Automated data-adaptive analytics for electronic healthcare data to study causal treatment effects

References

• AranaARiveroETCGEWhat do we show and who does so? An analysis of the abstracts presented at the 19th ICPEPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf200430S330S331
   Google Scholar
• SuissaSGarbeEPrimer: administrative health databases in observational studies of drug effects – advantages and disadvantagesNat Clin Pract Rheumatol200731272573218037932
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SchneeweissSAvornJA review of uses of health care utilization databases for epidemiologic research on therapeuticsJ Clin Epidemiol200558432333715862718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RayWAEvaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designsAm J Epidemiol2003158991592014585769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JohnsonESBartmanBABriesacherBAThe incident user design in comparative effectiveness researchPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201322116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SeegerJDWalkerAMWilliamsPLSaperiaGMSacksFMA propensity score-matched cohort study of the effect of statins, mainly fluvastatin, on the occurrence of acute myocardial infarctionAm J Cardiol200392121447145114675584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrahamDJReichmanMEWerneckeMCardiovascular, bleeding, and mortality risks in elderly Medicare patients treated with dabigatran or warfarin for nonvalvular atrial fibrillationCirculation2015131215716425359164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissSSeegerJDLandonJWalkerAMAprotinin during coronary-artery bypass grafting and risk of deathN Engl J Med2008358877178318287600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KimSCSolomonDHRogersJRCardiovascular safety of tocilizumab versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – a Multi-database Cohort StudyArthritis Rheum201669611541164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RayWAChungCPMurrayKTHallKSteinCMAtypical anti-psychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac deathN Engl J Med2009360322523519144938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangPSSchneeweissSAvornJRisk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medicationsN Engl J Med2005353222335234116319382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EbrahimSSohaniZNMontoyaLReanalyses of randomized clinical trial dataJAMA2014312101024103225203082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PoynterJNGruberSBHigginsPDStatins and the risk of colorectal cancerN Engl J Med2005352212184219215917383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoASLeeWYYangJLoJCGurwitzJHStatin therapy and risks for death and hospitalization in chronic heart failureJAMA2006296172105211117077375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChanKAAndradeSEBolesMInhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and risk of fracture among older womenLancet200035592222185218810881890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranklinJMSchneeweissSWhen and how can real world data analyses substitute for randomized controlled trials?Clin Pharmacol Ther2017102692493328836267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalkerAMConfounding by indicationEpidemiology1996743353368793355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetriHUrquhartJChanneling bias in the interpretation of drug effectsStat Med19911045775812057656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaclureMSchneeweissSCausation of bias: the episcopeEpidemiology200112111412211138805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GlynnRJKnightELLevinRAvornJParadoxical relations of drug treatment with mortality in older personsEpidemiology200112668268911679797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SetoguchiSWarner StevensonLStewartGCInfluence of healthy candidate bias in assessing clinical effectiveness for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: cohort study of older patients with heart failureBMJ2014348g286624812112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissSRassenJAGlynnRJAvornJMogunHBrookhartMAHigh-dimensional propensity score adjustment in studies of treatment effects using health care claims dataEpidemiology200920451252219487948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CadaretteSMBanJKConsiglioGPDiffusion of innovations model helps interpret the comparative uptake of two methodological innovations: co-authorship network analysis and recommendations for the integration of novel methods in practiceJ Clin Epidemiol20178415016028017849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissSUnderstanding secondary databases: a commentary on “Sources of bias for health state characteristics in secondary databases”J Clin Epidemiol200760764865017573976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GiniRSchuemieMBrownJData extraction and management in networks of observational health care databases for scientific research: a comparison of EU-ADR, OMOP, mini-sentinel and MATRICE strategiesEGEMS (Wash DC)201641118927014709
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CurtisLHWeinerMGBoudreauDMDesign considerations, architecture, and use of the mini-sentinel distributed data systemPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201221suppl 1233122262590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MatchoARyanPFifeDReichCFidelity assessment of a clinical practice research datalink conversion to the OMOP common data modelDrug Saf2014371194595925187016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissSA basic study design for expedited safety signal evaluation based on electronic healthcare dataPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201019885886820681003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WooldridgeJMEconometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel DataCambridge, MAMIT Press2002
   Google Scholar
• GelmanACarlinJSternHRubinDBayesian Data AnalysisNew YorkChapman Hall1995
   Google Scholar
• SuissaSBlaisLErnstPPatterns of increasing beta-agonist use and the risk of fatal or near-fatal asthmaEur Respir J199479160216097995388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RassenJASchneeweissSUsing high-dimensional propensity scores to automate confounding control in a distributed medical product safety surveillance systemPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201221suppl 1414922262592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchusterTPangMPlattRWOn the role of marginal confounder prevalence – implications for the high-dimensional propensity score algorithmPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf20152491004100725866189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RobinsJMMarkSDWhitneyKNEstimating exposure effects by modelling the expectation of exposure conditional on confoundersBiometrics19924824794951637973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrookhartMASchneeweissSRothmanKJGlynnRJAvornJStürmerTVariable selection for propensity score modelsAm J Epidemiol2006163121149115616624967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MyersJARassenJAGagneJJEffects of adjusting for instrumental variables on bias and precision of effect estimatesAm J Epidemiol2011174111213122222025356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreenlandSInvited commentary: variable selection versus shrinkage in the control of multiple confoundersAm J Epidemiol20081675523529 discussion 530–53118227100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrossIDSpurious effects from an extraneous variableJ Chronic Dis19661966376475966011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RassenJAGlynnRJBrookhartMASchneeweissSCovariate selection in high-dimensional propensity score analyses of treatment effects in small samplesAm J Epidemiol2011173121404141321602301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissSSeegerJDMaclureMWangPSAvornJGlynnRJPerformance of comorbidity scores to control for confounding in epidemiologic studies using claims dataAm J Epidemiol2001154985486411682368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PeduzziPConcatoJKemperEHolfordTRFeinsteinARA simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysisJ Clin Epidemiol19964912137313798970487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranklinJMEddingsWGlynnRJSchneeweissSRegularized regression versus the high-dimensional propensity score for confounding adjustment in secondary database analysesAm J Epidemiol2015182765165926233956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CepedaMSBostonRFarrarJTStromBLComparison of logistic regression versus propensity score when the number of events is low and there are multiple confoundersAm J Epidemiol2003158328028712882951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SturmerTRothmanKJAvornJGlynnRJTreatment effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding: dealing with observations in the tails of the propensity score distribution – a simulation studyAm J Epidemiol2010172784385420716704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DesaiRJRothmanKJBatemanBTHernandez-DiazSHuybrechtsKFA propensity-score-based fine stratification approach for confounding adjustment when exposure is infrequentEpidemiology201728224925727922533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HernánMABrumbackBRobinsJMMarginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive menEpidemiology200011556157010955409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YoshidaKHernandez-DiazSSolomonDHMatching weights to simultaneously compare three treatment groups: comparison to three-way matchingEpidemiology201728338739528151746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MooreKLNeugebauerRvan der LaanMJTagerIBCausal inference in epidemiological studies with strong confoundingStat Med201231131380140422362629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArbogastPGRayWAUse disease risk scores in pharmacoepidemiologic studiesStat Methods Med Res2009181678018562398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumamaruHSchneeweissSGlynnRJSetoguchiSGagneJJDimension reduction and shrinkage methods for high dimensional disease risk scores in historical dataEmerg Themes Epidemiol201613527053942
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KumamaruHGagneJJGlynnRJSetoguchiSSchneeweissSComparison of high-dimensional confounder summary scores in comparative studies of newly marketed medicationsJ Clin Epidemiol20167620020826931292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BombardierCLaineLReicinAVIGOR Study GroupComparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study GroupN Engl J Med2000343211520152811087881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SilversteinFEFaichGGoldsteinJLGastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: a randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety studyJAMA2000284101247125510979111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GarbeEKlossSSulingMPigeotISchneeweissSHigh-dimensional versus conventional propensity scores in a comparative effectiveness study of coxibs and reduced upper gastrointestinal complicationsEur J Clin Pharmacol201369354955722763756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeHVPooleCBrookhartMAEffects of aggregation of drug and diagnostic codes on the performance of the high-dimensional propensity score algorithm: an empirical exampleBMC Med Res Methodol20131314224245772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HallasJPottegardAPerformance of the high-dimensional propensity score in a nordic healthcare modelBasic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol2017120331231727889951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TohSGarcia RodriguezLAHernanMAConfounding adjustment via a semi-automated high-dimensional propensity score algorithm: an application to electronic medical recordsPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201120884985721717528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinKJSchneeweissSConsiderations for the analysis of longitudinal electronic health records linked to claims data to study the effectiveness and safety of drugsClin Pharmacol Ther2016100214715926916672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhouMWangSVLeonardCESentinel modular program for propensity score-matched cohort analyses: application to glyburide, glipizide, and serious hypoglycemiaEpidemiology201728683884628682851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GangjiASCukiermanTGersteinHCGoldsmithCHClaseCMA systematic review and meta-analysis of hypoglycemia and cardiovascular events: a comparison of glyburide with other secretagogues and with insulinDiabetes Care200730238939417259518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EndersDOhlmeierCGarbeEThe potential of high-dimensional propensity scores in health services research: an exemplary study on the quality of care for elective percutaneous coronary interventionsHealth Serv Res201853119721328093724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PolinskiJMSchneeweissSGlynnRJLiiJRassenJAConfronting “confounding by health system use” in Medicare part D: comparative effectiveness of propensity score approaches to confounding adjustmentPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201221suppl 29098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RassenJAWahlPMAngelinoESeltzerMIRosenmanMDSchneeweissSAutomated use of electronic health record text data to improve validity in pharmacoepidemiology studiesPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201322S137623135803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MurphySAvan der LaanMJRobinsJMCPPRGMarginal mean models for dynamic regimesJ Am Stat Assoc2001964561410142320019887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NeugebauerRSchmittdielJAZhuZRassenJASeegerJDSchneeweissSHigh-dimensional propensity score algorithm in comparative effectiveness research with time-varying interventionsStat Med201534575378125488047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RobinsJMHernanMABrumbackBMarginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiologyEpidemiology200011555056010955408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranklinJMSchneeweissSPolinskiJMRassenJAPlasmode simulation for the evaluation of pharmacoepidemiologic methods in complex healthcare databasesComput Stat Data Anal20147221922624587587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WyssRSchneeweissSvan der LaanMLendleSDJuCFranklinJMUsing super learner prediction modeling to improve high-dimensional propensity score estimationEpidemiology20182919610628991001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeacyFPStuartEAOn the joint use of propensity and prognostic scores in estimation of the average treatment effect on the treated: a simulation studyStat Med201433203488350824151187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuertinJRRahmeELeLorierJPerformance of the high-dimensional propensity score in adjusting for unmeasured confoundersEur J Clin Pharmacol201672121497150527578249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenbaumPRRubinDBThe central role of propensity scores in observational studies for causal effectsBiometrika19837014155
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RubinDBEstimating causal effects from large data sets using propensity scoresAnn Intern Med19971278 pt 27577639382394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SetoguchiSSchneeweissSBrookhartMAGlynnRJCookEFEvaluating uses of data mining techniques in propensity score estimation: a simulation studyPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf200817654655518311848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeBKLesslerJStuartEAImproving propensity score weighting using machine learningStat Med201029333734619960510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WestreichDLesslerJFunkMJPropensity score estimation: neural networks, support vector machines, decision trees (CART), and meta-classifiers as alternatives to logistic regressionJ Clin Epidemiol201063882683320630332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LindenAYarnoldPRUsing classification tree analysis to generate propensity score weightsJ Eval Clin Pract201723470371228371206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PearlJInvited commentary: understanding bias amplificationAm J Epidemiol20111741112231227 discussion 1228–122922034488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissSEddingsWGlynnRJPatornoERassenJFranklinJMVariable selection for confounding adjustment in high-dimensional covariate spaces when analyzing healthcare databasesEpidemiology201728223724827779497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KarimMEPangMPlattRWCan we train machine learning methods to outperform the high-dimensional propensity score algorithm?Epidemiology201829219119829166301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShortreedSMErtefaieAOutcome-adaptive lasso: variable selection for causal inferenceBiometrics20177341111112228273693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PatornoEGlynnRJHernandez-DiazSLiuJSchneeweissSStudies with many covariates and few outcomes: selecting covariates and implementing propensity-score-based confounding adjustmentsEpidemiology201425226827824487209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der LaanMJPolleyECHubbardAESuper learnerStat Appl Genet Mol Biol2007 6:Article25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JuCGruberSLendleSDScalable collaborative targeted learning for high-dimensional dataStat Methods Med Res Epub201711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissSGagneJJGlynnRJRuhlMRassenJAAssessing the comparative effectiveness of newly marketed medications: methodological challenges and implications for drug developmentClin Pharmacol Ther201190677779022048230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranklinJMEddingsWAustinPCStuartEASchneeweissSComparing the performance of propensity score methods in healthcare database studies with rare outcomesStat Med201736121946196328208229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GlynnRJGagneJJSchneeweissSRole of disease risk scores in comparative effectiveness research with emerging therapiesPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201221suppl 213814722552989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SuissaSImmortal time bias in pharmaco-epidemiologyAm J Epidemiol2008167449249918056625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchistermanEFColeSRPlattRWOveradjustment bias and unnecessary adjustment in epidemiologic studiesEpidemiology200920448849519525685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreenlandSPearlJRobinsJMCausal diagrams for epidemiologic researchEpidemiology199910137489888278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiuWBrookhartMASetoguchiSImpact of collider-stratification bias (M-bias) in pharmacoepidemiologic studies: a simulation studyPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201019S1S212
   Google Scholar
• GreenlandSQuantifying biases in causal models: classical confounding vs collider-stratification biasEpidemiology200314330030612859030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PearlJOn a class of bias-amplifying variables that endanger effect estimatesPaper Presented at: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial IntelligenceCorvallis, ORAUAI2012
   Google Scholar
• AngristJDImbensGRubinDBIdentification of causal effects using instrumental variablesJ Am Stat Assoc199694434444455
   Google Scholar
• BrookhartMARassenJASchneeweissSInstrumental variable methods in comparative safety and effectiveness researchPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201019653755420354968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaggstromJData-driven confounder selection via Markov and Bayesian networksBiometrics2017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KennedyEHBalakrishnanSDiscussion of “data-driven confounder selection via Markov and Bayesian networks” by Jenny HaggstromBiometrics2017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FriedmanCRubinJBrownJToward a science of learning systems: a research agenda for the high-functioning learning health systemJ Am Med Inform Assoc2015221435025342177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AzoulayLYinHFilionKBThe use of pioglitazone and the risk of bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes: nested case-control studyBMJ2012344e364522653981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DormuthCRFilionKBPatersonJMCanadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies InvestigatorsHigher potency statins and the risk of new diabetes: multicentre, observational study of administrative databasesBMJ2014348g324424874977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YuOAzoulayLYinHFilionKBSuissaSSulfonylureas as initial treatment for type 2 diabetes and the risk of severe hypoglycemiaAm J Med20181313317.e311317.e322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranklinJMRassenJAAckermannDBartelsDBSchneeweissSMetrics for covariate balance in cohort studies of causal effectsStat Med201433101685169924323618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AustinPCBalance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samplesStat Med200928253083310719757444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MadiganDRyanPBSchuemieMEvaluating the impact of database heterogeneity on observational study resultsAm J Epidemiol2013178464565123648805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GagneJJWangSVRassenJASchneeweissSA modular, prospective, semi-automated drug safety monitoring system for use in a distributed data environmentPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf201423661962724788694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ConnollyJGWangSVFullerCCDevelopment and application of two semi-automated tools for targeted medical product surveillance in a distributed data networkCurr Epidemiol Rep20174429830629204333
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GagneJJHanXHennessySSuccessful comparison of US Food and Drug Administration sentinel analysis tools to traditional approaches in quantifying a known drug-adverse event associationClin Pharmacol Ther2016100555856427416001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FilionKBChateauDTargownikLECNODES InvestigatorsProton pump inhibitors and the risk of hospitalisation for community-acquired pneumonia: replicated cohort studies with meta-analysisGut201463455255823856153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FilionKBAzoulayLPlattRWA multicenter observational study of incretin-based drugs and heart failureN Engl J Med2016374121145115427007958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YildirimMAGohKICusickMEBarabasiALVidalMDrug-target networkNat Biotechnol200725101119112617921997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangRSLoscalzoJIlluminating drug action by network integration of disease genes: a case study of myocardial infarctionMol Biosyst20161251653166627004607
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ChengFDesaiRJHandyDENetwork-based approach to prediction and population-based validation of in silico drug repurposingNat Commun2018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JoffeMMExhaustion, automation, theory, and confoundingEpidemiology200920452352419525688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeonardCEBrensingerCMAquilanteCLComparative safety of sulfonylureas and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmiaDiabetes Care201841471372229437823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PatornoEGopalakrishnanCFranklinJMClaims-based studies of oral glucose-lowering medications can achieve balance in critical clinical parameters only observed in electronic health recordsDiabetes Obes Metab2017204974984
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EngPMSeegerJDLoughlinJCliffordCRMentorSWalkerAMSupplementary data collection with case-cohort analysis to address potential confounding in a cohort study of thromboembolism in oral contraceptive initiators matched on claims-based propensity scoresPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf200817329730518215000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TohSReichmanMEHoustounMComparative risk for angioedema associated with the use of drugs that target the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemArch Int Med2012172158223147456
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RassenJAChoudhryNKAvornJSchneeweissSCardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients using clopidogrel with PPIs after percutaneous coronary interventionCirculation20091202322232919933932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissSPatrickARSolomonDHThe comparative safety of antidepressant agents in children regarding suicidal actsPediatrics201012587688820385637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchneeweissSPatrickARSolomonDHVariation in the risk of suicide attempts and completed suicides by antidepressant agent in adultsArch Gen Psychiatry20106749750620439831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PatornoEBohnRLWahlPMAnticonvulsant medications and the risk of suicide, attempted suicide, or violent deathJAMA20103031401140920388896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar