200326237237912547865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PfannenbergCWernerMKRipkensSImpact of age on the relationships of brown adipose tissue with sex and adiposity in humansDiabetes20105971789179320357363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GabaldonAMMcDonaldRBHorwitzBAEffects of age, gender, and senescence on beta-adrenergic responses of isolated F344 rat brown adipocytes in vitroAm J Physiol19982744 Pt 1E726E7369575835
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDonaldRBHorwitzBABrown adipose tissue thermogenesis during aging and senescenceJ Bioenerg Biomembr199931550751610653478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CannonBNedergaardJBrown adipose tissue: function and physiological significancePhysiol Rev200484127735914715917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuyseMViengchareunSBadoALombesMInsulin and glucocorticoids differentially regulate leptin transcription and secretion in brown adipocytesFASEB J20011581357136611387233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UenoNOh-ishiSSegawaMEffect of age on brown adipose tissue activity in the obese (ob/ob) mouseMech Ageing Dev1998100167769509396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KirklandJLTchkoniaTPirtskhalavaTHanJKaragiannidesIAdipogenesis and aging: does aging make fat go MAD?Exp Gerontol200237675776712175476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HughesVARoubenoffRWoodMFronteraWREvansWJFiatarone SinghMAAnthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderlyAm J Clin Nutr200480247548215277173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van HarmelenVReynisdottirSErikssonPLeptin secretion from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in womenDiabetes19984769139179604868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EckelRHGrundySMZimmetPZThe metabolic syndromeLancet200536594681415142815836891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van HarmelenVRohrigKHaunerHComparison of proliferation and differentiation capacity of human adipocyte precursor cells from the omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue depot of obese subjectsMetabolism200453563263715131769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArnerPBernardSSalehpourMDynamics of human adipose lipid turnover in health and metabolic diseaseNature2011478736711011321947005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KaragiannidesIThomouTTchkoniaTIncreased CUG triplet repeat-binding protein-1 predisposes to impaired adipogenesis with agingJ Biol Chem200628132230252303316754681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SpaldingKLArnerEWestermarkPODynamics of fat cell turnover in humansNature2008453719678378718454136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DjianPRoncariAKHollenbergCHInfluence of anatomic site and age on the replication and differentiation of rat adipocyte precursors in cultureJ Clin Invest1983724120012086630508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KirklandJLHollenbergCHGillonWSAge, anatomic site, and the replication and differentiation of adipocyte precursorsAm J Physiol19902582 Pt 1C206C2102305864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KirklandJLDaxEMAdipocyte hormone responsiveness and aging in the rat: problems in the interpretation of aging researchJ Am Geriatr Soc19843232192286321584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GregermanRIAging and hormone-sensitive lipolysis: reconciling the literatureJ Gerontol1994494B135B1398014384
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FriedSKBunkinDAGreenbergASOmental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects release interleukin-6: depot difference and regulation by glucocorticoidJ Clin Endocrinol Metab19988338478509506738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AhrenBManssonSGingerichRLHavelPJRegulation of plasma leptin in mice: influence of age, high-fat diet, and fastingAm J Physiol19972731 Pt 2R113R1209249540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiHMathenyMNicolsonMTumerNScarpacePJLeptin gene expression increases with age independent of increasing adiposity in ratsDiabetes19974612203520399392492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangFNMaCGZhangNXSongHYGlucose and Insulin Regulate Leptin Expression in 3T3-F442A AdipocytesSheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue Bao (Shanghai)199931335035212136196
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanchez-RodriguezMGarcia-SanchezARetana-UgaldeRMendoza-NunezVMSerum leptin levels and blood pressure in the overweight elderlyArch Med Res200031442542811068088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EngineerDRGarciaJMLeptin in anorexia and cachexia syndromeInt J Pept2012201228745722518191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ScarpacePJMathenyMMooreRLTumerNImpaired leptin responsiveness in aged ratsDiabetes200049343143510868965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GabrielyIMaXHYangXMRossettiLBarzilaiNLeptin resistance during aging is independent of fat massDiabetes20025141016102111916920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MackIBelAibaRSDjordjevicTGorlachAHaunerHBaderBLFunctional analyses reveal the greater potency of preadipocytes compared with adipocytes as endothelial cell activator under normoxia, hypoxia, and TNFalpha exposureAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab20092973E735E74819549791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChungSLapointKMartinezKKennedyABoysen SandbergMMcIntoshMKPreadipocytes mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in primary cultures of newly differentiated human adipocytesEndocrinology2006147115340535116873530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarkinsJMMoustaid-MoussaNChungYJExpression of interleukin-6 is greater in preadipocytes than in adipocytes of 3T3-L1 cells and C57BL/6J and ob/ob miceJ Nutr2004134102673267715465765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CousinBMunozOAndreMA role for preadipocytes as macrophage-like cellsFASEB J19991323053129973318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeisbergSPMcCannDDesaiMRosenbaumMLeibelRLFerranteAWJrObesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissueJ Clin Invest2003112121796180814679176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SevastianovaKSutinenJKannistoKHamstenARistolaMYki-JarvinenHAdipose tissue inflammation and liver fat in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophyAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab20082951E85E9118430964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LumengCNBodzinJLSaltielARObesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarizationJ Clin Invest2007117117518417200717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MiardSPicardFObesity and aging have divergent genomic fingerprintsInt J Obes (Lond)200832121873187418982010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MiardSDombrowskiLCarterSBoivinLPicardFAging alters PPARgamma in rodent and human adipose tissue by modulating the balance in steroid receptor coactivator-1Aging Cell20098444945919485965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AraiYTakayamaMGondoYAdipose endocrine function, insulinlike growth factor-1 axis, and exceptional survival beyond 100 years of ageJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci200863111209121819038836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AraiYTakayamaMAbeYHiroseNAdipokines and agingJ Atheroscler Thromb201118754555021551960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarveyPHZammutoRMPatterns of mortality and age at first reproduction in natural populations of mammalsNature198531560173193204000262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MerryBJHolehanAMOnset of puberty and duration of fertility in rats fed a restricted dietJ Reprod Fertil1979572253259513013
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown-BorgHMHormonal control of aging in rodents: the somatotropic axisMol Cell Endocrinol20092991647118674587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YuanRMengQNautiyalJGenetic coregulation of age of female sexual maturation and lifespan through circulating IGF1 among inbred mouse strainsProc Natl Acad Sci USA2012109218224822922566614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UkkolaOSantaniemiMAdiponectin: a link between excess adiposity and associated comorbidities?J Mol Med (Berl)2002801169670212436346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AtzmonGPollinTICrandallJAdiponectin levels and genotype: a potential regulator of life span in humansJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci200863544745318511746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BikWBaranowska-BikAWolinska-WitortEThe relationship between adiponectin levels and metabolic status in centenarian, early elderly, young and obese womenNeuro Endocrinol Lett200627449350016891987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranceschiCMontiDSansoniPCossarizzaAThe immunology of exceptional individuals: the lesson of centenariansImmunol Today199516112167880382
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HittRYoung-XuYSilverMPerlsTCentenarians: the older you get, the healthier you have beenLancet1999354917965210466675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AraiYKojimaTTakayamaMHiroseNThe metabolic syndrome, IGF-1, and insulin actionMol Cell Endocrinol2009299112412818672019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FordESGilesWHDietzWHPrevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyJAMA2002287335635911790215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PaolissoGGambardellaAAmmendolaSGlucose tolerance and insulin action in healty centenariansAm J Physiol19962705 Pt 1E890E8948967479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PaolissoGGambardellaABalbiVAmmendolaSD’AmoreAVarricchioMBody composition, body fat distribution, and resting metabolic rate in healthy centenariansAm J Clin Nutr19956247467507572703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BluherMKahnBBKahnCRExtended longevity in mice lacking the insulin receptor in adipose tissueScience2003299560657257412543978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MehtaLHRothGSCaloric restriction and longevity: the science and the ascetic experienceAnn N Y Acad Sci20091172283319735237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarzilaiNGuptaGRevisiting the role of fat mass in the life extension induced by caloric restrictionJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci1999543B89B96 discussion B97–B8810191831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GabrielyIBarzilaiNSurgical removal of visceral adipose tissue: effects on insulin actionCurr Diab Rep20033320120612762966
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MuzumdarRAllisonDBHuffmanDMVisceral adipose tissue modulates mammalian longevityAging Cell20087343844018363902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChiuCHLinWDHuangSYLeeYHEffect of a C/EBP gene replacement on mitochondrial biogenesis in fat cellsGenes Dev200418161970197515289464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FogtelooAJPijlHFrolichMMcCamishMMeindersAEEffects of recombinant human leptin treatment as an adjunct of moderate energy restriction on body weight, resting energy expenditure and energy intake in obese humansDiabetes Nutr Metab200316210911412846450
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDuffeJRRiggsPACalisKAEffects of exogenous leptin on satiety and satiation in patients with lipodystrophy and leptin insufficiencyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20048994258426315356018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OralEASimhaVRuizELeptin-replacement therapy for lipodystrophyN Engl J Med2002346857057811856796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScarpacePJZhangYLeptin resistance: a prediposing factor for diet-induced obesityAm J Physiol20092963R493R500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MyersMGJrHeymsfieldSBHaftCChallenges and opportunities of defining clinical leptin resistanceCell Metab201215215015622326217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EnrioriPJEvansAESinnayahPDiet-induced obesity causes severe but reversible leptin resistance in arcuate melanocortin neuronsCell Metab20075318119417339026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MunzbergHMyersMGJrMolecular and anatomical determinants of central leptin resistanceNat Neurosci20058556657015856064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BanksWAThe many lives of leptinPeptides3200425333133815134858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FryMFergusonAVThe sensory circumventricular organs: brain targets for circulating signals controlling ingestive behaviorPhysiol Behav200791441342317531276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LevinBEDunn-MeynellAABanksWAObesity-prone rats have normal blood-brain barrier transport but defective central leptin signaling before obesity onsetAm J Physiol20042861R143R150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MuzumdarRHMaXYangXAtzmonGBarzilaiNCentral resistance to the inhibitory effects of leptin on stimulated insulin secretion with agingNeurobiol Aging20062791308131416122839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchwartzMWPeskindERaskindMBoykoEJPorteDJrCerebrospinal fuid leptin levels: relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humansNat Med1996255895938616722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BanksWACoonABRobinsonSMTriglycerides induce leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrierDiabetes20045351253126015111494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-GalazCFernandez-AgulloTCampoyFDecreased leptin uptake in hypothalamic nuclei with ageing in Wistar ratsJ Endocrinol20011711233211572787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GruenewaldDAMatsumotoAMAge-related decrease in proopiomelanocortin gene expression in the arcuate nucleus of the male rat brainNeurobiol Aging19911221131211711159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScarpacePJMathenyMTumerNHypothalamic leptin resistance is associated with impaired leptin signal transduction in aged obese ratsNeuroscience200110441111111711457594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShekEWScarpacePJResistance to the anorexic and thermogenic effects of centrally administrated leptin in obese aged ratsRegul Pept2000921–3657111024567
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• QiuJOgusSLuRChehabFFTransgenic mice overexpressing leptin accumulate adipose mass at an older, but not younger, ageEndocrinology2001142134835811145598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeymsfieldSBGreenbergASFujiokaKRecombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: a randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trialJAMA1999282161568157510546697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MittendorferBHorowitzJFDePaoliAMMcCamishMAPattersonBWKleinSRecombinant human leptin treatment does not improve insulin action in obese subjects with type 2 diabetesDiabetes20116051474147721411512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WyseBMDulinWEThe influence of age and dietary conditions on diabetes in the db mouseDiabetologia1970632682734914664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AasumEHafstadADSeversonDLLarsenTSAge-dependent changes in metabolism, contractile function, and ischemic sensitivity in hearts from db/db miceDiabetes200352243444112540618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SenadorDKanakamedalaKIrigoyenMCMorrisMElasedKMCardiovascular and autonomic phenotype of db/db diabetic miceExper Physiol200994664865819218356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KodamaHFujitaMYamaguchiIDevelopment of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in conscious genetically diabetic (C57BL/KsJ-db/db) miceDiabetologia19943787397447988774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FolchJPedrosIPatracaINeuroprotective and anti-ageing role of leptinJ Mol Endocrinol2012493R149R15622967480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NaderaliEKRatcliffeSHDaleMCObesity and Alzheimer’s disease: a link between body weight and cognitive function in old ageAm J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen200924644544919801534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TezapsidisNJohnstonJMSmithMALeptin: a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s diseaseJ Alzheimers Dis200916473174019387109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiebWBeiserASVasanRSAssociation of plasma leptin levels with incident Alzheimer disease and MRI measures of brain agingJAMA2009302232565257220009056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoldenKFLindquistKTylavskyFARosanoCHarrisTBYaffeKSerum leptin level and cognition in the elderly: Findings from the Health ABC StudyNeurobiol Aging20093091483148918358569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiXLAouSOomuraYHoriNFukunagaKHoriTImpairment of long-term potentiation and spatial memory in leptin receptor-deficient rodentsNeuroscience2002113360761512150780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh-ManouxACzernichowSElbazAObesity phenotypes in midlife and cognition in early old age: the Whitehall II cohort studyNeurology201279875576222915175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SellHDeshaiesYRichardDThe brown adipocyte: update on its metabolic roleInt J Biochem Cell Biol200436112098210415313455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RichardDCarpentierACDoreGOuelletVPicardFDeterminants of brown adipocyte development and thermogenesisInt J Obes (Lond)201034Suppl 2S59S6621151149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RichardDPicardFBrown fat biology and thermogenesisFront Biosci2011161233126021196229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeanMEBrown adipose tissue in humansProc Nutr Soc19894822432562678120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeatonJMThe distribution of brown adipose tissue in the humanJ Anat1972112Pt 135395086212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZingarettiMCCrostaFVitaliAThe presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissueFASEB J20092393113312019417078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CypessAMLehmanSWilliamsGIdentification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humansN Engl J Med2009360151509151719357406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RichardDMonge-RoffarelloBChechiKLabbeSMTurcotteEEControl and physiological determinants of sympathetically mediated brown adipose tissue thermogenesisFront Endocrinol2012336
   Google Scholar
• OuelletVRouthier-LabadieABellemareWOutdoor temperature, age, sex, body mass index, and diabetic status determine the prevalence, mass, and glucose-uptake activity of 18F-FDG-detected BAT in humansJ Clin Endocrinol Metab201196119219920943785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeePGreenfieldJRHoKKFulhamMJA critical appraisal of the prevalence and metabolic significance of brown adipose tissue in adult humansAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab20102994E601E60620606075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DrubachLAPalmerEL3rdConnollyLPBakerAZurakowskiDCypessAMPediatric brown adipose tissue: detection, epidemiology, and differences from adultsJ Pediatr2011159693994421839465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TamCSLecoultreVRavussinEBrown adipose tissue: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targetsCirculation2012125222782279122665886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SaelyCHGeigerKDrexelHBrown versus white adipose tissue: a mini-reviewGerontology2012581152321135534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himms-HagenJDesautelsMA mitochondrial defect in brown adipose tissue of the obese (ob/ob) mouse: reduced binding of purine nucleotides and a failure to respond to cold by an increase in bindingBiochem Biophys Res Comm1978832628634212061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BartnessTJVaughanCHSongCKSympathetic and sensory innervation of brown adipose tissueInt J Obes (Lond)201034Suppl 1S36S4220935665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LanginDTavernierGLafontanMRegulation of beta 3-adrenoceptor expression in white fat cellsFundam Clin Pharmacol199592971067628838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScarpacePJTseCMathenyMThermoregulation with age: restoration of beta(3)-adrenergic responsiveness in brown adipose tissue by cold exposureProc Soc Exp Biol Med199621143743808618944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SealsDREslerMDHuman ageing and the sympathoadrenal systemJ Physiol2000528Pt 340741711060120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorrisonSFMaddenCJTuponeDCentral control of brown adipose tissue thermogenesisFront Endocrinol201235
   Google Scholar
• DunbarJCLuHLeptin-induced increase in sympathetic nervous and cardiovascular tone is mediated by proopiomelanocortin (POMC) productsBrain Res Bull199950321522110566984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LevineASMorleyJENeuropeptide Y: a potent inducer of consummatory behavior in ratsPeptides198456102510296549409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BillingtonCJBriggsJEGraceMLevineASEffects of intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y on energy metabolismAm J Physiol19912602 Pt 2R321R3271996719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhangYKilroyGEHenaganTMTargeted deletion of melanocortin receptor subtypes 3 and 4, but not CART, alters nutrient partitioning and compromises behavioral and metabolic responses to leptinFASEB J200519111482149116126916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MattsonMPPerspective: Does brown fat protect against diseases of aging?Ageing Res Rev201091697619969105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ValleAGuevaraRGarcia-PalmerFJRocaPOliverJCaloric restriction retards the age-related decline in mitochondrial function of brown adipose tissueRejuv Res2008113597604
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SilvestriESchiavoLLombardiAGogliaFThyroid hormones as molecular determinants of thermogenesisActa Physiol Scand2005184426528316026419
   PubMedGoogle Scholar