1,820
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
PERSPECTIVES

Management of Agitation in Behaviours That Challenge in Dementia Care: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Non-Pharmacological Strategies

ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 219-230 | Received 30 Nov 2022, Accepted 19 Jan 2023, Published online: 18 Feb 2023

References

  • Rabins PV, Blacker D, Rovner BW., et al.; APA Work Group on Alzheimer’s Disease and other Dementia. American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(12 Suppl):5–56.
  • NICE. Dementia: assessment, management and support for people living with dementia and their carer. 2018; NG97. Available from: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97. Accessed 22, November 2022.
  • Ma H, Lu X, Zhou A, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review with AGREE II. Front Neurol. 2022;13:799723. doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.799723
  • Gray K, Moniz-Cook E, Reichelt FK, James IA, James IA. Professional perspectives on applying the NICE and British Psychological Society Guidelines for the management of Behaviours that Challenge in dementia care: an e-survey. Br J Clin Psychol. 2021;61(1):112–131. doi:10.1111/bjc.12316
  • Dyer S, Harrison S, Laver K, Whitehead C, Crotty M. An overview of systematic reviews of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Int Psychogeriatr. 2018;30(3):295–309. doi:10.1017/S1041610217002344
  • Holle D, Halek M, Holle B, Pinkert C. Individualized formulation-led interventions for analyzing and managing challenging behavior of people with dementia – an integrative review. Aging Ment Health. 2016;21:1229–1247. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1247429
  • James I, Gray K, Moniz-Cook E, Lee K, Reichelt K, Richardson J. Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: a new framework for holistic understanding and nonpharmacological management. Br J Psychiatry Advan. 2021. doi:10.1192/bja.2021.12
  • Moniz-Cook ED, Swift K, James I, Malouf R, De Vugt M, Verhey F. Functional analysis-based interventions for challenging behaviour in dementia. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2012;2:CD006929.
  • McKenna M, Brown LJ, Berry K. Formulation‐led care in care homes: staff perspectives on this psychological approach to managing behaviour in dementia care. Int J Older People Nurs. 2022;17:e12465. doi:10.1111/opn.12465
  • James IA, Jackman L. Understanding Behaviour in Dementia That Challenges: A Guide to Assessment and Treatment. 2nd ed. London: Jessica Kingsley; 2017.
  • Wolverson E, Birtles H, Moniz-Cook E, James IA, Brooker D, Duffy F. Naming and framing the Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) paradigm: professional stakeholder perspectives. OBM Geriatrics. 2019;3(4):19. doi:10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904080
  • Cunningham C, Macfarlane S, Brodaty H. Language paradigms when behaviour changes with dementia: banBPSD. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr. 2019;34(8):1109–1113. doi:10.1002/gps.5122
  • Wolverson E, Dunn R, Moniz‐Cook E, Gove D, Diaz‐Ponce A. The language of behaviour changes in dementia: a mixed methods survey exploring the perspectives of people with dementia. J Ad Nurs. 2021;77(4):992–2001.
  • Wolverson E, Moniz-Cook E, Dunn R, Dunning R. Family carer perspectives on the language of behaviour change in dementia: an online mixed methods survey. Age Ageing. 2022;51(3):afac047. doi:10.1093/ageing/afac047
  • Cohen-Mansfield J. Conceptualization of agitation: results based on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and the Agitation Behavior Mapping Instrument. Int Psychogeriatr. 1997;8(S3):309–315. doi:10.1017/S1041610297003530
  • Cohen-Mansfield J, Marx MS, Rosenthal AS. A description of agitation in a nursing home. J Gerontol. 1989;44:M77–M84. doi:10.1093/geronj/44.3.M77
  • Panca M, Livingston G, Barber J, et al. Healthcare resource utilisation and costs of agitation in people with dementia living in care homes in England - The Managing Agitation and Raising QUality of LifE in dementia (MARQUE) study. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0211953. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211953
  • Gola AB, Morris S, Candy B, et al. Healthcare utilization and monetary costs associated with agitation in UK care home residents with advanced dementia: a prospective cohort study. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020;32(3):359–370. doi:10.1017/S1041610219002059
  • Costa N, Wübker A, De Mauléon A, et al. Costs of care of agitation associated with dementia in 8 European countries: results from the RightTimePlaceCare study. J American Med Assoc. 2018;19(1):95–e1.
  • Cloutier M, Gauthier-Loiselle M, Gagnon-Sanschagri P, et al. Institutionalization risk and costs associated with agitation in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer's & Disease:Trans Res Clin Interven. 2019;5:851–861. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2019.10.004
  • Livingston G, Kelly L, Lewis-Holmes E, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. The Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205(6):436–442. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.141119
  • Livingston G, Barber J, Marston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of the managing agitation and raising quality of life (MARQUE) intervention for agitation in people with dementia in care homes: a single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(4):293–304. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30045-8
  • James IA. The use of CBT in dementia care: a rationale for Communication and Interaction Therapy (CAIT) and therapeutic lies. Cogn Behav Therapist. 2015;8. doi:10.1017/S1754470X15000185
  • O’Brien R, Goldberg SE, Pilnick A, et al. The VOICE study – a before and after study of a dementia communication skills training course. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):e0198567. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198567
  • Harwood RH, O’Brien R, Goldberg SE, et al. A staff training intervention to improve communication between people living with dementia and health-care professionals in hospital: the VOICE mixed-methods development and evaluation study. Health Serv Deliv Res. 2018;6:41. doi:10.3310/hsdr06410
  • Torossian MR. (2021) The dignity of older individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: a scoping review. Dementia. 2021;20(8):2891–2915. doi:10.1177/14713012211021722
  • James IA, Hope A. Relevance of emotions and beliefs in the treatment of behaviors that challenge in dementia patients. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2013;3(6):575–588. doi:10.2217/nmt.13.60
  • Kverno KS, Black BS, Nolan M, Rabins PV. Research on treating neuropsychiatric symptoms of advanced dementia with non-pharmacological strategies, 1998–2008: a systematic literature review. Int Psychogeriatr. 2009;21(5):825–843. doi:10.1017/S1041610209990196
  • Hallett N, Dickens GL. De-escalation of aggressive behaviour in healthcare settings: concept analysis. Int J Nurs Studies. 2017;75:10–20. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.07.003
  • O’Connor CMC, Mioshi E, Kaizik C, Fisher A, Hornberger M, Piguet O. Positive behaviour support in frontotemporal dementia: a pilot study. Neuropsychol Rehab. 2021;31(4):507–530. doi:10.1080/09602011.2019.1707099
  • Fisher AC, Cheung SC, O’Connor CMC, Piguet O. The Acceptability and usefulness of Positive Behaviour Support education for family carers of people with frontotemporal dementia: a pilot study. J Geriatr Psychiatry and Neurol. 2022;37(12). doi:10.1177/08919887221090214
  • Thompson D, Shirley L, Gray K, James IA. New perspectives on the management of behavioural & emotional expressions of need: the micro-skills involved in de-escalating agitation. J Dement Care. 2022;30(2):22–23.
  • Vasse E, Vernooij M, Spijker A, Olde Rikkert M, Koopmans R. A systematic review of communication strategies for people with dementia in residential and nursing homes. Int Psychogeriatr. 2010;22(2):189–200. doi:10.1017/S1041610209990615
  • Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3:77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • James I, Randall C, Reichelt K. Thirty-six ways to de-escalate ‘behaviour that challenge’: helping carers know what they already know by improving ‘dementia care literacy’. J Dement Care. 2022;30(5):29–33.
  • Kitwood T. Dementia Reconsidered: The Person Comes First. Buckingham: Open University Press; 1997.
  • Bradford Dementia Group. Dementia Care Mapping 8 User’s Manual. The DCM Method, University of Bradford; 2005.
  • Fossey J, Ballard C, Juczak E, et al. Effect of enhanced psychosocial care on antipsychotic use in nursing home residents with severe dementia: a cluster randomised trial. Br Med J. 2006;332:756–758. doi:10.1136/bmj.38782.575868.7C
  • James I, Mahesh M, Duffy F, Reichelt K, Moniz-Cook E. UK clinicians’ views on the use of formulations for the management of BPSD: a multidisciplinary survey. Ageing Ment Health. 2020;25(12):2347–2354. doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1830944
  • Surr C, Gates C. What works in delivering dementia education or training to hospital staff? A synthesis of the evidence. Int J Nurs Studies. 2017;75:172–188. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.08.002
  • Ehlman M, Nimkar S, Nolan B, Thomas P, Caballero C, Snow T. Health worker’s knowledge and perceptions of dementia in skilled nursing homes: a pilot implementation of Teepa Snow’s positive approach to care certification course. J Contin Educ Health Profess. 2018;38(3):190–197. doi:10.1097/CEH.0000000000000216
  • James IA, Gibbons L. Communication Skills for Effective Dementia Care. London: Jessica Kingsley; 2019.
  • Culley H, Barber R, Hope A, James IA. Therapeutic lying in dementia care. Nurs Standard. 2013;28(1):35–39. doi:10.7748/ns2013.09.28.1.35.e7749
  • McCaulay S (2015). B is for Breathe in BANGS. Available from http://myalzheimersstory.com/2015/06/18/b-is-for-breathe-in-bangs. Accessed 27, Jan 2022.
  • Crooks M, Smith K, Bell L, James IA. Restraints and restrictive interventions during essential personal care in elderly people living with dementia in care homes. Neuropsychiatr Dis J. 2021;15(2):26–38. doi:10.9734/indj/2021/v15i230150
  • James IA, Moniz-Cook E, Duffy F. Editorial of Special Edition on Behaviours that Challenge. Psychol Older People. 2019;148:3–5. doi:10.53841/bpsfpop.2019.1.148.3
  • Edgar F. Mnemonic techniques: how to CEASE stress and distress. J Dement Care. 2017;25(5):32–34.
  • Duffy F. CLEAR Dementia Care © A Model to Assess and Address Unmet Need. Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2019.
  • Ballard C, Orrell M, Moniz-Cook E, et al. Improving mental health and reducing antipsychotic use in people with dementia in care homes: the WHELD research programme including two RCTs. Programme Grants Appl Res. 2020;8(6). doi:10.3310/pgfar08060
  • Blackhall A, Hawkes D, Hingley D, Wood S. VERA framework: communication with people who have dementia. Nurs Standard. 2021;26(100):35–39. doi:10.7748/ns.26.10.35.s49