Gut Microbiota and Aging: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine

References

• WHO. Maximizing potential of traditional medicines through modern science and technology; 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/zh/news/item/25-03-2022-who-establishes-The-global-centre-for-traditional-medicine-in-india. Accessed June 12, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• DeJong EN, Surette MG, Bowdish DME. The gut microbiota and unhealthy aging: disentangling cause from consequence. Cell Host Microbe. 2020;28(2):180–189. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partridge L, Deelen J, Slagboom PE. Facing up to the global challenges of ageing. Nature. 2018;561(7721):45–56. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0457-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagger C, Gillies C, Moscone F, et al. Inequalities in healthy life years in the 25 countries of the European Union in 2005: a cross-national meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2008;372(9656):2124–2131. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61594-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway JA, Duggal N. Ageing of the gut microbiome: potential influences on immune senescence and inflammageing. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;68:101323. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepper GV, Nettle D. Perceived extrinsic mortality risk and reported effort in looking after health: testing a behavioral ecological prediction. Hum Nat. 2014;25(3):378–392. doi:10.1007/s12110-014-9204-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pei H, Ma L, Cao Y, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine for Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive impairment: a review. Am J Chin Med. 2020;48(3):487–511. doi:10.1142/S0192415X20500251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang HY, Tian JX, Lian FM, et al. Therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to improve metabolic diseases via the gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;133:110857. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Yang S, Wang K, et al. Cellular senescence and cancer: focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and natural products. Cell Prolif. 2020;53(10):e12894. doi:10.1111/cpr.12894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenghua P, Ziqin Z, Shuyu T, et al. An integrated fecal microbiome and metabolome in the aged mice reveal anti-aging effects from the intestines and biochemical mechanism of FuFang zhenshu TiaoZhi(FTZ). Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;121:109421. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson GP, Lee SM, Mazmanian SK. Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016;14(1):20–32. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan Y, Pedersen O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(1):55–71. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evenepoel P, Poesen R, Meijers B. The gut-kidney axis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017;32(11):2005–2014. doi:10.1007/s00467-016-3527-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosterd CM, Kanbay M, van den Born BJH, et al. Intestinal microbiota and diabetic kidney diseases: the Role of microbiota and derived metabolites inmodulation of renal inflammation and disease progression. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;35(3):101484. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2021.101484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch SV, Pedersen O, Phimister EG. The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2369–2379. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1600266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivey KL, Hodgson JM, Kerr DA, et al. The effects of probiotic bacteria on glycaemic control in overweight men and women: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014;68(4):447–452. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang S, Dong L. Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021;40(1):221. doi:10.1186/s13046-021-01983-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang T, Cheng JK, Hu YM. Gut microbiota as a promising therapeutic target for age-related sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev. 2022;81:101739. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Białecka-Dębek A, Granda D, Szmidt MK, et al. Gut microbiota, probiotic interventions, and cognitive function in the elderly: a review of current knowledge. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2514. doi:10.3390/nu13082514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walrath T, Dyamenahalli KU, Hulsebus HJ, et al. Age-related changes in intestinal immunity and the microbiome. J Leukoc Biol. 2021;109(6):1045–1061. doi:10.1002/JLB.3RI0620-405RR
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi N, Li N, Duan X, et al. Interaction between the gut microbiome and mucosal immune system. Mil Med Res. 2017;4:14. doi:10.1186/s40779-017-0122-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Wong YK, Liao F. What has traditional Chinese medicine delivered for modern medicine? Expert Rev Mol Med. 2018;20:e4. doi:10.1017/erm.2018.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W-Y, Zhou H, Wang Y-F, et al. Current policies and measures on the development of traditional Chinese medicine in China. Pharmacol Res. 2021;163:105187. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu K, Guan WJ, Bi Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of Lianhuaqingwen capsules, a repurposed Chinese herb, in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 2021;85:153242. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang WY. Therapeutic wisdom in traditional Chinese medicine: a perspective from modern science. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2005;26(11):558–563. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong J. The relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:153148. doi:10.1155/2013/153148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corson TW, Crews CM. Molecular understanding and modern application of traditional medicines: triumphs and trials. Cell. 2007;130(5):769–774. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JW-H, Vederas JC. Drug discovery and natural products: end of an era or an endless frontier? Science. 2009;325(5937):161–165. doi:10.1126/science.1168243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu Y. Tu Youyou biographical; 2015. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/tu/biographical/. Accessed June 12, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Lin TL, Lu CC, Lai WF, et al. Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites. Protein Cell. 2021;12(5):394–410. doi:10.1007/s13238-020-00784-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li LC, Kan LD. Traditional Chinese medicine for pulmonary fibrosis therapy: progress and future prospects. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;198:45–63. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu P, Zhao H, Luo Y. Anti-aging implications of Astragalus Membranaceus (Huangqi): a well-known Chinese tonic. Aging Dis. 2017;8(6):868–886. doi:10.14336/AD.2017.0816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X, Zhou S, Yan R, et al. Parishin from gastrodia elata ameliorates aging phenotype in mice in a gut microbiota-related manner. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:877099. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.877099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu HC, Zheng LT, Yin HY, et al. A significant association between rhein and diabetic nephropathy in animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1473. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Zhao Q, Liu J, Huang A, Xia X. Buyang Huanwu decoction affects gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in a ZDF rat model of co-morbid type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: an integrated metabolomics analysis. Front Chem. 2022;10:1036380. doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.1036380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Hu Y, Chen L, Liu W, Mu Y, Liu P. The effect and mechanisms of Fuzheng Huayu formula against chronic liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;114:108846. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Gao X, Bai H, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiome: their respective and concert effects on healthcare. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:538. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulde M, Hornef MW. Maturation of the enteric mucosal innate immune system during the postnatal period. Immunol Rev. 2014;260(1):21–34. doi:10.1111/imr.12190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuman H, Debelius JW, Knight R, Koren O, Banin E. Microbial endocrinology: the interplay between the microbiota and the endocrine system. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2015;39(4):509–521. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuu010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canfora EE, Jocken JW, Blaak EE. Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015;11(10):577–591. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng P, Zeng B, Liu M, et al. The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in mice. Sci Adv. 2019;5(2):eaau8317. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau8317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomaa EZ. Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review. Antonie Leeuwenhoek. 2020;113(12):2019–2040. doi:10.1007/s10482-020-01474-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thursby E, Juge N. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J. 2017;474(11):1823–1836. doi:10.1042/BCJ20160510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry RJ, Peng L, Barry NA, et al. Acetate mediates a microbiome-brain-β-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2016;534(7606):213–217. doi:10.1038/nature18309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Guryn K, Hubert N, Frazier K, et al. Small intestine microbiota regulate host digestive and absorptive adaptive responses to dietary lipids. Cell Host Microbe. 2018;23(4):458–469.e5. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.03.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kübeck R, Bonet-Ripoll C, Hoffmann C, et al. Dietary fat and gut microbiota interactions determine diet-induced obesity in mice. Mol Metab. 2016;5(12):1162–1174. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.10.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mardinoglu A, Shoaie S, Bergentall M, et al. The gut microbiota modulates host amino acid and glutathione metabolism in mice. Mol Syst Biol. 2015;11(10):834. doi:10.15252/msb.20156487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesemann DR, Portuguese AJ, Meyers RM, et al. Microbial colonization influences early B-lineage development in the gut lamina propria. Nature. 2013;501(7465):112–115. doi:10.1038/nature12496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claesson MJ, Jeffery IB, Conde S, et al. Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature. 2012;488(7410):178–184. doi:10.1038/nature11319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang WC, Chen YH, Chuang HL, Chiu CC, Huang CC. Investigation of the effects of microbiota on exercise physiological adaption, performance, and energy utilization using a gnotobiotic animal model. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1906. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikolova VL, Smith MRB, Hall LJ, et al. Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in psychiatric disorders: a review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(12):1343–1354. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin J, Li R, Raes J, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. 2010;464(7285):59–65. doi:10.1038/nature08821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Martels JZH, Sadaghian Sadabad M, Bourgonje AR, et al. The role of gut microbiota in health and disease: in vitro modeling of host-microbe interactions at the aerobe-anaerobe interphase of the human gut. Anaerobe. 2017;44:3–12. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittal R, Coopersmith CM. Redefining the gut as the motor of critical illness. Trends Mol Med. 2014;20(4):214–223. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2013.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biagi E, Franceschi C, Rampelli S, et al. Gut microbiota and extreme longevity. Curr Biol. 2016;26(11):1480–1485. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff SC. Microbiota and aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016;19(1):26–30. doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar N, Arboleya S, Fernández-Navarro T, et al. Age-associated changes in gut microbiota and dietary components related with the immune system in adulthood and old age: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2019;11(8):1765. doi:10.3390/nu11081765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaiserman AM, Koliada AK, Marotta F. Gut microbiota: a player in aging and a target for anti-aging intervention. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;35:36–45. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Toole PW, Jeffery IB. Gut microbiota and aging. Science. 2015;350(6265):1214–1215. doi:10.1126/science.aac8469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh TS, Das M, Jeffery IB, et al. Adjusting for age improves identification of gut microbiome alterations in multiple diseases. Elife. 2020;9:e50240. doi:10.7554/eLife.50240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffery IB, Lynch DB, O’Toole PW. Composition and temporal stability of the gut microbiota in older persons. ISME J. 2016;10(1):170–182. doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato KR, Sanders J, Song SJ, et al. Evolutionary trends in host physiology outweigh dietary niche in structuring primate gut microbiomes. ISME J. 2019;13(3):576–587. doi:10.1038/s41396-018-0175-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elderman M, Sovran B, Hugenholtz F, et al. The effect of age on the intestinal mucus thickness, microbiota composition and immunity in relation to sex in mice. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0184274. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rampelli S, Candela M, Turroni S, et al. Functional metagenomic profiling of intestinal microbiome in extreme ageing. Aging . 2013;5(12):902–912. doi:10.18632/aging.100623
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blacher E, Levy M, Tatirovsky E, Elinav E. Microbiome-modulated metabolites at the interface of host immunity. J Immunol. 2017;198(2):572–580. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith P, Willemsen D, Popkes M, et al. Regulation of life span by the gut microbiota in the short-lived African turquoise killifish. Elife. 2017;6:e27014. doi:10.7554/eLife.27014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossad O, Nent E, Woltemate S, et al.. Microbiota-dependent increase in δ-valerobetaine alters neuronal function and is responsible for age-related cognitive decline. Nat Aging 1. 2021;1127–1136. doi:10.1038/s43587-021-00141-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boehme M, Guzzetta KE, Bastiaanssen TFS, et al. Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioral deficits. Nat Aging 1. 2021;1(8):666–676. doi:10.1038/s43587-021-00093-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Collado MC, Rautava S, Aakko J, et al. Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):23129. doi:10.1038/srep23129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez E, Marín ML, Martín R, et al. Is meconium from healthy newborns actually sterile? Res Microbiol. 2008;159(3):187–193. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2007.12.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aagaard K, Ma J, Antony KM, et al. The placenta harbors a unique microbiome. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6(237):237ra65. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braniste V, Al-Asmakh M, Kowal C, et al. The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6(263):263ra158. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bokulich NA, Chung J, Battaglia T, et al. Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(343):343ra82. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aad7121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu DM, Ma J, Prince AL, et al. Maturation of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple body sites and in relation to mode of delivery. Nat Med. 2017;23(3):314–326. doi:10.1038/nm.4272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yassour M, Vatanen T, Siljander H, et al. Natural history of the infant gut microbiome and impact of antibiotic treatment on bacterial strain diversity and stability. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(343):343ra81. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig JE, Spor A, Scalfone N, et al. Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(Suppl 1):4578–4585. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000081107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, et al. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature. 2012;486(7402):222–227. doi:10.1038/nature11053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollister EB, Riehle K, Luna RA, et al. Structure and function of the healthy pre-adolescent pediatric gut microbiome. Microbiome. 2015;3:36. doi:10.1186/s40168-015-0101-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins MJ, Sharp R, Macfarlane GT. Age and disease related changes in intestinal bacterial populations assessed by cell culture, 16S rRNA abundance, and community cellular fatty acid profiles. Gut. 2001;48(2):198–205. doi:10.1136/gut.48.2.198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cryan JF, O’Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, et al. The microbiota-gut-brain axis. Physiol Rev. 2019;99(4):1877–2013. doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claesson MJ, Cusack S, O’Sullivan O, et al. Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(Suppl 1):4586–4591. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000097107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zapata HJ, Quagliarello VJ. The microbiota and microbiome in aging: potential implications in health and age-related diseases. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(4):776–781. doi:10.1111/jgs.13310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilmanski T, Diener C, Rappaport N, et al. Gut microbiome pattern reflects healthy ageing and predicts survival in humans [published correction appears in Nat Metab. 2021 Apr;3(4):586]. Nat Metab. 2021;3(2):274–286. doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00348-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMurdie PJ, Holmes S, Watson M. phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61217. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis KN, Rubinstein ND, Buffenstein R. A window into extreme longevity; the circulating metabolomic signature of the naked mole-rat, a mammal that shows negligible senescence [published correction appears in Geroscience. 2018 May 31]. Geroscience. 2018;40(2):105–121. doi:10.1007/s11357-018-0014-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biagi E, Nylund L, Candela M, et al.. Correction: through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. PLoS One. 2010;5(6). doi:10.1371/annotation/df45912f-d15c-44ab-8312-e7ec0607604d
   Google Scholar
• Giron M, Thomas M, Dardevet D, Chassard C, Savary-Auzeloux I. Gut microbes and muscle function: can probiotics make our muscles stronger? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(3):1460–1476. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahiri S, Kim H, Garcia-Perez I, et al. The gut microbiota influences skeletal muscle mass and function in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(502):eaan5662. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng W, Ao H, Peng C, et al. Gut microbiota, a new frontier to understand traditional Chinese medicines. Pharmacol Res. 2019;142:176–191. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, et al. Gut microbiota and Chinese medicine syndrome: altered fecal microbiotas in spleen (Pi)-deficient patients. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020;40(1):137–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Dong H, Wang Y, et al. Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides ameliorated renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy rats by repressing inflammation and modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;163:442–456. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han W, Ma Q, Liu Y, et al. Huangkui capsule alleviates renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Phytomedicine. 2019;57:203–214. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu L, Han J, Yuan R, Xue L, Pang W. Berberine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Biol Res. 2018;51(1):9. doi:10.1186/s40659-018-0157-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang JH, Kim BS, Han K, Kim H. Ephedra-treated donor-derived gut microbiota transplantation ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(6):555. doi:10.3390/ijerph14060555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runfeng L, Yunlong H, Jicheng H, et al. Lianhuaqingwen exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Pharmacol Res. 2020;156:104761. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Zhao Y, Xu J, et al. Modulation of gut microbiota by berberine and metformin during the treatment of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Sci Rep. 2015;5:14405. doi:10.1038/srep14405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao J, Liu Y, Wang H, et al. An integrated fecal microbiome and metabolomics in T2DM rats reveal antidiabetes effects from host-microbial metabolic axis of EtOAc extract from Sophora flavescens. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:1805418. doi:10.1155/2020/1805418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun H, Wang N, Cang Z, et al. Modulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis by berberine resulting in improved metabolic status in high-fat diet-fed rats. Obes Facts. 2016;9(6):365–378. doi:10.1159/000449507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Li J, Yu J, et al. Disorder of gut amino acids metabolism during CKD progression is related with gut microbiota dysbiosis and metagenome change. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018;149:425–435. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao S, Zhang Z, Chen M, et al. Xiexin Tang ameliorates dyslipidemia in high-fat diet-induced obese rats via elevating gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids production and adjusting energy metabolism. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;241:112032. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei X, Tao J, Xiao S, et al. Xiexin Tang improves the symptom of type 2 diabetic rats by modulation of the gut microbiota. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):3685. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22094-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen M, Liao Z, Lu B, et al. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-decoction ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin resistant in association with gut microbiota modulation. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2380. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain A, Yadav MK, Bose S, et al. Daesiho-Tang is an effective herbal formulation in attenuation of obesity in mice through alteration of gene expression and modulation of intestinal microbiota. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165483. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Lian F, Zhao L, et al. Structural modulation of gut microbiota during alleviation of type 2 diabetes with a Chinese herbal formula. ISME J. 2015;9(3):552–562. doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leng J, Huang F, Hai Y, et al. Amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Qushi Huayu decoction is associated with inhibition of the intestinal mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Phytomedicine. 2020;66:153135. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui HX, Zhang LS, Luo Y, Yuan K, Huang ZY, Guo Y. A purified anthraquinone-glycoside preparation from rhubarb ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the gut microbiota and reducing inflammation. FrontMicrobiol. 2019;10:1423. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01423
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Zang P, Chen J, et al. Gut microbiota play an essential role in the antidiabetic effects of rhein. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:6093282. doi:10.1155/2018/6093282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang CJ, Lin CS, Lu CC, et al. Ganoderma lucidum reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Nat Commun. 2015;6:7489. doi:10.1038/ncomms8489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Bao L, Zhou N, et al. Structural modification of natural product ganomycin I leading to discovery of a α-glucosidase and HMG-CoA reductase dual inhibitor improving obesity and metabolic dysfunction in vivo. J Med Chem. 2018;61(8):3609–3625. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pussinen PJ, Havulinna AS, Lehto M, Sundvall J, Salomaa V. Endotoxemia is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(2):392–397. doi:10.2337/dc10-1676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh A, De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, et al. From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites. Cell. 2016;165(6):1332–1345. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan J, McKenzie C, Potamitis M, et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease. Adv Immunol. 2014;121:91–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida H, Ishii M, Akagawa M. Propionate suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis via GPR43/AMPK signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2019;672:108057. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2019.07.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández MAG, Canfora EE, Jocken JWE, et al. The short-chain fatty acid acetate in body weight control and insulin sensitivity. Nutrients. 2019;11(8):1943. doi:10.3390/nu11081943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donath MY, Shoelson SE. Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(2):98–107. doi:10.1038/nri2925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He K, Hu Y, Ma H, et al. Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids alleviate hyperlipidemia in B6 mice by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016;1862(9):1696–1709. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma H, Patti ME. Bile acids, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;28(4):573–583. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2014.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li T, Chiang JYL, Ma Q. Bile acid signaling in metabolic disease and drug therapy. Pharmacol Rev. 2014;66(4):948–983. doi:10.1124/pr.113.008201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorucci S, Distrutti E. Bile acid-activated receptors, intestinal microbiota, and the treatment of metabolic disorders. Trends Mol Med. 2015;21(11):702–714. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2015.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YS, Shen CY, Jiang JG. Antidepressant active ingredients from herbs and nutraceuticals used in TCM: pharmacological mechanisms and prospects for drug discovery. Pharmacol Res. 2019;150:104520. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin D, Chen K. The essential mechanisms of aging: irreparable damage accumulation of biochemical side-reactions. Exp Gerontol. 2005;40(6):455–465. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2005.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panza F, D’introno A, Capurso C, et al. Lipoproteins, vascular-related genetic factors, and human longevity. Rejuvenation Res. 2007;10(4):441–458. doi:10.1089/rej.2007.0537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao H, Zhang A, Zhang H, et al. The application of metabolomics in traditional Chinese medicine opens up a dialogue between Chinese and Western medicine. Phytother Res. 2015;29(2):159–166. doi:10.1002/ptr.5240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiegant FA, Surinova S, Ytsma E, et al. Plant adaptogens increase lifespan and stress resistance in C. elegans. Biogerontology. 2009;10(1):27–42. doi:10.1007/s10522-008-9151-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn EH. Switching and signaling at the telomere. Cell. 2001;106(6):661–673. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00492-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkel T, Serrano M, Blasco MA. The common biology of cancer and ageing. Nature. 2007;448(7155):767–774. doi:10.1038/nature05985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdoerffer P, Sinclair DA. The role of nuclear architecture in genomic instability and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007;8(9):692–702. doi:10.1038/nrm2238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westphal CH, Dipp MA, Guarente L. A therapeutic role for sirtuins in diseases of aging? Trends Biochem Sci. 2007;32(12):555–560. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howitz KT, Bitterman KJ, Cohen HY, et al. Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan. Nature. 2003;425(6954):191–196. doi:10.1038/nature01960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Li J, Wang L, et al. The role of metformin and resveratrol in the prevention of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α accumulation and fibrosis in hypoxic adipose tissue. Br J Pharmacol. 2016;173(12):2001–2015. doi:10.1111/bph.13493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, et al. Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathways in controlling growth and sensitivity to therapy-implications for cancer and aging. Aging. 2011;3(3):192–222. doi:10.18632/aging.100296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin K, Hsin H, Libina N, et al. Regulation of the Caenorhabditis elegans longevity protein DAF-16 by insulin/IGF-1 and germline signaling. Nat Genet. 2001;28(2):139–145. doi:10.1038/88850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen M, Taubert S, Crawford D, et al. Lifespan extension by conditions that inhibit translation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell. 2007;6(1):95–110. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00267.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaeberlein M, Powers RW, Steffen KK, et al. Regulation of yeast replicative life span by TOR and Sch9 in response to nutrients. Science. 2005;310(5751):1193–1196. doi:10.1126/science.1115535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapahi P, Zid BM, Harper T, et al. Regulation of lifespan in Drosophila by modulation of genes in the TOR signaling pathway. Curr Biol. 2004;14(10):885–890. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasazawa Y, Sato N, Umezawa K, et al. Conophylline protects cells in cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases by inducing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-independent autophagy. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(10):6168–6178. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.606293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helliwell RM, ShioukHuey CO, Dhuna K, et al. Selected ginsenosides of the protopanaxdiol series are novel positive allosteric modulators of P2X7 receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2015;172(13):3326–3340. doi:10.1111/bph.13123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Peng L, Huang W, et al. Balancing between aging and cancer: molecular genetics meets traditional Chinese medicine. J Cell Biochem. 2017;118(9):2581–2586. doi:10.1002/jcb.25898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapoor V, Aggarwal S, Das SN. 6-gingerol mediates its anti tumor activities in human oral and cervical cancer cell lines through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Phytother Res. 2016;30(4):588–595. doi:10.1002/ptr.5561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apfeld J, O’Connor G, McDonagh T, et al. The AMP-activated protein kinase AAK-2 links energy levels and insulin-like signals to lifespan in C. elegans. Genes Dev. 2004;18(24):3004–3009. doi:10.1101/gad.1255404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer EL, Dowlatshahi D, Banko MR, et al. An AMPK-FOXO pathway mediates longevity induced by a novel method of dietary restriction in C. elegans. Curr Biol. 2007;17(19):1646–1656. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahran RI, Hagras MM, Sun D, et al. Bringing curcumin to the clinic in cancer prevention: a review of strategies to enhance bioavailability and efficacy. AAPS J. 2017;19(1):54–81. doi:10.1208/s12248-016-0003-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. Phytochemicals suppress nuclear factor-κB signaling: impact on health span and the aging process. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012;15(1):23–28. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834d3ae7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Guo R, Zhou G, et al. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen: a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;188:234–258. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol. 2016;14(8):e1002533. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha T, Vich Vila A, Garmaeva S, et al. Analysis of 1135 gut metagenomes identifies sex-specific resistome profiles. Gut Microbes. 2019;10(3):358–366. doi:10.1080/19490976.2018.1528822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen KL, Madak-Erdogan Z. Estrogen and microbiota crosstalk: should we pay attention? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2016;27(11):752–755. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2016.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez A, Luckey D, Taneja V. The gut microbiome in autoimmunity: sex matters. Clin Immunol. 2015;159(2):154–162. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2015.04.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterni I, Bertini S, Granchi C, Macchia M, Minutolo F. Estrogen receptor ligands: a patent review update. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2013;23(10):1247–1271. doi:10.1517/13543776.2013.805206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin JH, Park YH, Sim M, et al. Serum level of sex steroid hormone is associated with diversity and profiles of human gut microbiome. Res Microbiol. 2019;170(4–5):192–201. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2019.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu R, Zhang C, Shi Y, et al. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota associated with clinical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:324. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barford A, Dorling D, Davey Smith G, et al. Life expectancy: women now on top everywhere. BMJ. 2006;332(7545):808. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7545.808
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon EH, Peel NM, Samanta M, et al. Sex differences in frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2017;89:30–40. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hägg S, Jylhävä J. Sex differences in biological aging with a focus on human studies. Elife. 2021;10:e63425. doi:10.7554/eLife.63425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnbaugh PJ, Bäckhed F, Fulton L, et al. Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome. Cell Host Microbe. 2008;3(4):213–223. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2008.02.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandhu KV, Sherwin E, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Feeding the microbiota-gut-brain axis: diet, microbiome, and neuropsychiatry. Transl Res. 2017;179:223–244. doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2016.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014;505(7484):559–563. doi:10.1038/nature12820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildebrandt MA, Hoffmann C, Sherrill-Mix SA, et al. High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(5):1716–24.e242. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsivgoulis G, Psaltopoulou T, Wadley VG, et al. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and prediction of incident stroke. Stroke. 2015;46(3):780–785. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu L, Sun D. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of developing cognitive disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Sci Rep. 2017;7:41317. doi:10.1038/srep41317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlow G, Ellett S, Ferguson IR, et al. Transcriptomics to study the effect of a Mediterranean-inspired diet on inflammation in Crohn’s disease patients. Hum Genomics. 2013;7(1):24. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-7-24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greco T, Glenn TC, Hovda DA, et al. Ketogenic diet decreases oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial respiratory complex activity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016;36(9):1603–1613. doi:10.1177/0271678X15610584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson CA, Vuong HE, Yano JM, et al. The gut microbiota mediates the anti-seizure effects of the ketogenic diet. Cell. 2018;173(7):1728–1741.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aon MA, Bernier M, Mitchell SJ, et al. Untangling determinants of enhanced health and lifespan through a multi-omics approach in mice. Cell Metab. 2020;32(1):100–116.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavazzi G, Krause KH. Ageing and infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2(11):659–666. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00437-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong SM, Hadadi E, Dang TM, et al. The pro-inflammatory phenotype of the human non-classical monocyte subset is attributed to senescence. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9(3):266. doi:10.1038/s41419-018-0327-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Di Mitri D, Azevedo RI, Henson SM, et al. Reversible senescence in human CD4+CD45RA+CD27- memory T cells. J Immunol. 2011;187(5):2093–2100. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arsenović-Ranin N, Petrović R, Živković I, et al. Influence of aging on germinal centre reaction and antibody response to inactivated influenza virus antigens in mice: sex-based differences. Biogerontology. 2019;20(4):475–496. doi:10.1007/s10522-019-09811-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberl G, Lochner M. The development of intestinal lymphoid tissues at the interface of self and microbiota. Mucosal Immunol. 2009;2(6):478–485. doi:10.1038/mi.2009.114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maynard CL, Elson CO, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system. Nature. 2012;489(7415):231–241. doi:10.1038/nature11551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elson CO, Cong Y, McCracken VJ, et al. Experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease reveal innate, adaptive, and regulatory mechanisms of host dialogue with the microbiota. Immunol Rev. 2005;206(1):260–276. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00291.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim CH. Immune regulation by microbiome metabolites. Immunology. 2018;154(2):220–229. doi:10.1111/imm.12930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun M, Wu W, Liu Z, Cong Y. Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids, GPCR, and inflammatory bowel diseases. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(1):1–8. doi:10.1007/s00535-016-1242-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Zhou Q, Dorfman RG, et al. Butyrate inhibits interleukin-17 and generates Tregs to ameliorate colorectal colitis in rats. BMC Gastroenterol. 2016;16(1):84. doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0500-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosser EC, Piper CJM, Matei DE, et al. Microbiota-derived metabolites suppress arthritis by amplifying aryl-hydrocarbon receptor activation in regulatory B cells. Cell Metab. 2020;31(4):837–851.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell C, McKenney PT, Konstantinovsky D, et al. Bacterial metabolism of bile acids promotes generation of peripheral regulatory T cells. Nature. 2020;581(7809):475–479. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2193-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haselow K, Bode JG, Wammers M, et al. Bile acids PKA-dependently induce a switch of the IL-10/IL-12 ratio and reduce proinflammatory capability of human macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 2013;94(6):1253–1264. doi:10.1189/jlb.0812396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machiels K, Joossens M, Sabino J, et al. A decrease of the butyrate-producing species Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2014;63(8):1275–1283. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamanai-Shacoori Z, Smida I, Bousarghin L, et al. Roseburia spp.: a marker of health? Future Microbiol. 2017;12:157–170. doi:10.2217/fmb-2016-0130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S, Jazwinski SM. The gut microbiota and healthy aging: a mini-review. Gerontology. 2018;64(6):513–520. doi:10.1159/000490615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha EM, Lee KA, Park SH, et al. Regulation of DUOX by the Galphaq-phospholipase Cbeta-Ca2+ pathway in Drosophila gut immunity. Dev Cell. 2009;16(3):386–397. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2008.12.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leulier F, Royet J. Maintaining immune homeostasis in fly gut. Nat Immunol. 2009;10(9):936–938. doi:10.1038/ni0909-936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulop T, Larbi A, Dupuis G, et al. Immunosenescence and inflamm-aging as two sides of the same coin: friends or foes? Front Immunol. 2018;8:1960. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez CR. Role of heat shock proteins in aging and chronic inflammatory diseases. Geroscience. 2021;43(5):2515–2532. doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00394-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franceschi C, Bonafè M, Valensin S, et al. Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;908:244–254. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piber D, Olmstead R, Cho JH, et al. Inflammaging: age and systemic, cellular, and nuclear inflammatory biology in older adults. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019;74(11):1716–1724. doi:10.1093/gerona/glz130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh T, Newman AB. Inflammatory markers in population studies of aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2011;10(3):319–329. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pansarasa O, Pistono C, Davin A, et al. Altered immune system in frailty: genetics and diet may influence inflammation. Ageing Res Rev. 2019;54:100935. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu X, Chen Z, Shen W, et al. Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6(1):245. doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00646-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straub RH, Schradin C. Chronic inflammatory systemic diseases: an evolutionary trade-off between acutely beneficial but chronically harmful programs. Evol Med Public Health. 2016;2016(1):37–51. doi:10.1093/emph/eow001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neves J, Sousa-Victor P. Regulation of inflammation as an anti-aging intervention. FEBS J. 2020;287(1):43–52. doi:10.1111/febs.15061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorgoulis V, Adams PD, Alimonti A, et al. Cellular senescence: defining a path forward. Cell. 2019;179(4):813–827. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Keizer PL. The fountain of youth by targeting senescent cells? Trends Mol Med. 2017;23(1):6–17. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer P, Maity P, Burkovski A, et al. A model of the onset of the senescence associated secretory phenotype after DNA damage induced senescence. PLoS Comput Biol. 2017;13(12):e1005741. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latz E, Duewell P. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in inflammaging. Semin Immunol. 2018;40:61–73. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2018.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters DW, Schuliga M, Pathinayake PS, et al. A senescence bystander effect in human lung fibroblasts. Biomedicines. 2021;9(9):1162. doi:10.3390/biomedicines9091162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon OH, David N, Campisi J, et al. Senescent cells and osteoarthritis: a painful connection. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(4):1229–1237. doi:10.1172/JCI95147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu M, Bradley EW, Weivoda MM, et al. Transplanted senescent cells induce an osteoarthritis-like condition in mice. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017;72(6):780–785. doi:10.1093/gerona/glw154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon OH, Kim C, Laberge RM, et al. Local clearance of senescent cells attenuates the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and creates a pro-regenerative environment. Nat Med. 2017;23(6):775–781. doi:10.1038/nm.4324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver LK, Minichino D, Biswas C, et al. Microbiota-dependent signals are required to sustain TLR-mediated immune responses. JCI Insight. 2019;4(1):e124370. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.124370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thevaranjan N, Puchta A, Schulz C, et al. Age-associated microbial dysbiosis promotes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and macrophage dysfunction. Cell Host Microbe. 2017;21(4):455–466.e4. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fransen F, van Beek AA, Borghuis T, et al. Aged gut microbiota contributes to systemical inflammaging after transfer to germ-free mice. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1385. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelhamid L, Luo XM. Retinoic acid, leaky gut, and autoimmune diseases. Nutrients. 2018;10(8):1016. doi:10.3390/nu10081016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volynets V, Rings A, Bárdos G, et al. Intestinal barrier analysis by assessment of mucins, tight junctions, and α-defensins in healthy C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice. Tissue Barriers. 2016;4(3):e1208468. doi:10.1080/21688370.2016.1208468
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyu Y, Wu L, Wang F, et al. Carotenoid supplementation and retinoic acid in immunoglobulin A regulation of the gut microbiota dysbiosis. Exp Biol Med. 2018;243(7):613–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson K, Deng Z, Hou Y, et al. Regulation of the intestinal barrier function by host defense peptides. Front Vet Sci. 2015;2:57. doi:10.3389/fvets.2015.00057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang SCW, Yiu WH. Innate immunity in diabetic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(4):206–222. doi:10.1038/s41581-019-0234-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng W, Lu J, Lin W, et al. Effects of a galacto-oligosaccharide-rich diet on fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in mice. Food Funct. 2018;9(3):1612–1620. doi:10.1039/C7FO01720K
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilms E, Jonkers DM, Savelkoul HFJ, et al. The impact of pectin supplementation on intestinal barrier function in healthy young adults and healthy elderly. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1554. doi:10.3390/nu11071554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard C. Lectures on Phenomena of Life Common to Animals and Plants. Paris: JB Balliere and Son; 1878.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer EA. Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut-brain communication. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011;12(8):453–466. doi:10.1038/nrn3071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis KG, Cryan JF, Mayer EA. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: from motility to mood. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(5):1486–1501. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer AD, Aziz Q. Mechanisms and management of functional abdominal pain. J R Soc Med. 2014;107(9):347–354. doi:10.1177/0141076814540880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berthoud HR. Vagal and hormonal gut-brain communication: from satiation to satisfaction. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008;20(1):64–72. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01104.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konturek SJ, Konturek JW, Pawlik T, et al. Brain-gut axis and its role in the control of food intake. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004;55(1 Pt 2):137–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein CN. The brain-gut axis and stress in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2017;46(4):839–846. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2017.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breit S, Kupferberg A, Rogler G, et al. Vagus nerve as modulator of the brain-gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:44. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer EA, Tillisch K, Gupta A. Gut/brain axis and the microbiota. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(3):926–938. doi:10.1172/JCI76304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Gut-brain axis in 2016: brain-gut-microbiota axis - mood, metabolism and behaviour. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(2):69–70. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster JA, Rinaman L, Cryan JF. Stress & the gut-brain axis: regulation by the microbiome. Neurobiol Stress. 2017;7:124–136. doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao X, Cao Q, Cheng Y, et al. Chronic stress promotes colitis by disturbing the gut microbiota and triggering immune system response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(13):E2960–E2969. doi:10.1073/pnas.1720696115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniscalco JW, Rinaman L. Vagal interoceptive modulation of motivated behavior. Physiology. 2018;33(2):151–167. doi:10.1152/physiol.00036.2017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin IA, Goertz JE, Ren T, et al. Microbiota alteration is associated with the development of stress-induced despair behavior. Sci Rep. 2017;7:43859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arentsen T, Khalid R, Qian Y, et al. Sex-dependent alterations in motor and anxiety-like behavior of aged bacterial peptidoglycan sensing molecule 2 knockout mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2018;67:345–354. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonucci TC, Ajrouch KJ, Manalel JA. Social relations and technology: continuity, context, and change. Innov Aging. 2017;1(3):igx029. doi:10.1093/geroni/igx029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles ST, Carstensen LL. Social and emotional aging. Annu Rev Psychol. 2010;61(1):383–409. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstensen LL, DeLiema M. The positivity effect: a negativity bias in youth fades with age. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018;19:7–12. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.07.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffington SA, Di Prisco GV, Auchtung TA, et al. Microbial reconstitution reverses maternal diet-induced social and synaptic deficits in offspring. Cell. 2016;165(7):1762–1775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desbonnet L, Clarke G, Shanahan F, et al. Microbiota is essential for social development in the mouse. Mol Psychiatry. 2014;19(2):146–148. doi:10.1038/mp.2013.65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sgritta M, Dooling SW, Buffington SA, et al. Mechanisms underlying microbial-mediated changes in social behavior in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder. Neuron. 2019;101(2):246–259.e6. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stilling RM, Moloney GM, Ryan FJ, et al. Social interaction-induced activation of RNA splicing in the amygdala of microbiome-deficient mice. Elife. 2018;7:e33070. doi:10.7554/eLife.33070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degroote S, Hunting DJ, Baccarelli AA, et al. Maternal gut and fetal brain connection: increased anxiety and reduced social interactions in Wistar rat offspring following peri-conceptional antibiotic exposure. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016;71:76–82. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desbonnet L, Clarke G, Traplin A, et al. Gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence in mice: implications for brain and behaviour. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;48:165–173. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arentsen T, Qian Y, Gkotzis S, et al. The bacterial peptidoglycan-sensing molecule Pglyrp2 modulates brain development and behavior. Mol Psychiatry. 2017;22(2):257–266. doi:10.1038/mp.2016.182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poutahidis T, Kearney SM, Levkovich T, et al. Microbial symbionts accelerate wound healing via the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e78898. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machanda ZP, Rosati AG. Shifting sociality during primate ageing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2020;375(1811):20190620. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luk B, Veeraragavan S, Engevik M, et al. Postnatal colonization with human “infant-type” Bifidobacterium species alters behavior of adult gnotobiotic mice. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0196510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bercik P, Denou E, Collins J, et al. The intestinal microbiota affect central levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and behavior in mice. Gastroenterology. 2011;141(2):599–609.e6093. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz Heijtz R, Wang S, Anuar F, et al. Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(7):3047–3052. doi:10.1073/pnas.1010529108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung YC, Jin HM, Cui Y, et al. Fermented milk of Lactobacillus helveticus IDCC3801 improves cognitive functioning during cognitive fatigue tests in healthy older adults. J Funct Foods. 2014;10:465–474. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2014.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbari E, Asemi Z, Daneshvar Kakhaki R, et al. Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function and metabolic status in Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, double-blind and controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:256. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos AL, Sinha S. Obesity and aging: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;67:101268. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. Obesity is a common, serious, and costly disease; 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html. Accessed June 12, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Ahima RS. Connecting obesity, aging and diabetes. Nat Med. 2009;15(9):996–997. doi:10.1038/nm0909-996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchkonia T, Morbeck DE, Von Zglinicki T, et al. Fat tissue, aging, and cellular senescence. Aging Cell. 2010;9(5):667–684. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmon AB. Beyond diabetes: does obesity-induced oxidative stress drive the aging process? Antioxidants. 2016;5(3):24. doi:10.3390/antiox5030024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marungruang N, Kovalenko T, Osadchenko I, et al. Lingonberries and their two separated fractions differently alter the gut microbiota, improve metabolic functions, reduce gut inflammatory properties, and improve brain function in ApoE-/- mice fed high-fat diet. Nutr Neurosci. 2020;23(8):600–612. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2018.1536423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, et al. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006;444(7122):1027–1031. doi:10.1038/nature05414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnbaugh PJ, Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, et al. The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice. Sci Transl Med. 2009;1(6):6ra14. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lartigue G, Barbier de la Serre C, Espero E, et al. Leptin resistance in vagal afferent neurons inhibits cholecystokinin signaling and satiation in diet induced obese rats. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32967. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covasa M, Grahn J, Ritter RC. High fat maintenance diet attenuates hindbrain neuronal response to CCK. Regul Pept. 2000;86(1–3):83–88. doi:10.1016/S0167-0115(99)00084-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blauwendraat C, Heilbron K, Vallerga CL, et al. Parkinson’s disease age at onset genome-wide association study: defining heritability, genetic loci, and α-synuclein mechanisms. Mov Disord. 2019;34(6):866–875. doi:10.1002/mds.27659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorsey ER, Bloem BR. The Parkinson pandemic-a call to action. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(1):9–10. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obeso JA, Stamelou M, Goetz CG, et al. Past, present, and future of Parkinson’s disease: a special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy. Mov Disord. 2017;32(9):1264–1310. doi:10.1002/mds.27115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olanow CW. Levodopa is the best symptomatic therapy for PD: nothing more, nothing less. Mov Disord. 2019;34(6):812–815. doi:10.1002/mds.27690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olanow CW, Schapira AH. Therapeutic prospects for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2013;74(3):337–347. doi:10.1002/ana.24011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedarf JR, Hildebrand F, Coelho LP, et al. Functional implications of microbial and viral gut metagenome changes in early stage L-DOPA-naïve Parkinson’s disease patients. Genome Med. 2017;9(1):39. doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0428-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hasegawa S, Goto S, Tsuji H, et al. Intestinal dysbiosis and lowered serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0142164. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill-Burns EM, Debelius JW, Morton JT, et al. Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s disease medications have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome. Mov Disord. 2017;32(5):739–749. doi:10.1002/mds.26942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unger MM, Spiegel J, Dillmann KU, et al. Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson’s disease and age-matched controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;32:66–72. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Pardo P, Dodiya HB, Engen PA, et al. Role of TLR4 in the gut-brain axis in Parkinson’s disease: a translational study from men to mice. Gut. 2019;68(5):829–843. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheperjans F, Aho V, Pereira PA, et al. Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson’s disease and clinical phenotype. Mov Disord. 2015;30(3):350–358. doi:10.1002/mds.26069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian Y, Yang X, Xu S, et al. Alteration of the fecal microbiota in Chinese patients with Parkinson’s disease. Brain Behav Immun. 2018;70:194–202. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barichella M, Pacchetti C, Bolliri C, et al. Probiotics and prebiotic fiber for constipation associated with Parkinson disease: an RCT. Neurology. 2016;87(12):1274–1280. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Z, Xiao N, Chen Y, et al. Deletion of aquaporin-4 in APP/PS1 mice exacerbates brain Aβ accumulation and memory deficits. Mol Neurodegener. 2015;10:58. doi:10.1186/s13024-015-0056-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Bryant SE, Mielke MM, Rissman RA, et al. Blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer disease: current state of the science and a novel collaborative paradigm for advancing from discovery to clinic. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13(1):45–58. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balin BJ, Gérard HC, Arking EJ, et al. Identification and localization of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer’s brain. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1998;187(1):23–42. doi:10.1007/s004300050071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balin BJ, Little CS, Hammond CJ, et al. Chlamydophila pneumoniae and the etiology of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2008;13(4):371–380. doi:10.3233/JAD-2008-13403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itzhaki RF, Lathe R, Balin BJ, et al. Microbes and Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;51(4):979–984. doi:10.3233/JAD-160152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt NM, Kerby RL, Dill-McFarland KA, et al. Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13537. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13601-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonfili L, Cecarini V, Cuccioloni M, et al. SLAB51 probiotic formulation activates SIRT1 pathway promoting antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in an AD mouse model. Mol Neurobiol. 2018;55(10):7987–8000. doi:10.1007/s12035-018-0973-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gerven N, Van der Verren SE, Reiter DM, et al. The role of functional amyloids in bacterial virulence. J Mol Biol. 2018;430(20):3657–3684. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedland RP. Mechanisms of molecular mimicry involving the microbiota in neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;45(2):349–362. doi:10.3233/JAD-142841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maurice CF, Haiser HJ, Turnbaugh PJ. Xenobiotics shape the physiology and gene expression of the active human gut microbiome. Cell. 2013;152(1–2):39–50. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haiser HJ, Gootenberg DB, Chatman K, et al. Predicting and manipulating cardiac drug inactivation by the human gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta. Science. 2013;341(6143):295–298. doi:10.1126/science.1235872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar