Development and Internal Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Postoperative Cardiac Events in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients

References

• Zhang C, Feng J, Wang S, et al. Incidence of and trends in Hip fracture among adults in urban China: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2020;17(8):e1003180. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piscitelli P, Neglia C, Feola M, et al. Updated incidence and costs of Hip fractures in elderly Italian population. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(12):2587–2593. doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01497-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhandari M, Swiontkowski M. Management of acute hip fracture. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(21):2053–2062. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1611090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sathiyakumar V, Avilucea FR, Whiting PS, et al. Risk factors for adverse cardiac events in Hip fracture patients: an analysis of NSQIP data. Int Orthop. 2016;40(3):439–445. doi:10.1007/s00264-015-2832-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence VA, Hilsenbeck SG, Noveck H, Poses RM, Carson JL. Medical complications and outcomes after Hip fracture repair. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(18):2053–2057. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.18.2053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Ma Y, Deng Z, Li Q, Liao J, Zheng Q. Prediction of early postoperative major cardiac events and in-hospital mortality in elderly hip fracture patients: the role of different types of preoperative cardiac abnormalities on echocardiography report. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:755–762. doi:10.2147/CIA.S250620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varon B, Kandel L, Rivkin G, Leibowitz D. New-onset perioperative atrial fibrillation is associated with increased all-cause mortality in elderly patients undergoing total knee and hip replacements. Gerontology. 2021;67(6):681–686. doi:10.1159/000514482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha YH, Ha YC, Ryu HJ, et al. Effect of heart failure on postoperative short and long-term mortality in elderly patients with Hip fracture. Injury. 2020;51(3):694–698. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2020.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta BP, Huddleston JM, Kirkland LL, et al. Clinical presentation and outcome of perioperative myocardial infarction in the very elderly following Hip fracture surgery. J Hosp Med. 2012;7(9):713–716. doi:10.1002/jhm.1967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Z, Xu G, Xu L, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Perioperative cardiac complications in patients over 80 years of age with coronary artery disease undergoing noncardiac surgery: the incidence and risk factors. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:1181–1191. doi:10.2147/CIA.S252160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen PW, Gislason GH, Jørgensen ME, et al. Influence of age on perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality risks in elective non-cardiac surgery. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;35:55–59. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2016.05.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahlsten LR, Zareini B, Smedegaard L, Gislason GH, Palm H, Brorson S. A medical history of arterial thrombosis is a strong predictor of post-operative myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with Hip fractures-a nationwide cohort study. Age Ageing. 2021;50(4):1252–1260. doi:10.1093/ageing/afaa279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batsis JA, Huddleston JM, LJt M, et al. Body mass index and risk of adverse cardiac events in elderly patients with Hip fracture: a population-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(3):419–426. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02141.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araguas MA, Herrera A, Garrido I, Mateo J, Mayoral AP, Muñoz M. Risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events after osteoporotic Hip fracture repair surgery. Injury. 2020;51(Suppl 1):S30–S36. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2020.03.052
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ushirozako H, Ohishi T, Fujita T, et al. Does N-terminal pro-brain type natriuretic peptide predict cardiac complications after hip fracture surgery? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(6):1730–1736. doi:10.1007/s11999-017-5245-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrone MA, Aimo A, Bernardini S, Clerico A. Natriuretic peptides and troponins to predict cardiovascular events in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(9):5182. doi:10.3390/ijerph19095182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe MJ, Lightfoot NJ. The prognostic implication of perioperative cardiac enzyme elevation in patients with fractured neck of femur: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury. 2020;51(2):164–173. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2019.12.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer AC, Eklund H, Hedstrom M, Modig K. The ASA score predicts infections, cardiovascular complications, and hospital readmissions after Hip fracture - A nationwide cohort study. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(11):2185–2192. doi:10.1007/s00198-021-05956-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui E, Banco D, Berger JS, Smilowitz NR. Frailty assessment and perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events after non-cardiac surgery. Am J Med. 2023;136(4):372–379.e5. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.12.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekström W, Samuelsson B, Ponzer S, Cederholm T, Thorngren KG, Hedström M. Sex effects on short-term complications after Hip fracture: a prospective cohort study. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:1259–1266. doi:10.2147/CIA.S80100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Y, Jiang Y, Xu H, et al. Risk of post-operative cardiovascular event in elderly patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease who are undergoing Hip fracture surgery. Int Orthop. 2021;45(12):3045–3053. doi:10.1007/s00264-021-05227-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris R, Parker M. Diabetes mellitus and Hip fracture: a study of 5966 cases. Injury. 2011;42(11):1313–1316. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999;100(10):1043–1049. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.100.10.1043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta PK, Gupta H, Sundaram A, et al. Development and validation of a risk calculator for prediction of cardiac risk after surgery. Circulation. 2011;124(4):381–387. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.015701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilimoria KY, Liu Y, Paruch JL, et al. Development and evaluation of the universal ACS NSQIP surgical risk calculator: a decision aid and informed consent tool for patients and surgeons. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;217(5):833–842.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.07.385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alrezk R, Jackson N, Al Rezk M, et al. Derivation and validation of a geriatric-sensitive perioperative cardiac risk index. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(11):e006648. doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.006648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larmann J, Handke J, Scholz AS, et al. Preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio are associated with major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in coronary heart disease patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):230. doi:10.1186/s12872-020-01500-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forget P, Moreau N, Engel H, et al. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) after surgery for Hip fracture (HF). Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015;60(2):366–371. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2014.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher A, Srikusalanukul W, Fisher L, Smith P. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on admission and short-term outcomes in orthogeriatric patients. Int J Med Sci. 2016;13(8):588–602. doi:10.7150/ijms.15445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KG. Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(1):55–63. doi:10.7326/M14-0697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao M, Shang Z, Cai J, et al. Development and validation of predictive model-HASBLAD score-for major adverse cardiovascular events during perioperative period of non-cardiac surgery: a single center experience in China. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:774191. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.774191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Luo Y, Li J, et al. Chronic kidney disease and risk of postoperative cardiovascular events in elderly patients receiving Hip fracture surgery. Injury. 2022;53(2):596–602. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2021.12.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acheampong D, Guerrier S, Lavarias V, et al. Risk factors contributing to cardiac events following general and vascular surgery. Ann Med Surg. 2018;33:16–23. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2018.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weil IA, Kumar P, Seicean S, Neuhauser D, Seicean A, Ballotta A. Platelet count abnormalities and peri-operative outcomes in adults undergoing elective, non-cardiac surgery. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0212191. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakomkin N, Sathiyakumar V, Dodd AC, et al. Pre-operative labs: wasted dollars or predictors of post-operative cardiac and septic events in orthopaedic trauma patients? Injury. 2016;47(6):1217–1221. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2016.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap EN, Dusendang JR, Ng KP, et al. Risk of cardiac events after elective versus urgent or emergent noncardiac surgery: implications for quality measurement and improvement. J Clin Anesth. 2023;84:110994. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo SH, Marhefka GD, Cowan SW, Ackermann L. Development and validation of a prediction model for stroke, cardiac, and mortality risk after non-cardiac surgery. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(4):e018013. doi:10.1161/JAHA.120.018013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Li H, Li S, et al. Comparison of risk of complication between neuraxial anaesthesia and general anaesthesia for Hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2023;109(3):458–468. doi:10.1097/JS9.0000000000000291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhas L, Perlas A, Tierney S, Chan VWS, Beattie S. The effect of anesthetic technique on mortality and major morbidity after Hip fracture surgery: a retrospective, propensity-score matched-pairs cohort study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;44(9):847–853. doi:10.1136/rapm-2019-100417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdary AR, Beale J, Martinez J, Aggarwal V, Mounasamy V, Sambandam S. Postoperative complications of spinal vs general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing Hip hemiarthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(9):5615–5621. doi:10.1007/s00402-023-04876-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein ER, Boyer RB, White RS, et al. Improved outcomes for spinal versus general anesthesia for Hip fracture surgery: a retrospective cohort study of the national surgical quality improvement program. Reg Anesth Pain Med;2023. 104217. doi:10.1136/rapm-2022-104217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folbert EC, Hegeman JH, Gierveld R, et al. Complications during hospitalization and risk factors in elderly patients with Hip fracture following integrated orthogeriatric treatment. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017;137(4):507–515. doi:10.1007/s00402-017-2646-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche JJ, Wenn RT, Sahota O, Moran CG. Effect of comorbidities and postoperative complications on mortality after Hip fracture in elderly people: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ. 2005;331(7529):1374. doi:10.1136/bmj.38643.663843.55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman J, Hastie T, Tibshirani R. Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent. J Stat Softw. 2010;33(1):1–22. doi:10.18637/jss.v033.i01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hietala P, Strandberg M, Strandberg N, et al. Perioperative myocardial infarctions are common and often unrecognized in patients undergoing Hip fracture surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74(4):1087–1091. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3182827322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar