Novel Bedside Dynamic Nomograms to Predict the Probability of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Study

References

• Alalawi R, Yasmeen N. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: a review comparing the effects of desflurane and sevflurane. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018;33(5):732–740. doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2017.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Shim JK, Song JW, et al. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and the change of regional cerebral oxygen saturation in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(2):436–444. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rundshagen I. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014;111(8):119–125. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monk TG, Weldon BC, Garvan CW, et al. Predictors of cognitive dysfunction after major noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2008;108(1):18–30. doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000296071.19434.1e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paredes S, Cortinez L, Contreras V, et al. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction at 3 months in adults after non-cardiac surgery: a qualitative systematic review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016;60(8):1043–1058. doi:10.1111/aas.12724
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evered L, Scott DA, Silbert B, et al. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is independent of type of surgery and anesthetic. Anesth Analg. 2011;112(5):1179–1185. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e318215217e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silbert B, Evered L, Scott DA, et al. Preexisting cognitive impairment is associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction after hip joint replacement surgery. Anesthesiology. 2015;122(6):1224–1234. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiendecker J, Hocker J, Meybohm P, et al. Postoperative neurocognitive function and microembolus detection in patients undergoing neck dissection: a pilot study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010;27(5):417–424. doi:10.1097/EJA.0b013e328336c633
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman MF, Kirchner JL, Phillips-Bute B, et al. Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function after coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(6):395–402. doi:10.1056/NEJM200102083440601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morandi A, Pandharipande PP, Jackson JC, et al. Understanding terminology of delirium and long-term cognitive impairment in critically ill patients. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2012;26(3):267–276. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2012.08.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tachibana S, Hayase T, Osuda M, et al. Recovery of postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients after a long duration of desflurane anesthesia: a pilot study. J Anesth. 2015;29(4):627–630. doi:10.1007/s00540-015-1979-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer ST, Koenigsperger S, Olotu C, et al. Biomarkers and postoperative cognitive function: could it be that easy? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2019;32(1):92–100. doi:10.1097/ACO.0000000000000676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monk TG, Saini V, Weldon BC, et al. Anesthetic management and one-year mortality after noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(1):4–10. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000147519.82841.5E
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bi J, Shan W, Luo A, et al. Critical role of matrix metallopeptidase 9 in postoperative cognitive dysfunction and age-dependent cognitive decline. Oncotarget. 2017;8(31):51817–51829. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15545
   Google Scholar
• Terrando N, Monaco C, Ma D, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitive decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107(47):20518–20522. doi:10.1073/pnas.1014557107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terrando N, Brzezinski M, Degos V, et al. Perioperative cognitive decline in the aging population. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86(9):885–893. doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0332
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudetz JA, Iqbal Z, Gandhi SD, et al. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients with a history of alcohol abuse. Anesthesiology. 2007;106(3):423–430. doi:10.1097/00000542-200703000-00005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Liu G, Zhang F, et al. Analysis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and influencing factors of dexmedetomidine anesthesia in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett. 2019;18(3):3058–3064. doi:10.3892/ol.2019.10611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glumac S, Kardum G, Sodic L, et al. Effects of dexamethasone on early cognitive decline after cardiac surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2017;34(11):776–784. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000000647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiberg S, Holmgaard F, Zetterberg H, et al. Biomarkers of cerebral injury for prediction of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2022;36(1):125–132. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2021.05.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kok WF, Koerts J, Tucha O, et al. Neuronal damage biomarkers in the identification of patients at risk of long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia. 2017;72(3):359–369. doi:10.1111/anae.13712
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi YL, Li ZS, Lin CS, et al. Evaluation of the postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with general anesthesia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017;21(6):1346–1354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawai K, Ishihara S, Yamaguchi H, et al. Nomogram prediction of metachronous colorectal neoplasms in patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2015;261(5):926–932. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anía BJ, Suman VJ, Fairbanks VF, et al. Incidence of anemia in older people: an epidemiologic study in a well defined population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45(7):825–831. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01509.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie N, Yan S, Sun X, et al. Establish a nomogram of cardiac postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Heart Surg Forum. 2021;24(2):E320–E326. doi:10.1532/hsf.3551
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iasonos A, Schrag D, Raj GV, et al. How to build and interpret a nomogram for cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(8):1364–1370. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.12.9791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song W, Zhu ZG, Wu Q, et al. A nomogram to predict overall survival for biliary tract cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;10:1535–1541. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S163291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M, Wang J, Li X, et al. A predictive model for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with gastric cancer: a retrospective study. Am J Transl Res. 2022;14(1):679–686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Tong DK, Ji F, et al. Predictive nomogram for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with a Hip fracture. Injury. 2019;50(2):392–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Z, Cai Y, Zhang X, et al. Predicting delayed neurocognitive recovery after non-cardiac surgery using resting-state brain network patterns combined with machine learning. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:715517. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.715517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inouye SK, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal AP, Horwitz RI. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(12):941–948. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(1):7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delavaran H, Jonsson AC, Lovkvist H, et al. Cognitive function in stroke survivors: a 10-year follow-up study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;136(3):187–194. doi:10.1111/ane.12709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evered LA, Silbert BS, Scott DA, et al. Prevalence of dementia 7.5 years after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesthesiology. 2016;125(1):62–71. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu W, Li W, Tian Z, et al. Nomogram for stability stratification of small intracranial aneurysm based on clinical and morphological risk factors. Front Neurol. 2020;11:598740. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.598740
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moller JT, Cluitmans P, Rasmussen LS, et al. Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: ISPOCD1 study. Lancet. 1998;351(9106):857–861. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07382-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo A, Yan J, Tang X, et al. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the aged: the collision of neuroinflammaging with perioperative neuroinflammation. Inflammopharmacology. 2019;27(1):27–37. doi:10.1007/s10787-018-00559-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atti AR, Palmer K, Volpato S, et al. Anaemia increases the risk of dementia in cognitively intact elderly. Neurobiol Aging. 2006;27(2):278–284. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutch WAC. Jugular bulb saturation and cognitive dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;60(1):231–232. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(00)80005-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacciatore F, Testa G, Langellotto A, et al. Role of ventricular rate response on dementia in cognitively impaired elderly subjects with atrial fibrillation: a 10-year study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2012;34(3–4):143–148. doi:10.1159/000342195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Y, Chen J, Wang Z. Meta-analysis of factors which influence delirium following cardiac surgery. J Card Surg. 2012;27(4):481–492. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8191.2012.01472.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cukierman T, Gerstein HC, Williamson JD. Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes–systematic overview of prospective observational studies. Diabetologia. 2005;48(12):2460–2469. doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0023-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovich-Sapola J, Smith CE, Brandt CP. Postoperative pain control. Surg Clin North Am. 2015;95(2):301–318. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2014.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cakit MO, Cakit BD, Genc H, et al. The association of skinfold anthropometric measures, body composition and disease severity in obese and non-obese fibromyalgia patients: a cross-sectional study. Arch Rheumatol. 2018;33(1):59–65. doi:10.5606/ArchRheumatol.2018.6180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cregg R, Anwar S, Farquhar-Smith P. Persistent postsurgical pain. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2013;7(2):144–152. doi:10.1097/SPC.0b013e328360b09e
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupien SJ, Maheu F, Tu M, et al. The effects of stress and stress hormones on human cognition: implications for the field of brain and cognition. Brain Cogn. 2007;65(3):209–237. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar