Improvement in Cutaneous Conditions Can Benefit Some Health Conditions in the Elderly

References

• Valdes-Rodriguez R, Mollanazar NK, González-Muro J, et al. Itch prevalence and characteristics in a Hispanic geriatric population: a comprehensive study using a standardized itch questionnaire. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(4):417–421. doi:10.2340/00015555-1968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalçin B, Tamer E, Toy GG, Oztaş P, Hayran M, Alli N. The prevalence of skin diseases in the elderly: analysis of 4099 geriatric patients. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45(6):672–676. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02607.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Völzer B, El Genedy-Kalyoncu M, Fastner A, et al. Prevalence and associations of xerosis cutis, incontinence-associated dermatitis, skin tears, pressure ulcers, and intertrigo in aged nursing home residents: a representative prevalence study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2023;141:104472. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekić S, Jacobs LC, Gunn DA, et al. Prevalence and determinants for xerosis cutis in the middle-aged and elderly population: a cross-sectional study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(4):963–969.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.12.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellary S, Kyrou I, Brown JE, Bailey CJ. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: clinical considerations and management. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(9):534–548. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00512-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers JL, Jones J, Bolleddu SI, et al. Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2019;6(2):19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain A, Paranjape S. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly in a primary care facility: an ideal facility. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(Suppl 1):1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liguori I, Russo G, Curcio F, et al. Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:757–772. doi:10.2147/CIA.S158513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buford TW. (Dis)Trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahad O, Frenis K, Kuntic M, Daiber A, Münzel T. Accelerated aging and age-related diseases (CVD and neurological) due to air pollution and traffic noise exposure. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell TC, Parpia B, Chen J. Diet, lifestyle, and the etiology of coronary artery disease: the Cornell China study. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(10B):18T–21T. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00718-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell TC, Junshi C. Diet and chronic degenerative diseases: perspectives from China. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59(5 Suppl):1153S–1161S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/59.5.1153S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everitt AV, Hilmer SN, Brand-Miller JC, et al. Dietary approaches that delay age-related diseases. Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(1):11–31. doi:10.2147/ciia.2006.1.1.11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006;444(7122):1027–1031. doi:10.1038/nature05414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amabebe E, Robert FO, Agbalalah T, Orubu ESF. Microbial dysbiosis-induced obesity: role of gut microbiota in homoeostasis of energy metabolism. Br J Nutr. 2020;123(10):1127–1137. doi:10.1017/S0007114520000380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong C, Gao R, Yan X, Huang L, Qin H. Probiotics improve gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice fed a high-fat or high-sucrose diet. Nutrition. 2019;60:175–184. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 2008;57(6):1470–1481. doi:10.2337/db07-1403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkley TE, Nicklas BJ, Kanaya AM, et al. Plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels and arterial stiffness in older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. Hypertension. 2009;53(5):846–852. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.127043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bashan N, Kovsan J, Kachko I, Ovadia H, Rudich A. Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Physiol Rev. 2009;89(1):27–71. doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan C, Kirby B. Psoriasis is a systemic disease with multiple cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. Dermatol Clin. 2015;33(1):41–55. doi:10.1016/j.det.2014.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan M, Cao WF, Xie XF, Zhou HY, Wu XM. Relationship of atopic dermatitis with stroke and myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Medicine. 2018;97(49):e13512. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000013512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan K, Charlton O, Smith SD. Hidradenitis suppurativa and metabolic syndrome - systematic review and adjusted meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol. 2019;58(10):1112–1117. doi:10.1111/ijd.14500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sodagar S, Ghane Y, Heidari A, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and prevalent skin diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Health Sci Rep. 2023;6(9):e1576. doi:10.1002/hsr2.1576
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agarwal K, Das S. Metabolic syndrome-the underbelly of dermatology. Gulf J Dermatol Venereol. 2019;26(2):1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Ye L, Wang Z, Kim Y, et al. A topical emollient mitigates the progression of cognitive impairment in the elderly: a randomized, open-label pilot trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(8):1382–1388. doi:10.1111/jdv.18162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruunsgaard H, Ladelund S, Pedersen AN, Schroll M, Jørgensen T, Pedersen BK. Predicting death from tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in 80-year-old people. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003;132(1):24–31. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02137.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon CJ, Rowsey PJ, Bishop BL, Ward WO, Macphail RC. Serum biomarkers of aging in the Brown Norway rat. Exp Gerontol. 2011;46(11):953–957. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2011.07.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsalamandris S, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, et al. The role of inflammation in diabetes: current concepts and future perspectives. Eur Cardiol. 2019;14(1):50–59. doi:10.15420/ecr.2018.33.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellulu MS, Patimah I, Khaza’ai H, Rahmat A, Abed Y. Obesity and inflammation: the linking mechanism and the complications. Arch Med Sci. 2017;13(4):851–863. doi:10.5114/aoms.2016.58928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinney JW, Bemiller SM, Murtishaw AS, Leisgang AM, Salazar AM, Lamb BT. Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;4:575–590. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014
   Google Scholar
• Wen S, Elias PM, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Man MQ. The link between cutaneous inflammation and cognitive impairment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(10):1705–1712. doi:10.1111/jdv.18360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parisi R, Rutter MK, Lunt M, et al. Psoriasis and the risk of major cardiovascular events: cohort study using the clinical practice research datalink. J Invest Dermatol. 2015;135(9):2189–2197. doi:10.1038/jid.2015.87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm JG, Thomsen SF. Type 2 diabetes and psoriasis: links and risks. Psoriasis. 2019;9:1–6. doi:10.2147/PTT.S159163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelfand JM, Neimann AL, Shin DB, Wang X, Margolis DJ, Troxel AB. Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis. JAMA. 2006;296(14):1735–1741. doi:10.1001/jama.296.14.1735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan MT, Shin DB, Hubbard RA, Noe MH, Mehta NN, Gelfand JM. Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes: a prospective population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(2):315–322.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary S, Pradhan D, Pandey A, et al. The association of metabolic syndrome and psoriasis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(5):703–717. doi:10.2174/1871530319666191008170409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YJ, Wu CY, Chen TJ, et al. The risk of cancer in patients with psoriasis: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(1):84–91. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.04.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masson W, Lobo M, Molinero G. Psoriasis and cardiovascular risk: a comprehensive review. Adv Ther. 2020;37(5):2017–2033. doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01346-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung KJ, Kim TG, Lee JW, et al. Increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with psoriasis in Korea: a 15-year nationwide population-based cohort study. J Dermatol. 2019;46(10):859–866. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.15052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim M, Park HE, Lee SH, Han K, Lee JH. Increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with psoriasis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):6454. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63550-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Chen ST, Li HJ, et al. Association between psoriasis and dementia: current evidence. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:570992. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.570992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barros G, Duran P, Vera I, Bermúdez V. Exploring the links between obesity and psoriasis: a comprehensive review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(14):7499. doi:10.3390/ijms23147499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snekvik I, Nilsen TIL, Romundstad PR, Saunes M. Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident psoriasis: prospective data from the HUNT Study, Norway. Br J Dermatol. 2019;180(1):94–99. doi:10.1111/bjd.16885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HN, Han K, Park YG, Lee JH. Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of psoriasis: a nationwide population-based study. Metabolism. 2019;99:19–24. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ. The association between psoriasis and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Diabetes. 2012;2(12):e54. doi:10.1038/nutd.2012.26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S, Zhu T, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Elias PM, Man MQ. Link between obesity and atopic dermatitis: does obesity predispose to atopic dermatitis, or vice versa? Exp Dermatol. 2023;32(7):975–985. doi:10.1111/exd.14801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali Z, Ulrik CS, Agner T, Thomsen SF. Association between atopic dermatitis and the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review. Dermatology. 2018;234(3–4):79–85. doi:10.1159/000491593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascott A, Mulick A, Yu AM, et al. Atopic eczema and major cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(5):1821–1829. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivert LU, Johansson EK, Dal H, Lindelöf B, Wahlgren CF, Bradley M. Association between atopic dermatitis and cardiovascular disease: a Nationwide Register-based Case-control Study from Sweden. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019;99(10):865–870. doi:10.2340/00015555-3235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SW, Kim H, Byun Y, et al. Incidence of cardiovascular disease after atopic dermatitis development: a Nationwide, Population-Based Study. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2023;15(2):231–245. doi:10.4168/aair.2023.15.2.231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung HJ, Lee DH, Park MY, Ahn J. Cardiovascular comorbidities of atopic dermatitis: using National Health Insurance data in Korea. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2021;17(1):94. doi:10.1186/s13223-021-00590-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg JI. Association between adult atopic dermatitis, cardiovascular disease, and increased heart attacks in three population-based studies. Allergy. 2015;70(10):1300–1308. doi:10.1111/all.12685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drucker AM, Qureshi AA, Dummer TJB, Parker L, Li WQ. Atopic dermatitis and risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction and stroke in a cross-sectional analysis from the Canadian partnership for tomorrow project. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(4):1043–1051. doi:10.1111/bjd.15727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Zhuo C, Zheng L. Assessing causal associations of atopic dermatitis with heart failure and other cardiovascular outcomes: a Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:868850. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.868850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewitt N, Fang W, Kolodney MS. A cross-sectional comparison of eczema and psoriasis patients with regard to cardiovascular disease and risk factors. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37(7):e939–e940. doi:10.1111/jdv.19035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu F, Wu B, Wang Y. Mendelian randomization indicates that atopic dermatitis contributes to the occurrence of diabetes. BMC Med Genomics. 2023;16(1):132. doi:10.1186/s12920-023-01575-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kok WL, Yew YW, Thng TG. Comorbidities associated with severity of atopic dermatitis in young adult males: a National Cohort Study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019;99(7):652–656. doi:10.2340/00015555-3175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo YR, Cho M, Han KD, Cho SH, Lee JH. Increased risk of dementia in patients with atopic dermatitis: a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2023;103:adv4557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan TL, Bai YM, Cheng CM, et al. Atopic dermatitis and dementia risk: a nationwide longitudinal study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;127(2):200–205. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2021.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magyari A, Ye M, Margolis DJ, et al. Adult atopic eczema and the risk of dementia: a population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(2):314–322. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2022.03.049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R, Carrascosa Carrillo JM. Economic impact of atopic dermatitis in adults: a Population-Based Study (IDEA Study). Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018;109(1):35–46. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2017.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shlyankevich J, Chen AJ, Kim GE, Kimball AB. Hidradenitis suppurativa is a systemic disease with substantial comorbidity burden: a chart-verified case-control analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(6):1144–1150. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.09.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller IM, Ellervik C, Vinding GR, et al. Association of metabolic syndrome and hidradenitis suppurativa. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150(12):1273–1280. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendiratta V, Yadav V, Bhardwaj AV, Pangti R. Clinical and metabolic characteristics in hidradenitis suppurativa - an Indian perspective. Indian J Dermatol. 2023;68(1):121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kromann CB, Ibler KS, Kristiansen VB, Jemec GB. The influence of body weight on the prevalence and severity of hidradenitis suppurativa. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014;94(5):553–557. doi:10.2340/00015555-1800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua TC, Chung PI, Chen YJ, et al. Cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with rosacea: a nationwide case-control study from Taiwan. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(2):249–254. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.04.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duman N, Ersoy Evans S, Atakan N. Rosacea and cardiovascular risk factors: a case control study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014;28(9):1165–1169. doi:10.1111/jdv.12234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akin Belli A, Ozbas Gok S, Akbaba G, Etgu F, Dogan G. The relationship between rosacea and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Eur J Dermatol. 2016;26(3):260–264. doi:10.1684/ejd.2016.2748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainer BM, Fischer AH, Luz Felipe da Silva D, Kang S, Chien AL. Rosacea is associated with chronic systemic diseases in a skin severity-dependent manner: results of a case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(4):604–608. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang F, Wang L, Shucheng H, Jiang X. Differences in clinical characteristics of rosacea across age groups: a retrospective study of 840 female patients. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22(3):949–957. doi:10.1111/jocd.15470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Cho E, Drucker AM, Qureshi AA, Li WQ. Obesity and risk for incident rosacea in US women. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77(6):1083–1087.e5. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.08.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber PA, Buhren BA, Steinhoff M, Homey B. Rosacea: the cytokine and chemokine network. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2011;15(1):40–47. doi:10.1038/jidsymp.2011.9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen C, Wang P, Zhang L, et al. Exploring the pathogenesis and mechanism-targeted treatments of rosacea: previous understanding and updates. Biomedicines. 2023;11(8):2153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu YY, Lu CC, Tsai CY, et al. Impact of seborrheic dermatitis on osteoporosis risk: a population-based cohort study. J Dermatol. 2022;49(12):1291–1298. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imamoglu B, Hayta SB, Guner R, Akyol M, Ozcelik S. Metabolic syndrome may be an important comorbidity in patients with seborrheic dermatitis. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis. 2016;1(1):e158–e161. doi:10.5114/amsad.2016.65075
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang B, Chen X, Liu Y, Chen F, Yang N, Li L. Relationship between bullous pemphigoid and metabolic syndrome: a 12-year case-control study conducted in China. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2022;13:20406223221130707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalińska-Bienias A, Kowalczyk E, Jagielski P, Bienias P, Kowalewski C, Woźniak K. The association between neurological diseases, malignancies and cardiovascular comorbidities among patients with bullous pemphigoid: case-control study in a specialized Polish center. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2019;28(5):637–642. doi:10.17219/acem/90922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öksüm Solak E, Gökçek GE, Kartal D, et al. The relationship between the severity of coronary artery disease and skin measurement parameters. Skin Res Technol. 2021;27(1):101–107. doi:10.1111/srt.12917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Man MQ, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Elias PM. Alterations in epidermal function in type 2 diabetes: implications for the management of this disease. J Diabetes. 2022;14(9):586–595. doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibuki A, Kuriyama S, Toyosaki Y, et al. Aging-like physiological changes in the skin of Japanese obese diabetic patients. SAGE Open Med. 2018;6:2050312118756662. doi:10.1177/2050312118756662
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löffler H, Aramaki JU, Effendy I. The influence of body mass index on skin susceptibility to sodium lauryl sulphate. Skin Res Technol. 2002;8(1):19–22. doi:10.1046/j.0909-752x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye L, Lai Q, Wen S, Wang X, Yang B, Man MQ. Correlation of body mass index with epidermal biophysical properties varies with gender in Chinese. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2022;35(4):215–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renert-Yuval Y, Thyssen JP, Bissonnette R, et al. Biomarkers in atopic dermatitis-a review on behalf of the international eczema council. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147(4):1174–1190.e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastraftsi S, Vrioni G, Bakakis M, et al. Atopic dermatitis: striving for reliable biomarkers. J Clin Med. 2022;11(16):4639. doi:10.3390/jcm11164639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai F, Zheng W, Dong Y, et al. Serum levels of adipokines and cytokines in psoriasis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;9(1):1266–1278.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dowlatshahi EA, van der Voort EA, Arends LR, Nijsten T. Markers of systemic inflammation in psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169(2):266–282. doi:10.1111/bjd.12355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming P, Kraft J, Gulliver WP, Lynde C. The relationship of obesity with the severity of psoriasis: a systematic review. J Cutan Med Surg. 2015;19(5):450–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MS, Lin RY, Lai MS. Increased risk of diabetes mellitus in relation to the severity of psoriasis, concomitant medication, and comorbidity: a nationwide population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(4):691–698. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.11.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garshick MS, Ward NL, Krueger JG, Berger JS. Cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(13):1670–1680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi LQ, Lian N, Sun JT, Liu LH, Chen M. Association between the systemic treatment of psoriasis and cardiovascular risk. Chin Med J. 2021;134(5):518–520. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Zang J, Liu C, Yan Z, Shi D. Interleukin-17 links inflammatory cross-talks between comorbid psoriasis and atherosclerosis. Front Immunol. 2022;13:835671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu JJ, Sundaram M, Cloutier M, et al. The risk of cardiovascular events in psoriasis patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors versus phototherapy: an observational cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(1):60–68. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marra M, Campanati A, Testa R, et al. Effect of etanercept on insulin sensitivity in nine patients with psoriasis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2007;20(4):731–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pina T, Armesto S, Lopez-Mejias R, et al. Anti-TNF-α therapy improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic patients with psoriasis: a 6-month prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(7):1325–1330. doi:10.1111/jdv.12814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gether L, Storgaard H, Kezic S, et al. Effects of topical corticosteroid versus tacrolimus on insulin sensitivity and bone homeostasis in adults with atopic dermatitis-a randomized controlled study. Allergy. 2023;78(7):1964–1979. doi:10.1111/all.15690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung MJ, Kim HR, Kang SY, Kim HO, Chung BY, Park CW. Effect of weight reduction on treatment outcomes for patients with atopic dermatitis. Ann Dermatol. 2020;32(4):319–326. doi:10.5021/ad.2020.32.4.319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son JH, Chung BY, Jung MJ, Choi YW, Kim HO, Park CW. Influence of weight loss on severity of atopic dermatitis in a 20-year-old female with atopic dermatitis. Ann Dermatol. 2018;30(5):626–628. doi:10.5021/ad.2018.30.5.626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie B, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu M, Wang Y. Associations of obesity with newly diagnosed and previously known atopic diseases in Chinese adults: a case-control study. Sci Rep. 2017;7:43672. doi:10.1038/srep43672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrmal S, Uppal P, Nedley N, Giesey RL, Delost GR. The global, regional, and national burden of psoriasis in 195 countries and territories, 1990 to 2017: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(1):46–52. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Icen M, Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Dann FJ, Gabriel SE, Maradit Kremers H. Trends in incidence of adult-onset psoriasis over three decades: a population-based study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(3):394–401. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.10.062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yew YW, Kuan AHY, George PP, Zhao X, Tan SH. Prevalence and burden of skin diseases among the elderly in Singapore: a 15-year clinical cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(9):1648–1659. doi:10.1111/jdv.18205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinikumpu SP, Jokelainen J, Haarala AK, Keränen MH, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Huilaja L. The high prevalence of skin diseases in adults aged 70 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(11):2565–2571. doi:10.1111/jgs.16706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragonnaud E, Biragyn A. Gut microbiota as the key controllers of “healthy” aging of elderly people. Immun Ageing. 2021;18(1):2. doi:10.1186/s12979-020-00213-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway J, Duggal A. Ageing of the gut microbiome: potential influences on immune senescence and inflammageing. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;68:101323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elias-Oliveira J, Leite JA, Pereira ÍS, et al. NLR and intestinal dysbiosis-associated inflammatory illness: drivers or dampers? Front Immunol. 2020;11:1810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thevaranjan N, Puchta A, Schulz C, et al. Age-associated microbial dysbiosis promotes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and macrophage dysfunction. Cell Host Microbe. 2017;21(4):455–466.e4. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbraecken J, Van de Heyning P, De Backer W, Van Gaal L. Body surface area in normal-weight, overweight, and obese adults. A comparison study. Metabolism. 2006;55(4):515–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helander HF, Fändriks L. Surface area of the digestive tract - revisited. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2014;49(6):681–689. doi:10.3109/00365521.2014.898326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung BY, Um JY, Kim JC, Kang SY, Park CW, Kim HO. Pathophysiology and treatment of pruritus in elderly. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;22(1):174. doi:10.3390/ijms22010174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White-Chu EF, Reddy M. Dry skin in the elderly: complexities of a common problem. Clin Dermatol. 2011;29(1):37–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu W, Jia S, Xie P, et al. The expression of proinflammatory genes in epidermal keratinocytes is regulated by hydration status. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(4):1044–1055. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doi T, Mizukawa Y, Shimoda Y, Yamazaki Y, Shiohara T. Importance of water content of the stratum corneum in mouse models for contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(1):151–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashida Y, Denda M. Dry environment increases mast cell number and histamine content in dermis in hairless mice. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149(2):240–247. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05408.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denda M, Sato J, Tsuchiya T, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Low humidity stimulates epidermal DNA synthesis and amplifies the hyperproliferative response to barrier disruption: implication for seasonal exacerbations of inflammatory dermatoses. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;111(5):873–878. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00364.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu L, Mauro TM, Dang E, et al. Epidermal dysfunction leads to an age-associated increase in levels of serum inflammatory cytokines. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(6):1277–1285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang B, Lv C, Ye L, et al. Stratum corneum hydration inversely correlates with certain serum cytokine levels in the elderly, possibly contributing to inflammaging. Immun Ageing. 2023;20(1):7. doi:10.1186/s12979-023-00331-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trier AM, Kim BS. Cytokine modulation of atopic itch. Curr Opin Immunol. 2018;54:7–12. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2018.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibuya R, Takimoto-Ito R, Kambe N, Kabashima K. A new era with the development of cytokine-based therapy for pruritus. J Invest Dermatol. 2022;142(1):47–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta K, Harvima IT. Mast cell-neural interactions contribute to pain and itch. Immunol Rev. 2018;282(1):168–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Q, Wang Y, Liu Y, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of dry skin among older inpatients in hospitals and nursing homes: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022;135:104358. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elias PM, Wood LC, Feingold KR. Epidermal pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses. Am J Contact Dermat. 1999;10(3):119–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin TK, Man MQ, Santiago JL, et al. Topical antihistamines display potent anti-inflammatory activity linked in part to enhanced permeability barrier function. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(2):469–478. doi:10.1038/jid.2012.335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Man MQ, Xin SJ, Song SP, et al. Variation of skin surface pH, sebum content and stratum corneum hydration with age and gender in a large Chinese population. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2009;22(4):190–199. doi:10.1159/000231524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi EH, Man MQ, Xu P, et al. Stratum corneum acidification is impaired in moderately aged human and murine skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127(12):2847–2856. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauro T, Holleran WM, Grayson S, et al. Barrier recovery is impeded at neutral pH, independent of ionic effects: implications for extracellular lipid processing. Arch Dermatol Res. 1998;290(4):215–222. doi:10.1007/s004030050293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang H, Matsuda A, Jung K, et al. Skin pH is the master switch of kallikrein 5-mediated skin barrier destruction in a murine atopic dermatitis model. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136(1):127–135. doi:10.1038/JID.2015.363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SE, Jeong SK, Lee SH. Protease and protease-activated receptor-2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Yonsei Med J. 2010;51(6):808–822. doi:10.3349/ymj.2010.51.6.808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanadi EC, Dimitrakakis G, Antoniou CK, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the skin: a more than superficial association. Reviewing the association between skin diseases and metabolic syndrome and a clinical decision algorithm for high risk patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018;10:9. doi:10.1186/s13098-018-0311-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye L, Mauro TM, Dang E, et al. Topical applications of an emollient reduce circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in chronically aged humans: a pilot clinical study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(11):2197–2201. doi:10.1111/jdv.15540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuster BG, Kosar L, Kamrul R. Constipation in older adults: stepwise approach to keep things moving. Can Fam Physician. 2015;61(2):152–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang F, Fei M, Hu WZ, et al. Prevalence of constipation in elderly and its association with dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurosci. 2022;15:821654. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.821654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar