Treatment of invasive candidiasis in the elderly: a review

References

• KullbergBJVerweijPEAkovaMEuropean expert opinion on the management of invasive candidiasis in adultsClin Microbiol Infect201117Suppl 5S1S1222069786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PappasPGRexJHLeeJA prospective observational study of candidemia: epidemiology, therapy and influences on mortality in hospitalized adult and pediatric patientsClin Infect Dis20033763464312942393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TortoranoAMPemanJBernhardtHECMM Working Group on CandidaemiaEpidemiology of candidaemia in Europe: results of 28-month European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) in hospital based surveillance studyEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis20042331732215029512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GueryBPArendrupMCAuzingerGManagement of invasive candidiasis and candidemia in adult non-neutropenic intensive care unit patients: Part I. Epidemiology and diagnosisIntensive Care Med200935556218972101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KauffmanCFungal infections in older adultsClin Infect Dis20013355055511462194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PfallerMADiekemaDJEpidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problemClin Microbiol Rev20072013316317223626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DimopoulosGKoulentiDBlotSElderly critically ill patients with infection: Analysis of the Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care Unit (EPIC II) StudyJ Amer Geriatr Soc2013 (In press)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlotSCankurtaranMPetrovicMEpidemiology and outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infection in elderly critically patients: a comparison between middle-aged, old, and very old patientsCrit Care Med2009371634164119325489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DimopoulosGPaivaJAMeerssemanWEfficacy and safety of anidulafungin in elderly, critically ill patients with invasive Candida infections: a post hoc analysisInt J Antimicrob Agents20124052152622998997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NicolasFLe GallJRAlperovitchALoiratPVillersDInfluence of patients’ age on survival, level of therapy and length of stay in intensive care unitsIntensive Care Med1987139133558942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlotSVandewoudeKHosteEPoelaertJColardynFOutcome in critically ill patients with candida fungaemia: Candida albicans versus Candida glabrataJ Hosp Infect20014730831311289775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PappasPGKauffmanCAAndesDClinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of AmericaClin Infect Dis20094850353519191635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UllmannAJGuidelines for the treatment of invasive fungal infections: ESCMID Candida guidelines 2011/2012Mycoses201154Suppl 241
   Google Scholar
• DiekemaDJMesserSABoykenLBIn vitro activity of seven systemically active antifungal agents against a large global collection of rare Candida species as determined by CLSI broth microdilution methodsJ Clin Microbiol2009473170317719710283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PfallerMABoykenLHollisRJIn vitro susceptibility of invasive isolates of Candida spp. to anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin: six years of global surveillanceJ Clin Microbiol20084615015618032613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EggimannPGarbinoJPittetDEpidemiology of Candida species infections in critically ill non-immunosuppressed patientsThe Lancet20033685702
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LimCS-YRosliRSeowHFChongPPCandida and invasive candidiasis: back to the basicsEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis201231213121544694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PfallerMADiekemaDJRinaldiMGResults from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study: a 6.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida and other yeast species to fluconazole and voriconazole by standardized disk diffusion testingJ Clin Microbiol2005435848585916333066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WisplinghoffHBischoffTTallentSMSeifertHWenzelRPEdmondMBNosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance studyClin Infect Dis20043930931715306996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArendrupMCFuurstedKGahrn-HansenBSeminational surveillance of fungemia in Denmark: notably high rates of fungemia and number of isolates with reduced azole susceptibilityJ Clin Microbiol2005434434444016145088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LauplandKBGregsonDBChurchDLRossTElsayedSInvasive Candida species infections: a 5 year population-based assessmentJ Antimicrob Chemother20055653253716040623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SandvenPBevanagerLDigranesAHauklandHHMannsakerTGaustedPNorwegian Yeast Study GroupCandidemia in Norway, 1991 to 2003: results from a nationwide studyJ Clin Microbiol2006441977198116757587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AsmundsdottirLRErlendsdottirHGottfredssonMIncreasing incidence of candidemia: results from a 20-year nationwide study in IcelandJ Clin Microbiol2002403489349212202600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlmiranteBRodriguezDParkBJEpidemiology and predictors of mortality in cases of Candida bloodstream infection: results from population-based surveillance, Barcelona, Spain, from 2002 to 2003J Clin Microbiol2005431829183515815004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MalaniAHmoudJChiuLCarverPLBielaczycAKauffmanCACandida glabrata fungemia: experience in a tertiary care centerClin Infect Dis20054197598116142662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HedderwickSAWanJYBradleySFSangeorzanJATerpeningMSKauffmanCARisk factors for colonization with yeast species in a Veterans Affairs long-term care facilityJ Am Geriatr Soc1998468498539670871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LockhartSRJolySVargasKSwails-WengerJEngerLSollDRNatural defences against Candida colonization break down in the oral cavities of the elderlyJ Dent Res19997885786810326730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abi-SaidDAnaissieEUzunORaadIPinzcowskiHVartivarianSThe epidemiology of hematogenous candidiasis caused by different Candida speciesClin Infect Dis199724112211289195068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarrKASeidelKWhiteTCBowdenRACandidemia in allogeneic blood and marrow transplant recipients: evolution of risk factors after the adoption of prophylactic fluconazoleJ Infect Dis200018130931610608780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SafdarAChaturvediVCrossEWProspective study of Candida species in patients at a comprehensive cancer centerAntimicrob Agents Chemother2001452129213311408236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClarkTASlavinskiSAMorganJEdemiologic and molecular characterization of an outbreak of Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infections in a community hospitalJ Clin Microbiol2004424468447215472295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiekemaDJMesserSAHollisRJWenzelRPPfallerMAAn outbreak of Candida parapsilosis prosthetic valve endocarditisDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis1997291471539401807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FridkinSKThe changing face of fungal infections in health care settingsClin Infect Dis2005411455146016231257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ViscoliCGirmeniaCMarinusACandidemia in cancer patients: a prospective, multicenter surveillance study by the Invasive Fungal Infection Group (IFIG) of the European Organizaiton for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)Clin Infect Dis1999281071107910452637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinMYCarmeliYZumstegJPrior antimicrobial therapy and risk for hospital-acquired Candida glabrata and Candida krusei fungemia: a case-case-control studyAntimicrob Agents Chemother2005494555456016251295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColomboALNucciMSalomãoRHigh rate of non-albicans candidemia in Brazilian tertiary care hospitalsDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis19993428128610459478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColomboALMeloASARosasRFCOutbreak of Candida rugosa candidemia: an emerging pathogen that may be refractory to Amphotericin B therapyDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis20034625325712944016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DubeMPHeseltinePNRinaldiMGEvansEZawackiBFungemia and colonization with nystatin-resistant Candida rugosa in a burn unitClin Infect Dis19941877828054438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReinhardtJFRuanePJWalkerLJGeorgeWLIntravenous catheter-associated fungemia due to Candida rugosaJ Clin Microbiol198522105610574066918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SugitaTTakeoKOhkusuMFluconazole-resistant pathogens Candida inconspicua and Candida norvegensis: DNA sequence diversity of the rRNA intergenic spacer region, antifungal drug susceptibility, and extracellular enzyme productionMicrobiol Immunol20044876176615502409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’AntonioDViolanteBMazzoniAA nosocomial cluster of Candida inconspicua infections in patients with hematological malignanciesJ Clin Microbiol1998367927959508314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BailyGGMooreCBEssayagSMde WitSBurnieJPDenningDWCandida inconspicua, a fluconazole-resistant pathogen in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virusClin Infect Dis1997251611629243058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HofHMikusGCandida infections in the elderlyZ Gerontol Geriatr2013466470 German [with English abstract]22297919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZarembaMLDanilukTRozkiewiczDIncidence rate of Candida species in the oral cavity of middle-aged and elderly subjectsAdv Med Sci200651Suppl 123323617458099
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FanelloSBoucharaJPSauteronMPredictive value of oral colonization by Candida yeasts for the onset of a nosocomial infection in elderly hospitalized patientsJ Med Microbiol20065522322816434716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AwDSilvaABPalmerDBIs the thymocyte development functional in the aged?Aging2009114615320157506
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colonna-RomanoGBuffaSBulatiMB cells compartment in centenarian offspring and old peopleCurr Pharm Des20101660460820388070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StineJGSateeshPLewisJHDrug-induced liver injury in the elderlyCurr Gastroenterol Rep20131529923250699
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WoodhouseKWynneHAAge-related changes in hepatic function. Implications in drug therapyDrugs Aging199222432551606355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DerayGAmphotericin B nephrotoxicityJ Antimicrob Chemother200249Suppl 1S37S41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TulnerLRKuperIMFrankfortSVDiscrepancies in reported drug use in geriatric outpatients: relevance to adverse events and drug-drug interactionsAm J Geriatr Pharmacother200979310419447362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FickDMCooperJWWadeWEWallerJLMacleanJRBeersMHUpdating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of expertsArch Intern Med20031632716272414662625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GallagherPBarryPO’ MahonyDInappropriate prescribing in the elderlyJ Clin Pharm Ther20073211312117381661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YoonSLSchafferSDHerbal, prescribed and over-the-counter drug use in older women: prevalence of drug interactionsGeriatr Nurs20062711812916638483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AhmadSKhanZInvasive candidiasis: A review of nonculture-base laboratory diagnosting methodsIndian J Microbiol201230264269
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FalagasMEApostolouKEPappasVDAttributable mortality of candidemia: a systematic review of matched cohort and case-control studiesEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis20062541942516773391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SendidBTabouretMPoirotJLMathieuDFruitJPoulainDNew enzyme immunoassays for sensitive detection of circulating Candida albicans mannan and antimannan antibodies: useful combined test for diagnosis of systemic candidiasisJ Clin Microbiol1999371510151710203514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MokaddasEKhanZUAhmadSNampooryMRBurhamahMValue of (1–3)-β-d-glucan, Candida mannan and Candida DNA detection in the diagnosis of candidemiaClin Microbiol Infect2011171549155321883664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SendidBPoirotJLTabouretMCombined detection of mannanaemia and antimannan antibodies as a strategy for the diagnosis of systemic infection caused by pathogenic Candida speciesJ Med Microbiol20025143344211990496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KooSBryarJMPageJHBadenLRMartyFMDiagnostic performance of the (1–>3) -β-D-glucan assay for invasive fungal diseaseClin Infect Dis2009491650165919863452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrosky-ZeichnerLAlexanderBDKettDHMulticenter clinical evaluation of the (1–>3) beta-D-glucan assay as an aid to diagnosis of fungal infections in humansClin Infect Dis20054165465916080087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DimopoulosGAntonopoulouAArmaganidisAVincentJLHow to select an antifungal agent in critically-ill patientsJ Crit Care2013 (In press)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NucciMLoureiroMSilveiraFComparison of the toxicity of amphotericin B in 5% dextrose with that of amphotericin B in fat emulsion in a randomized trial with cancer patientsAntimicrob Agents Chemother1999431445144810348768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhiteMHBowdenRASandlerESRandomized, double-blind clinical trial of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of fever and neutropeniaClin Infect Dis1998272963029709879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalshTJFinbergRWArndtCLiposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study GroupN Engl J Med199934076477110072411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SharkeyPKGraybillJRJohnsonESAmphotericin B lipid complex compared with amphotericin B in the treatment of cryptococcal menignitis in patients with AIDSClin Infect Dis1996223153218838189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WingardJRWhiteMHAnaissieERaffalliJGoodmanJArrietaALAmph/ABLC Collaborative Study GroupA randomized, double-blind comparative trial evaluating the safety of liposomal amphotericin B versus amphotericin B lipid complex in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropeniaClin Infect Dis2000311155116311073745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PovoaPGoncalves-PereiraJTreatment of candidemia in adult patients without neutropenia – an inconvenient truthCrit Care20111511421345263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RexJHBennettJESugarAMA randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia. Candidemia Study Group and the National InstituteN Engl J Med1994331132513307935701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RexJHPappasPGKarchmerAWA randomized and blinded multicenter trial of high-dose fluconazole plus placebo versus fluconazole plus amphotericin B as therapy for candidemia and its consequences in non-neutropenic subjectsClin Infect Dis2003361221122812746765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoefflerJStevensDAntifungal drug resistanceClin Infect Dis200336Suppl 1S31S4112516028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von MachMABurhenneJWeilemannLSAccumulation of the solvent vehicle sulphobutylether beta cyclodextrin sodium in critically ill patients treated with intravenous voriconazole under renal replacement therapyBMC Clin Pharmacol2006661216981986
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WalshTJPappasPWinstonDJNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study GroupVoriconazole compared with Liposomal Amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenia and persistent feverN Engl J Med200234622523411807146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mora-DuarteJBettsRRotsteinCComparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasisN Engl J Med20023472020202912490683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KuseERChetchotisakdPda CunhaCAMicafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for candidemia and invasive candidiasis: a phase III randomised double-blind trialLancet20073691519152717482982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReboliACRotsteinCPappasPGAnidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasisN Engl J Med20073562472248217568028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PappasPGRotsteinCMBettsRFMicafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasisClin Infect Dis20074588389317806055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArendrupMCGarcia-EffronGLass-FlorlCEchinocandin susceptibility testing of Candida species: comparison of EUCAST EDef 7.1, CLSI m27-a3, Etest, disk diffusion, and agar dilution methods with RPMI and isosensitest mediaAntimicrob Agents Chemother20105442643919884370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-EffronGKatiyarSKParkSEdlindTDPerlinDSA naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibilityAntimicrob Agents Chemother2008522305231218443110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PfeifferCDGarcia-EffronGZaasAKPerfectJRPerlinDSAlexanderBDBreakthrough invasive candidiasis on micafunginJ Clin Microbiol2010482373238020421445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kale-PradhanPBMorganGWilhelmSMJohnsonLBComparative efficacy of echinocandins and nonechinocandins for the treatment of Candida parapsilosis infections: a meta-analysisPharmacotherapy2010301207121321114387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChamilosGLewisREAlbertNKontoyiannisDPParadoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and Candida species-related differencesAntimicrob Agents Chemother2007512257225917438060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EschenauerGDePestelDDCarverPLComparison of echinocandin antifungalsTher Clin Risk Manag20073719718360617
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MorrellMFraserVJKollefMHDelaying the empiric treatment of Candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: a potential risk factor for hospital mortalityAntimicrob Agents Chemother2005493640364516127033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumarAEllisPArabiYInitiation of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy results in a fivefold reduction of survival in human septic shockChest20091361237124819696123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParkinsMDSabudaDMElsayedSLauplandKBAdequacy of empirical antifungal therapy and effect on outcome among patients with invasive Candida species infectionsJ Antimicrob Chemother20076061361817576697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumarARobertsDWoodKEDuration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shockCrit Care Med2006341589159616625125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeónCRuiz-SantanaSSaavedraPEPCAN Study GroupA bedside scoring system (“Candida score”) for early antifungal treatment in nonneutropenic critically ill patients with Candida colonizationCrit Care Med20063473073716505659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeónCRuiz-SantanaSSaavedraPCava Study GroupUsefulness of the “Candida score” for discriminating between Candida colonization and invasive candidiasis in non-neutropenic critically ill patients: a prospective multicenter studyCrit Care Med2009371624163319325481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColomboALGuimarãesTSilvaLRBFProspective observational study of candidemia in São Paulo, Brazil: incidence rate, epidemiology, and predictors of mortalityInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol20072857057617464917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BassettiMTrecarichiEMRighiEIncidence, risk factors, and predictors of outcome of candidemia. Survey in 2 Italian university hospitalsDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis20075832533117350205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar