Association of Elevated Thyroid Stimulating Hormone with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Its Mortality in Elderly Community-Dwelling Chinese

References

• Liyuan M, Yazhe W, Wen W, Weiwei C. Interpretation of the report on cardiovascular diseases in China (2017). Chin J Cardiol. 2018;23(1):3–6.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong Y, Labarthe D, et al. Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association’s strategic impact goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation. 2010;121(4):586. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanek KD, Murphy S, Xu J. Arias EJNdb. Mortality U S. 2016;2017(293):1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Hollowell J, Serum TSH, Flanders WD. T4, and Thyroid Antibodies in the United States Population (1988 to 1994): national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocr Metabolism. 2002;87:489–499. doi:10.1210/jcem.87.2.8182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappola AR, Fried LP, Arnold AM, et al. Thyroid Status. Cardiol Risk Mortality Older Adults. 2006;295(9):1033–1041.
   Google Scholar
• Boelaert K; Boelaert, and Kristien. Thyroid dysfunction in the elderly. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013;9:194–204. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baloch Z, Carayon P, Conte-Devolx B, Demers LM. Laboratory medicine practice guidelines. Laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Thyroid. 2003;13(1):3–126. doi:10.1089/105072503321086962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sue W, Parle JV, Roberts LM, et al. Prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction and its relation to socioeconomic deprivation in the elderly: a community-based cross-sectional survey. J Clin Endocr Metabolism. 2006;91(12):4809–4816. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggeri RM, Trimarchi F, Biondi B. Management Of Endocrine Disease: l-Thyroxine replacement therapy in the frail elderly: a challenge in clinical practice. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;177(4):R199–R217. doi:10.1530/EJE-17-0321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floriani C, Gencer B, Collet TH, Rodondi N. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases: 2016 update. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(7):7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochs N, Auer R, Bauer DC, et al. Meta-analysis: subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk for coronary heart disease and mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(11):832–845. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh JP, Bremner AP, Bulsara MK, et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(21):2467–2472. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.21.2467
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Razvi S, Pearce SH. Subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease-reply. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(19):1523–1524. doi:10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.597
   Google Scholar
• Rodondi N, den Elzen WP, Bauer DC, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. JAMA. 2010;304(12):1365–1374. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones DD, May KE, Geraci S. Subclinical thyroid disease. Lancet. 2012;123(6):502–504.
   Google Scholar
• Razvi S, Weaver JU, Vanderpump MP, Pearce SHS. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and mortality in people with subclinical hypothyroidism: reanalysis of the whickham survey cohort. J Clin Endocr. 2010;95(4):1734–1740. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misa I, Masazumi A, Shinichiro I, et al. Risk for ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(7):3365–3370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selmer C, Olesen JB, Hansen ML, et al. Subclinical and overt thyroid dysfunction and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a large population study. J Clin Endocr. 2014;99(7):2372–2382. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-4184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gussekloo J. Thyroid status, disability and cognitive function, and survival in old age. J Am Med Assoc. 2005;292(21):2591–2599. doi:10.1001/jama.292.21.2591
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai XD, Zhang L, Chen LL, et al. An age-specific serum thyrotropin reference range for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases in older adults: a cross-sectional survey in China. Thyroid. 2018;28(12):1571–1579. doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosius FC, Hostetter TH, Kelepouris E, et al. REPRINT Detection of chronic kidney disease in patients with or at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension. 2006;48(4):751–755. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juonala M, Magnussen CG, Berenson GS, Venn A. Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors. NEJM. 2011;365(20):1876. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1010112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu YF, Zhao D, Zhou BF, et al. Cut offs and risk stratification of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2007;35(5):428.
   Google Scholar
• Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(10):e177–e232. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth GA, Huffman MD, Moran AE, et al. Global and regional patterns in cardiovascular mortality from 1990 to 2013. Circulation. 2015;132(17):1667. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva N, Santos O, Morais F, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism represents an additional risk factor for coronary artery calcification, especially in subjects with intermediate and high cardiovascular risk scores. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;171(3):327–334. doi:10.1530/EJE-14-0031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratigou T, Dalamaga M, Antonakos G, et al. Hyperirisinemia is independently associated with subclinical hypothyroidism: correlations with cardiometabolic biomarkers and risk factors. Endocrine. 2018;61(1):83–93. doi:10.1007/s12020-018-1550-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Tao Y, Gu H, Sui J. Association between cardiovascular risk factors and serum thyrotropin concentration among healthy Chinese subjects and subjects with unsuspected subclinical hypothyroidism. Clin Lab. 2016;62(5):807–814. doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2015.150809
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asvold BO, Bjøro T, Nilsen TI, Vatten LJ. Association between blood pressure and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration within the reference range: a population-based study. J Clin Endocr Metabolism. 2007;92(3):841–845. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Godoy B, Suzuki T, Banach M, von Haehling S. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the development of heart failure: an overview of risk and effects on cardiac function. Clin Res Cardiol. 2019;108(3):225–233. doi:10.1007/s00392-018-1340-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein I, Ojamaa K. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:257–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haghi AR, Solhjoo M, Tavakoli MH. Correlation between subclinical hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia. Iran J Pathol. 2017;12(2):106–111.
   Google Scholar
• Bensenor IM, Olmos RD, Lotufo PA. Hypothyroidism in the elderly: diagnosis and management. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:97–111. doi:10.2147/CIA.S23966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce SH, Razvi S, Yadegarfar ME, et al. Serum thyroid function, mortality and disability in advanced old age: the Newcastle 85+ Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(11):4385–4394. doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S, Duggal J, Molnar J, Maldonado F, Barsano CP, Arora R. Impact of subclinical thyroid disorders on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2008;125(1):41–48. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.02.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol. 2010;43(1):55–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQuade C, Skugor M, Brennan DM, Hoar B, Stevenson C, Hoogwerf BJ. Hypothyroidism and moderate subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with increased all-cause mortality independent of coronary heart disease risk factors: a PreCIS database study. Thyroid. 2011;21(8):837–843. doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon S, Kim MJ, Yu JM, Yoo HJ, Park YJ. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Thyroid. 2018;28(9):1101–1110. doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L-B, Jiang D-Q, Qi W-B, et al. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012;167(1):75–84. doi:10.1530/EJE-12-0015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva JE. Thyroid-adrenergic interactions: physiological and clinical implications. Thyroid. 2008;18(2):157–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surks MI, Hollowell JG. Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the U.S. population: implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(12):4575–4582. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somwaru LL, Rariy CM, Arnold AM, Cappola AR. The natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study. J Clin Endocr. 2012;97(6):1962–1969. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-3047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindeman RD, Romero LJ, Schade DS, Wayne S, Baumgartner RN, Garry P. Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on serum total homocysteine concentrations, the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), and CHD risk factors in the new mexico elder health survey. Thyroid. 2003;13(6):595–600. doi:10.1089/105072503322238863
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svold BO, Bjro T, Platou C, Vatten L. Thyroid function and the risk of coronary heart disease: 12‐year follow‐up of the HUNT Study in Norway. Clin Endocrinol. 2012;77:6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar