References
- Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum P, et al. Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy, April 2005. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47(8):571–576. doi:10.1017/S001216220500112X16108461
- Krägeloh-Mann I, Cans C. Cerebral palsy update. Brain Dev. 2009;31(7):537–544. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2009.03.00919386453
- Oskoui M, Coutinho F, Dykeman J, Jetté N, Pringsheim T. An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55(6):509–519. doi:10.1111/dmcn.1208023346889
- Graham HK, Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, et al. Cerebral palsy. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:15082. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.8227188686
- Glinianaia SV, Best KE, Lingam R, Rankin J. Predicting the prevalence of cerebral palsy by severity level in children aged 3 to 15 years across England and Wales by 2020. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017;59(8):864–870. doi:10.1111/dmcn.1347528574167
- Westbom L, Hagglund G, Nordmark E. Cerebral palsy in a total population of 4–11 year olds in southern Sweden. Prevalence and distribution according to different CP classification systems. BMC Pediatr. 2007;7(1):41. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-7-4118053264
- Johnson A. Prevalence and characteristics of children with cerebral palsy in Europe. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44(9):633–640. doi:10.1017/S001216220100267512227618
- Sinha G, Corry P, Subesinghe D, Wild J, Levene MI. Prevalence and type of cerebral palsy in a British ethnic community: the role of consanguinity. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39(4):259–262. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07422.x9183266
- Hjern A, Thorngren-Jerneck K. Perinatal complications and socio-economic differences in cerebral palsy in Sweden–a national cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2008;8(1):49. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-8-4918973666
- Colver A, Gibson M, Hey E, Jarvis S, Mackie P, Richmond S. Increasing rates of cerebral palsy across the severity spectrum in north-east England 1964–1993. Arch Dis Childhood-Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000;83(1):F7–F12. doi:10.1136/fn.83.1.f710873162
- Surman G, Newdick H, Johnson A. Cerebral palsy rates among low-birthweight infants fell in the 1990s. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003;45(7):456–462. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00940.x 12828399
- Pharoah P, Cooke T, Johnson M, King R, Mutch L. Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in England and Scotland, 1984–9. Arch Dis Childhood-Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1998;79(1):F21–F25. doi:10.1136/fn.79.1.f219797620
- Health e-Research Centre. £19m investment into e-health research centres; 2012 https://www.herc.ac.uk/2012/08/02/1178/. Accessed 119, 2018.
- Medical Research Council. Research changes lives 2014-2019; 2013 https://mrc.ukri.org/publications/browse/strategic-plan-2014-19/. Accessed 119, 2018.
- Burns EM, Rigby E, Mamidanna R, et al. Systematic review of discharge coding accuracy. J Public Health (Bangkok). 2011;34(1):138–148. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr054
- Mathur R, Bhaskaran K, Chaturvedi N, et al. Completeness and usability of ethnicity data in UK-based primary care and hospital databases. J Public Health (Bangkok). 2013;36(4):684–692. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdt116
- NHS Digital. Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF). https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-tools-and-services/data-services/general-practice-data-hub/quality-outcomes-framework-qof. Accessed 119, 2018.
- Bishop CF, Small N, Parslow R, Kelly B. Healthcare use for children with complex needs: using routine health data linked to a multiethnic, ongoing birth cohort. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e018419. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018419
- Suruki RY, Daugherty JB, Boudiaf N, Albers FC. The frequency of asthma exacerbations and healthcare utilization in patients with asthma from the UK and USA. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1):74. doi:10.1186/s12890-017-0500-928449686
- Rothnie KJ, Müllerová H, Thomas SL, et al. Recording of hospitalizations for acute exacerbations of COPD in UK electronic health care records. Clin Epidemiol. 2016;8:771–782. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S11786727920578
- O‘Callaghan ME, MacLennan AH, Gibson CS, et al. Epidemiologic associations with cerebral palsy. Obstetrics Gynecology. 2011;118(3):576–582. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31822ad2dc21860286
- Meehan E, Reid SM, Williams K, et al. Hospital admissions in children with cerebral palsy: a data linkage study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017;59(5):512–519. doi:10.1111/dmcn.1335027900776
- Blackmore AM, Bear N, Blair E, et al. Predicting respiratory hospital admissions in young people with cerebral palsy. Arch Dis Child. 2018;103:1119–1124. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-31434629555725
- Berry JG, Glader L, Stevenson RD, et al. Associations of coexisting conditions with healthcare spending for children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr. 2018;200:111–117. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.04.02129752173
- Kancherla V, Amendah DD, Grosse SD, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Van Naarden Braun K, Van Naarden Braun K. Medical expenditures attributable to cerebral palsy and intellectual disability among medicaid-enrolled children. Res Dev Disabil. 2012;33(3):832–840. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.12.00122245730
- Herrett E, Gallagher AM, Bhaskaran K, et al. Data resource profile: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(3):827–836. doi:10.1093/ije/dyv09826050254
- CPRD. https://www.cprd.com. Accessed 14, 2019.
- The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research. http://farrinstitute.org/. Accessed 14, 2019.
- Lyons RA, Jones KH, John G, et al. The SAIL databank: linking multiple health and social care datasets. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2009;9(1):3. doi:10.1186/1472-6947-9-319149883
- National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcomes and Death. Each and every need: a review of the quality of care provided to patients aged 0–25 years old with chronic neurodisability, using the cerebral palsies as examples of chronic neurodisabling conditions; 2018 www.ncepod.org.uk/2018report1/downloads/EachAndEveryNeed_FullReport.pdf. Accessed 119, 2018.
- Jones KH, Ford DV, Jones C, et al. A case study of the Secure Anonymous Information Linkage (SAIL) gateway: a privacy-protecting remote access system for health-related research and evaluation. J Biomed Inform. 2014;50:196–204. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2014.01.00324440148
- Meeraus WH, Petersen I, Gilbert R, Ginsberg SD. Association between antibiotic prescribing in pregnancy and cerebral palsy or epilepsy in children born at term: a cohort study using the health improvement network. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):1–14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122034
- Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government. English indices of deprivation 2015; 2015 https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015. Accessed 119, 2018.
- Welsh Government. Welsh index of multiple deprivation 2014; 2015 http://gov.wales/statistics-and-research/welsh-index-multipledeprivation/?lang=en. Accessed 119, 2018.
- Welsh Government. A profile of long-term and chronic conditions in Wales; 2006 http://www.wales.nhs.uk/documents/profile-long_term-chronic-e.pdf. Accessed 119, 2018.
- Mahbubani K, Georgiades F, Goh EL, et al. Clinician-directed improvement in the accuracy of hospital clinical coding. Future Hosp J. 2018;5(1):47–51. doi:10.7861/futurehosp.5-1-47
- NHS Digital. https://digital.nhs.uk/services/terminology-and-classifications/snomed-ct. Accessed 119, 2018.
- NHS Digital. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-sets. Accessed 1115, 2018.
- Surman G, Bonellie S, Chalmers J, et al. UKCP: a collaborative network of cerebral palsy registers in the United Kingdom. J Public Health (Bangkok). 2006;28(2):148–156. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdi087
- Bhasin TK, Brocksen S, Avchen RN, Braun KVN. Prevalence of four developmental disabilities among children aged 8 years: metropolitan atlanta developmental disabilities surveillance program, 1996 and 2000. MMWR. Serveillance Summaries 2006;55(1):1–9.
- Yeargin-Allsopp M, Braun KVN, Doernberg NS, Benedict RE, Kirby RS, Durkin MS. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in 8-year-old children in three areas of the United States in 2002: a multisite collaboration. Pediatrics. 2008;121(3):547–554. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-127018310204
- Durkin MS, Maenner MJ, Benedict RE, et al. The role of socio‐economic status and perinatal factors in racial disparities in the risk of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57(9):835–843. doi:10.1111/dmcn.1274625808915
- Oskoui M, Ng P, Dorais M, et al. Accuracy of administrative claims data for cerebral palsy diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study. CMAJ Open. 2017;5(3):E570–E575. doi:10.9778/cmajo.20170013