The Association of Cerebral Oxygen Desaturation with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Patients: A Review

References

• Suraarunsumrit P, Pathonsmith C, Srinonprasert V, Sangarunakul N, Jiraphorncharas C, Siriussawakul A. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older surgical patients associated with increased healthcare utilization: a prospective study from an upper-middle-income country. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):213. doi:10.1186/s12877-022-02873-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarbo C, Brivio M, Brugnera A, et al. Post-operative cognitive decline (POCD) after gynaecologic surgery: current opinions and future applications. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018;297(3):551–554. doi:10.1007/s00404-017-4630-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Relander K, Hietanen M, Nuotio K, et al. Cognitive dysfunction and mortality after carotid endarterectomy. Front Neurol. 2020;11:593719. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.593719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rengel KF, Pandharipande PP, Hughes CG. Postoperative delirium. Presse Med. 2018;47(4 Pt 2):e53–e64. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2018.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcantonio ER. Postoperative delirium: a 76-year-old woman with delirium following surgery. JAMA. 2012;308(1):73–81. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.6857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Harten AE, Scheeren TWL, Absalom AR. A review of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation associated with cardiac surgery and anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2012;67(3):280–293. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.07008.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monk TG, Weldon BC, Garvan CW, et al. Predictors of cognitive dysfunction after major noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2008;108(1):18–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte PJ, Roberts RO, Knopman DS, et al. Association between exposure to anaesthesia and surgery and long-term cognitive trajectories in older adults: report from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Br J Anaesth. 2018;121(2):398–405. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2018.05.060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen N, Lu J. Meta-analysis of the correlation between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022;2022:3731959. doi:10.1155/2022/3731959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Tournay-Jetté E, Dupuis G, Bherer L, Deschamps A, Cartier R, Denault A. The relationship between cerebral oxygen saturation changes and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2011;25(1). doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2010.03.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babakhani B, Heroabadi A, Hosseinitabatabaei N, et al. Cerebral oxygenation under general anesthesia can be safely preserved in patients in prone position: a prospective observational study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2017;29(3):291–297. doi:10.1097/ANA.0000000000000319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deiner S, Chu I, Mahanian M, Lin H-M, Hecht AC, Silverstein JH. Prone position is associated with mild cerebral oxygen desaturation in elderly surgical patients. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e106387. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater JP, Guarino T, Stack J, et al. Cerebral oxygen desaturation predicts cognitive decline and longer hospital stay after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;87(1). doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.08.070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trafidło T, Gaszyński T, Gaszyński W, Nowakowska-Domagała K. Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral NIRS oximetry leads to better postoperative cognitive performance: a pilot study. Int J Surg. 2015;16(Pt A):23–30. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.02.009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ding X, Zha T, Abudurousuli G, et al. Effects of regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):123. doi:10.1186/s12877-023-03804-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedford PD. Adverse cerebral effects of anaesthesia on old people. Lancet. 1955;269(6884):259–263.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ntalouka MP, Arnaoutoglou E, Tzimas P. Postoperative cognitive disorders: an update. Hippokratia. 2018;22(4):147–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evered L, Silbert B, Knopman DS, et al. Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018. Br J Anaesth. 2018;121(5):1005–1012. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Huang K, Zhu B, et al. Neuropsychological tests in post-operative cognitive dysfunction: methods and applications. Front Psychol. 2021;12:684307. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu T, Smith JA. An update on postoperative cognitive dysfunction following cardiac surgery. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:884907. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.884907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapoor I, Prabhakar H, Mahajan C. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2019;23(Suppl 2):S162–S164. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23196
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klinger RY, James OG, Borges-Neto S, et al. 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography-determined cerebral β-amyloid deposition and neurocognitive performance after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(4):728–744. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim E-Y, Yang D-W, Cho AH, Shim YS. Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics on Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography and Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;65(2):651–657. doi:10.3233/JAD-180026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C, Mårtensson J, Gögenur I, Asghar MS. Exploring postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium in noncardiac surgery using MRI: a systematic review. Neural Plast. 2018;2018:1281657. doi:10.1155/2018/1281657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Huang X, Li M, Jiang Y, Zhang H. Identification of individuals at risk for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2022;15:17562864221114356. doi:10.1177/17562864221114356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao Q-X, Liu Q, Deng R, Gao Z-W, Zhang Y. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing Hip arthroplasty. Psychogeriatrics. 2020;20(4):501–509. doi:10.1111/psyg.12516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urits I, Orhurhu V, Jones M, Hoyt D, Seats A, Viswanath O. Current perspectives on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the ageing population. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2019;47(6):439–447. doi:10.5152/TJAR.2019.75299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akdogan A, Besir A, Kutanis D, Erturk E, Tugcugil E, Saylan S. The effect of different anesthesia techniques on cerebral oxygenation in thoracic surgery. Cir Cir. 2022;90(S1):52–60. doi:10.24875/CIRU.21000440
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hua M, Min J. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and the protective effects of enriched environment: a systematic review. Neurodegener Dis. 2020;20(4):113–122. doi:10.1159/000513196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhushan S, Li Y, Huang X, Cheng H, Gao K, Xiao Z. Progress of research in postoperative cognitive dysfunction in cardiac surgery patients: a review article. Int J Surg. 2021;95:106163. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor L, Watkins SL, Marshall H, Dascombe BJ, Foster J. The Impact of Different Environmental Conditions on Cognitive Function: a Focused Review. Front Physiol. 2015;6:372. doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian L-J, Yuan S, Zhou C-H, Yan F-X. The effect of intraoperative cerebral oximetry monitoring on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and ICU stay in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:814313. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.814313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan X. Cognitive impairments at high altitudes and adaptation. High Alt Med Biol. 2014;15(2):141–145. doi:10.1089/ham.2014.1009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha JS, Choi H-R, Kim IS, Kim E-A, Cho S-W, Yang S-J. Hypoxia-induced S100A8 expression activates microglial inflammation and promotes neuronal apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(3). doi:10.3390/ijms22031205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman GB, Mykytyn V, Gibson GE. Differential alteration of dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate release during anoxia and/or 3,4-diaminopyridine treatment. Neurochem Res. 1987;12(11):1019–1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hota SK, Barhwal K, Ray K, Singh SB, Ilavazhagan G. Ceftriaxone rescues hippocampal neurons from excitotoxicity and enhances memory retrieval in chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2008;89(4):522–532. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman GB, Gibson GE. Dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate interactions in aging. Behavioral and neurochemical correlates. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988;515:191–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Xue C, Lu H, et al. Hypoxia causes mitochondrial dysfunction and brain memory disorder in a manner mediated by the reduction of Cirbp. Sci Total Environ. 2022;806(Pt 3):151228. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawley JS, Macdonald JH, Oliver SJ, Mullins PG. Unexpected reductions in regional cerebral perfusion during prolonged hypoxia. J Physiol. 2017;595(3):935–947. doi:10.1113/JP272557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballabh P, Braun A, Nedergaard M. The blood-brain barrier: an overview: structure, regulation, and clinical implications. Neurobiol Dis. 2004;16(1):1–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai Z, Qiao P-F, Wan C-Q, Cai M, Zhou N-K, Li Q. Role of blood-brain barrier in alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;63(4):1223–1234. doi:10.3233/JAD-180098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis C, Parulkar SD, Bebawy J, Sherwani S, Hogue CW. Cerebral neuromonitoring during cardiac surgery: a critical appraisal with an emphasis on near-infrared spectroscopy. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018;32(5):2313–2322. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2018.03.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkman MA, Smith M. Brain Oxygenation Monitoring. Anesthesiol Clin. 2016;34(3):537–556. doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2016.04.007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhong W, Ji Z, Sun C. A review of monitoring methods for cerebral blood oxygen saturation. Healthcare. 2021;9(9). doi:10.3390/healthcare9091104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cope M, Delpy DT. System for long-term measurement of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation on newborn infants by near infra-red transillumination. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1988;26(3):289–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi K, Kitamura T, Kohira S, et al. Cerebral oximetry for cardiac surgery: a preoperative comparison of device characteristics and pitfalls in interpretation. J Artif Organs. 2018;21(4):412–418. doi:10.1007/s10047-018-1052-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schell RM, Cole DJ. Cerebral monitoring: jugular venous oximetry. Anesth Analg. 2000;90(3):559–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macmillan CS, Andrews PJ. Cerebrovenous oxygen saturation monitoring: practical considerations and clinical relevance. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26(8):1028–1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheeren TWL, Kuizenga MH, Maurer H, Struys MMRF, Heringlake M. Electroencephalography and brain oxygenation monitoring in the perioperative period. Anesth Analg. 2019;128(2):265–277. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose JC, Neill TA, Hemphill JC. Continuous monitoring of the microcirculation in neurocritical care: an update on brain tissue oxygenation. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;12(2):97–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nortje J, Gupta AK. The role of tissue oxygen monitoring in patients with acute brain injury. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97(1):95–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedel AG, Holmgaard F, Rasmussen LS, et al. High-target versus low-target blood pressure management during cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent cerebral injury in cardiac surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial. Circulation. 2018;137(17):1770–1780. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glumac S, Kardum G, Karanović N. IS IT TIME TO REDEFINE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY? THE IMPORTANCE OF METHODOLOGICAL CONSISTENCY. Acta Clin Croat. 2021;60(1):127–130. doi:10.20471/acc.2021.60.01.18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian B, Nyman C, Fritock M, et al. A multicenter pilot study assessing regional cerebral oxygen desaturation frequency during cardiopulmonary bypass and responsiveness to an intervention algorithm. Anesth Analg. 2016;122(6):1786–1793. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colak Z, Borojevic M, Bogovic A, Ivancan V, Biocina B, Majeric-Kogler V. Influence of intraoperative cerebral oximetry monitoring on neurocognitive function after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, prospective study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;47(3):447–454. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezu193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett SR, Smith N, Bennett MR. Cerebral oximetry in adult cardiac surgery to reduce the incidence of neurological impairment and hospital length-of-stay: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Intensive Care Soc. 2022;23(2):109–116. doi:10.1177/1751143720977280
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qin XW, Chen XL, Yao L. [The value of intraoperative monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021;101(5):345–349. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200527-01681
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Semrau JS, Motamed M, Ross-White A, Boyd JG. Cerebral oximetry and preventing neurological complication post-cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2021;59(6):1144–1154. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezaa485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng F, Sheinberg R, Yee M-S, Ono M, Zheng Y, Hogue CW. Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring and neurologic outcomes in adult cardiac surgery patients: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2013;116(3):663–676. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e318277a255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazan R, Bracco D, Hemmerling TM. Reduced cerebral oxygen saturation measured by absolute cerebral oximetry during thoracic surgery correlates with postoperative complications. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103(6):811–816. doi:10.1093/bja/aep309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemmerling TM, Bluteau MC, Kazan R, Bracco D. Significant decrease of cerebral oxygen saturation during single-lung ventilation measured using absolute oximetry. Br J Anaesth. 2008;101(6):870–875. doi:10.1093/bja/aen275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang L, Kazan R, Taddei R, Zaouter C, Cyr S, Hemmerling TM. Reduced cerebral oxygen saturation during thoracic surgery predicts early postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Br J Anaesth. 2012;108(4):623–629. doi:10.1093/bja/aer501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X-M, Li F, Liu Z-K, Shao M-T. Investigation of one-lung ventilation postoperative cognitive dysfunction and regional cerebral oxygen saturation relations. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2015;16(12):1042–1048. doi:10.1631/jzus.B1500030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui F, Zhao W, Mu D-L, et al. Association between cerebral desaturation and postoperative delirium in thoracotomy with one-lung ventilation: a prospective cohort study. Anesth Analg. 2021;133(1):176–186. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000005489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar D, Hazel A, Tauchen AJ, Sears BW, Marra G. Neurocognitive deficits and cerebral desaturation during shoulder arthroscopy with patient in beach-chair position: a review of the current literature. Am J Orthop. 2016;45(3):E63–E68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan JH, Perez H, Lee H, Saltzman M, Marra G. Evaluation of cerebral oxygen perfusion during shoulder arthroplasty performed in the semi-beach chair position. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(1):79–85. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2019.05.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen JR, Kobborg T, Shahim P, Blennow K, Rasmussen LS, Zetterberg H. Serum-neuroproteins, near-infrared spectroscopy, and cognitive outcome after beach-chair shoulder surgery: observational cohort study analyses. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021;65(1):26–33. doi:10.1111/aas.13691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu J, Wang W, Shi H. The association between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and cerebral oximetry during geriatric orthopedic surgery: a randomized controlled study. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:5733139. doi:10.1155/2021/5733139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murniece S, Soehle M, Vanags I, Mamaja B. Near infrared spectroscopy based clinical algorithm applicability during spinal neurosurgery and postoperative cognitive disturbances. Medicina. 2019;55(5). doi:10.3390/medicina55050179
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakao S, Yamamoto T, Kimura S, Mino T, Iwamoto T. Brain white matter lesions and postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a review. J Anesth. 2019;33(2):336–340. doi:10.1007/s00540-019-02613-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanaboriboon C, Vanichvithya P, Jinaworn P. What is the risk of intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturation in patients undergoing shoulder surgery in the beach chair position? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021;479(12):2677–2687. doi:10.1097/CORR.0000000000001864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laflam A, Joshi B, Brady K, et al. Shoulder surgery in the beach chair position is associated with diminished cerebral autoregulation but no differences in postoperative cognition or brain injury biomarker levels compared with supine positioning: the anesthesia patient safety foundation beach chair study. Anesth Analg. 2015;120(1):176–185. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Fu Q, Wu Z, et al. Cerebral oxygen desaturation occurs frequently in patients with hypertension undergoing major abdominal surgery. J Clin Monit Comput. 2018;32(2):285–293. doi:10.1007/s10877-017-0024-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casati A, Fanelli G, Pietropaoli P, et al. Continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery minimizes brain exposure to potential hypoxia. Anesth Analg. 2005;101(3):740–747. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000166974.96219.cd
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu P, Wang H, Mu L, Ding X, Ding W. Effect of general anesthesia on serum β-amyloid protein and regional cerebral oxygen saturation of elderly patients after subtotal gastrectomy. Exp Ther Med. 2016;12(6):3561–3566. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane T, Pugh MA. Usefulness of cerebral oximetry in preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. AANA J. 2017;85(1):49–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogers CA, Stoica S, Ellis L, et al. Randomized trial of near-infrared spectroscopy for personalized optimization of cerebral tissue oxygenation during cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2017;119(3):384–393. doi:10.1093/bja/aex182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samra SK, Dy EA, Welch K, Dorje P, Zelenock GB, Stanley JC. Evaluation of a cerebral oximeter as a monitor of cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy. Anesthesiology. 2000;93(4):964–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmonds HL, Ganzel BL, Austin EH. Cerebral oximetry for cardiac and vascular surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2004;8(2):147–166.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Denault A, Lamarche Y, Rochon A, et al. Innovative approaches in the perioperative care of the cardiac surgical patient in the operating room and intensive care unit. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30(12 Suppl):S459–S477. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.09.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denault A, Deschamps A, Murkin JM. A proposed algorithm for the intraoperative use of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007;11(4):274–281. doi:10.1177/1089253207311685
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meng L, Gruenbaum SE, Dai F, Wang T. Physiology, intervention, and outcome: three critical questions about cerebral tissue oxygen saturation monitoring. Minerva Anestesiol. 2018;84(5):599–614. doi:10.23736/S0375-9393.18.12476-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar