Factors Affecting Mortality in Elderly Hypertensive Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

References

• Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, et al. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(4):536–544. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu B, Guo H, Zhou P, Shi ZL. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(3):141–154. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rostami Z, Mastrangelo G, Einollahi B, et al. A prospective study on risk factors for acute kidney injury and all-cause mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients from Tehran (Iran). Front Immunol. 2022;13:874426 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.874426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020;97(5):829–838. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–1062. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA. 2020;323(16):1574. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel AB, Verma A. COVID-19 and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: what is the evidence? JAMA. 2020;323(18):1769–1770. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nashiry A, Sarmin Sumi S, Islam S, Quinn JMW, Moni MA. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences of COVID-19 on cardiovascular and hypertensive comorbidities. Brief Bioinform. 2021;22(2):1387–1401. doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan W, Liang W, Zhao Y, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000547. doi:10.1183/13993003.00547-2020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng M, He J, Xue Y, Yang X, Liu S, Gong Z. Role of hypertension on the severity of COVID-19: a review. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2021;78(5):e648–e655. doi:10.1097/FJC.0000000000001116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo G, Calvez V, Savoia C. Hypertension and COVID-19: current evidence and perspectives. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2022;29(2):115–123. doi:10.1007/s40292-022-00506-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bepouka B, Situakibanza H, Sangare M, et al. Mortality associated with COVID‐19 and hypertension in sub‐Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Jl Clin Hypertens. 2022;24(2):99–105. doi:10.1111/jch.14417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffrin EL, Flack JM, Ito S, Muntner P, Webb RC. Hypertension and COVID-19. Am J Hypertens. 2020;33(5):373–374. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaa057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonnet A, Chetboun M, Poissy J, et al. High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Obes. 2020;28(7):1195–1199. doi:10.1002/oby.22831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7):934–943. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dent E, Martin FC, Bergman H, Woo J, Romero-Ortuno R, Walston JD. Management of frailty: opportunities, challenges, and future directions. Lancet. 2019;394(10206):1376–1386. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31785-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pranata R, Henrina J, Lim MA, et al. Clinical frailty scale and mortality in COVID-19: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021;93:104324. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2020.104324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibata S, Arima H, Asayama K, et al. Hypertension and related diseases in the era of COVID-19: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Task Force on COVID-19. Hypertens Res. 2020;43(10):1028–1046. doi:10.1038/s41440-020-0515-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah H, Khan MSH, Dhurandhar NV, Hegde V. The triumvirate: why hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are risk factors for adverse effects in patients with COVID-19. Acta Diabetol. 2021;58(7):831–843. doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01636-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennuni S, Rubattu S, Pierelli G, Tocci G, Fofi C, Volpe M. Hypertension and kidneys: unraveling complex molecular mechanisms underlying hypertensive renal damage. J Hum Hypertens. 2014;28(2):74–79. doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chronopoulos A, Cruz DN, Ronco C. Hospital-acquired acute kidney injury in the elderly. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010;6(3):141–149. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson S, Eldadah B, Halter JB, et al. Acute kidney injury in older adults. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(1):28–38. doi:10.1681/ASN.2010090934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin JE, Sheaff MT. Renal ageing. J Pathol. 2007;211(2):198–205. doi:10.1002/path.2111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch JS, Ng JH, Ross DW, et al. Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020;98(1):209–218. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu X, Huang L, Cui D, et al. Association of acute kidney injury with 1-year outcome of kidney function in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a cohort study. Ebiomedicine. 2022;76:103817. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng JH, Hirsch JS, Hazzan A, et al. Outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(2):204–215. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Küçük M, Ergün B, Yakar MN, et al. The effect of frailty on the development of acute kidney injury in critically-ill geriatric patients with COVID-19. Turk J Med Sci. 2022;52(5):1495–1503. doi:10.55730/1300-0144.5488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellum JA, Romagnani P, Ashuntantang G, Ronco C, Zarbock A, Anders HJ. Acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):52. doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00284-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Xu S, Yu M, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):110–118. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Y, Yu X, Zhao H, Wang H, Zhao R, Sheng J. Host susceptibility to severe COVID-19 and establishment of a host risk score: findings of 487 cases outside Wuhan. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):108. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2833-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdalla M, El Arabey AA, Gai Z. Hypertension is still a moving target in the context of COVID‐19 and post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome. J Med Virol. 2023;95(1). doi:10.1002/jmv.28128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalaeva EV, Shadmanov KA, Azizova FL, et al. Is lone hypertension a risk factor for more severe COVID-19 outcomes? Glob Heart. 2022;17(1):17. doi:10.5334/gh.1099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian Z, Li Z, Peng J, Gao Q, Cai S, Xu X. Association between hypertension and prognosis of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2022;44(5):451–458. doi:10.1080/10641963.2022.2071914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, et al. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ. 2020;369(m 1985). doi:10.1136/bmj.m1985
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tehrani S, Killander A, Astrand P, Jakobsson J, Gille-Johnson P. Risk factors for death in adult COVID-19 patients: frailty predicts fatal outcome in older patients. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;102:415–421. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majumder J, Minko T. Recent developments on therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for COVID-19. Aaps J. 2021;23(1):14. doi:10.1208/s12248-020-00532-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon NR, Jauslin AS, Rueegg M, et al. Association of frailty with adverse outcomes in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. J Clin Med. 2021;10(11):2472. doi:10.3390/jcm10112472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancusi C, Grassi G, Borghi C, et al. Determinants of healing among patients with coronavirus disease 2019: the results of the SARS-RAS study of the Italian Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2021;39(2):376–380. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iaccarino G, Grassi G, Borghi C, Ferri C, Salvetti M, Volpe M. Age and multimorbidity predict death among COVID-19 patients: results of the SARS-RAS study of the Italian society of hypertension. Hypertens. 2020;76(2):366–372. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Synowiec A, Szczepanski A, Barreto-Duran E, Lie LK, Pyrc K. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a Systemic Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021;34(2). doi:10.1128/CMR.00133-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu H, Chan JF, Yuen TT, et al. Comparative tropism, replication kinetics, and cell damage profiling of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV with implications for clinical manifestations, transmissibility, and laboratory studies of COVID-19: an observational study. Lancet Microbe. 2020;1(1):e14–e23. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30004-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monteil V, Kwon H, Prado P, et al. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2. Cell. 2020;181(4):905–913. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farkash EA, Wilson AM, Jentzen JM. Ultrastructural evidence for direct renal infection with SARS-CoV-2. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;31(8):1683–1687. doi:10.1681/ASN.2020040432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diao B, Wang C, Wang R, et al. Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22781-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naicker S, Yang C, Hwang S, Liu B, Chen J, Jha V. The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. Kidney Int. 2020;97(5):824–828. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen T, Dai Z, Mo P, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective study. J Gerontol: Series A. 2020;75(9):1788–1795 doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Q, Zuo P, Cheng L, et al. Acute kidney injury is associated with in-hospital mortality in older patients with COVID-19. J Gerontol: Series A. 2021;76(3):456–462 doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oussalah A, Gleye S, Clerc Urmes I, et al. Long-term ACE Inhibitor/ARB use is associated with severe renal dysfunction and acute kidney injury in patients with severe COVID-19: results from a referral center cohort in the Northeast of France. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puelles VG, Lutgehetmann M, Lindenmeyer MT, et al. Multiorgan and renal tropism of SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(6):590–592. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2011400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang X, Eales JM, Scannali D, et al. Hypertension and renin-angiotensin system blockers are not associated with expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the kidney. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(48):4580–4588. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar