References
- MolodeckyNASoonISRabiDMIncreasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic reviewGastroenterology20121424654 e42quiz e3022001864
- NgSCBernsteinCNVatnMHGeographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel diseaseGut20136263064923335431
- BenchimolEIFortinskyKJGozdyraPVan den HeuvelMVan LimbergenJGriffithsAMEpidemiology of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of international trendsInflamm Bowel Dis20111742343920564651
- LoftusEVJrClinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influencesGastroenterology20041261504151715168363
- BernsteinCNShanahanFDisorders of a modern lifestyle: reconciling the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseasesGut2008571185119118515412
- PrideauxLKammMADe CruzPPChanFKNgSCInflammatory bowel disease in Asia: a systematic reviewJ Gastroenterol Hepatol2012271266128022497584
- MalmborgPGrahnquistLLindholmJMontgomerySHildebrandHIncreasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Northern Stockholm County 2002–2007J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr Epub312013
- GrieciTButterAThe incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the pediatric population of Southwestern OntarioJ Pediatr Surg20094497798019433182
- BernsteinCNRawsthornePCheangMBlanchardJFA population-based case control study of potential risk factors for IBDAm J Gastroenterol2006101993100216696783
- PerminowGBrackmannSLyckanderLGA characterization in childhood inflammatory bowel disease, a new population-based inception cohort from South-Eastern Norway, 2005–2007, showing increased incidence in Crohn’s diseaseScand J Gastroenterol20094444645619117240
- LehtinenPAshornMIltanenSIncidence trends of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Finland, 1987–2003, a nationwide studyInflamm Bowel Dis2011171778178321744433
- PinskVLembergDAGrewalKBarkerCCSchreiberRAJacobsonKInflammatory bowel disease in the South Asian pediatric population of British ColumbiaAm J Gastroenterol20071021077108317378907
- ProbertCSJayanthiVPinderDWicksACMayberryJFEpidemiological study of ulcerative proctocolitis in Indian migrants and the indigenous population of LeicestershireGut1992336876931307684
- Barreiro-de AcostaMAlvarez CastroASoutoRIglesiasMLorenzoADominguez-MunozJEEmigration to western industrialized countries: A risk factor for developing inflammatory bowel diseaseJ Crohns Colitis2011556656922115376
- BenchimolEIGuttmannAGriffithsAMIncreasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: evidence from health administrative dataGut2009581490149719651626
- FleischerDEGrimmISFriedmanLSInflammatory bowel disease inolder patientsMed Clin North Am199478130313197967911
- GrimmISFriedmanLSInflammatory bowel disease in the elderlyGastroenterol Clin North Am1990193613892194950
- LashnerBAKirsnerJBInflammatory bowel disease in older peopleClin Geriatr Med199172872991855159
- LindnerAEInflammatory bowel disease in the elderlyClin Geriatr Med19991548749710393737
- RobertsonDJGrimmISInflammatory bowel disease in the elderlyGastroenterol Clin North Am20013040942611432298
- SoftleyAMyrenJClampSEInflammatory bowel disease in the elderly patientScand J Gastroenterol Suppl198814427303165553
- AnanthakrishnanANBinionDGTreatment of ulcerative colitis in the elderlyDig Dis200927332733419786760
- KatzSPardiDSInflammatory bowel disease of the elderly: frequently asked questions (FAQs)Am J Gastroenterol20111061889189721862997
- ChoJHBrantSRRecent insights into the genetics of inflammatory bowel diseaseGastroenterology20111401704171221530736
- DensonLALongMDMcGovernDPChallenges in IBD Research: Update on Progress and Prioritization of the CCFA’s Research AgendaInflamm Bowel Dis20131967768223448796
- HalfvarsonJBodinLTyskCLindbergEJarnerotGInflammatory bowel disease in a Swedish twin cohort: a long-term follow-up of concordance and clinical characteristicsGastroenterology20031241767177312806610
- BrantSRUpdate on the heritability of inflammatory bowel disease: the importance of twin studiesInflamm Bowel Dis2011171520629102
- HalfvarsonJGenetics in twins with Crohn’s disease: less pronounced than previously believed?Inflamm Bowel Dis20111761220848478
- HugotJPCezardJPColombelJFClustering of Crohn’s disease within affected sibshipsEur J Hum Genet20031117918412634866
- LaharieDDebeugnySPeetersMInflammatory bowel disease in spouses and their offspringGastroenterology200112081681911231934
- SartorRBMicrobial influences in inflammatory bowel diseasesGastroenterology200813457759418242222
- OlszakTAnDZeissigSMicrobial exposure during early life has persistent effects on natural killer T cell functionScience201233648949322442383
- RoundJLLeeSMLiJThe Toll-like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiotaScience201133297497721512004
- AtarashiKTanoueTShimaTInduction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium speciesScience201133133734121205640
- HviidASvanstromHFrischMAntibiotic use and inflammatory bowel diseases in childhoodGut201160495420966024
- MolodeckyNAKaplanGGEnvironmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseaseGastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)2010633934620567592
- CastiglioneFDiaferiaMMoraceFRisk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases according to the “hygiene hypothesis”: a case-control, multi-centre, prospective study in Southern ItalyJ Crohns Colitis2012632432922405169
- BaronSTurckDLeplatCEnvironmental risk factors in paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: a population based case control studyGut20055435736315710983
- KlementECohenRVBoxmanJJosephAReifSBreastfeeding and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review with meta-analysisAm J Clin Nutr2004801342135215531685
- BarclayARRussellRKWilsonMLGilmourWHSatsangiJWilsonDCSystematic review: the role of breastfeeding in the development of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseaseJ Pediatr200915542142619464699
- KhaliliHAnanthakrishnanANHiguchiLMRichterJMFuchsCSChanATEarly life factors and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in adulthoodInflamm Bowel Dis20131954254723429446
- GearryRBRichardsonAKFramptonCMDodgshunAJBarclayMLPopulation-based cases control study of inflammatory bowel disease risk factorsJ Gastroenterol Hepatol20102532533320074146
- HansenTSJessTVindIEnvironmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study based on a Danish inception cohortJ Crohns Colitis2011557758422115378
- FanaroSChiericiRGuerriniPVigiVIntestinal microflora in early infancy: composition and developmentActa Paediatr Suppl200391485514599042
- MidtvedtACMidtvedtTProduction of short chain fatty acids by the intestinal microflora during the first 2 years of human lifeJ Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr1992153954031469519
- GradelKONielsenHLSchonheyderHCEjlertsenTKristensenBNielsenHIncreased short- and long-term risk of inflammatory bowel disease after salmonella or campylobacter gastroenteritisGastroenterology200913749550119361507
- PorterCKTribbleDRAliagaPAHalvorsonHARiddleMSInfectious gastroenteritis and risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseaseGastroenterology200813578178618640117
- LutherJDaveMHigginsPDKaoJYAssociation between Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literatureInflamm Bowel Dis2010161077108419760778
- RamMBarzilaiOShapiraYHelicobacter pylori serology in autoimmune diseases – fact or fiction?Clin Chem Lab Med2012018
- SonnenbergAGentaRMLow prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with inflammatory bowel diseaseAliment Pharmacol Ther20123546947622221289
- OwyangSYLutherJOwyangCCZhangMKaoJYHelicobacter pylori DNA’s anti-inflammatory effect on experimental colitisGut Microbes2012316817122356863
- ElliottDEWeinstockJVWhere are we on worms?Curr Opin Gastroenterol20122855155623079675
- HunterMMMcKayDMReview article: helminths as therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel diseaseAliment Pharmacol Ther20041916717714723608
- ChuKMWatermeyerGShellyLChildhood helminth exposure is protective against inflammatory bowel disease: a case control study in South AfricaInflamm Bowel Dis20131961462023380935
- BlumAMHangLSetiawanTHeligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri induces tolerogenic dendritic cells that block colitis and prevent antigen-specific gut T cell responsesJ Immunol20121892512252022844110
- WalkSTBlumAMEwingSAWeinstockJVYoungVBAlteration of the murine gut microbiota during infection with the parasitic helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrusInflamm Bowel Dis2010161841184920848461
- SummersRWElliottDEUrbanJFJrThompsonRWeinstockJVTrichuris suis therapy in Crohn’s diseaseGut200554879015591509
- SummersRWElliottDEUrbanJFJrThompsonRAWeinstockJVTrichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trialGastroenterology200512882583215825065
- KronmanMPZaoutisTEHaynesKFengRCoffinSEAntibiotic exposure and IBD development among children: a population-based cohort studyPediatrics2012130794803
- ShawSYBlanchardJFBernsteinCNAssociation between the use of antibiotics in the first year of life and pediatric inflammatory bowel diseaseAm J Gastroenterol20101052687269220940708
- VirtaLAuvinenAHeleniusHHuovinenPKolhoKLAssociation of repeated exposure to antibiotics with the development of pediatric Crohn’s disease – a nationwide, register-based finnish case-control studyAm J Epidemiol201217577578422366379
- ShawSYBlanchardJFBernsteinCNAssociation between the use of antibiotics and new diagnoses of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitisAm J Gastroenterol20111062133214221912437
- KhaliliHHiguchiLMAnanthakrishnanANOral contraceptives, reproductive factors and risk of inflammatory bowel diseaseGut EpubJune12012
- CornishJATanESimillisCClarkSKTeareJTekkisPPThe risk of oral contraceptives in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysisAm J Gastroenterol20081032394240018684177
- TimmerASutherlandLRMartinFOral contraceptive use and smoking are risk factors for relapse in Crohn’s disease. The Canadian Mesalamine for Remission of Crohn’s Disease Study GroupGastroenterology1998114114311509618650
- CosnesJCarbonnelFCarratFBeaugerieLGendreJPOral contraceptive use and the clinical course of Crohn’s disease: a prospective cohort studyGut19994521822210403733
- ZapataLBPaulenMECansinoCMarchbanksPACurtisKMContraceptive use among women with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic reviewContraception201082728520682145
- CipollaGCremaFSaccoSMoroEde PontiFFrigoGNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and inflammatory bowel disease: current perspectivesPharmacol Res2002461612208114
- AnanthakrishnanANHiguchiLMHuangESAspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and risk for Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis: a cohort studyAnn Intern Med201215635035922393130
- TakeuchiKSmaleSPremchandPPrevalence and mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced clinical relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel diseaseClin Gastroenterol Hepatol2006419620216469680
- BernsteinCNSinghSGraffLAWalkerJRMillerNCheangMA prospective population-based study of triggers of symptomatic fares in IBDAm J Gastroenterol20101051994200220372115
- De SilvaPAnanthakrishnanANVitamin D and IBD: More pieces to the puzzle, still no complete pictureInflamm Bowel Dis2012181391139322180018
- KhaliliHHuangESAnanthakrishnanANGeographical variation and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among US womenGut2012611686169222241842
- AnanthakrishnanANKhaliliHHiguchiLMHigher predicted vitamin D status is associated with reduced risk of Crohn’s diseaseGastroenterology201214248248922155183
- UlitskyAAnanthakrishnanANNaikAVitamin D deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: association with disease activity and quality of lifeJPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr20113530831621527593
- SoonISMolodeckyNARabiDMGhaliWABarkemaHWKaplanGGThe relationship between urban environment and the inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysisBMC Gastroenterol2012125122624994
- HaugKSchrumpfEHalvorsenJFEpidemiology of Crohn’s disease in western Norway. Study group of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Western NorwayScand J Gastroenterol198924127112752602908
- KaplanGGHubbardJKorzenikJThe inflammatory bowel diseases and ambient air pollution: a novel associationAm J Gastroenterol20101052412241920588264
- AnanthakrishnanANMcGinleyELBinionDGSaeianKAmbient air pollution correlates with hospitalizations for inflammatory bowel disease: an ecologic analysisInflamm Bowel Dis2011171138114520806342
- SonnenbergAOccupational distribution of inflammatory bowel disease among German employeesGut199031103710402210450
- CalkinsBMA meta-analysis of the role of smoking in inflammatory bowel diseaseDig Dis Sci198934184118542598752
- MahidSSMinorKSSotoREHornungCAGalandiukSSmoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysisMayo Clin Proc2006811462147117120402
- HiguchiLMKhaliliHChanATRichterJMBousvarosAFuchsCSA prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease in womenAm J Gastroenterol20121071399140622777340
- CosnesJTobacco and IBD: relevance in the understanding of disease mechanisms and clinical practiceBest Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol20041848149615157822
- CosnesJCarbonnelFCarratFBeaugerieLCattanSGendreJEffects of current and former cigarette smoking on the clinical course of Crohn’s diseaseAliment Pharmacol Ther1999131403141110571595
- CosnesJSmoking, physical activity, nutrition and lifestyle: environmental factors and their impact on IBDDig Dis20102841141720926865
- LeongRWLauJYSungJJThe epidemiology and phenotype of Crohn’s disease in the Chinese populationInflamm Bowel Dis20041064665115472528
- Chapman-KiddellCADaviesPSGillenLRadford-SmithGLRole of diet in the development of inflammatory bowel diseaseInflamm Bowel Dis20101613715119462428
- ZallotCQuilliotDChevauxJBDietary beliefs and behavior among inflammatory bowel disease patientsInflamm Bowel Dis201319667222467242
- SilkoffKHallakAYegenaLConsumption of refined carbohydrate by patients with Crohn’s disease in Tel-Aviv-YafoPostgrad Med J1980568428467267494
- KasperHSommerHDietary fiber and nutrient intake in Crohn’s diseaseAm J Clin Nutr19793218981901474481
- GentschewLFergusonLRRole of nutrition and microbiota in susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseasesMol Nutr Food Res20125652453522495981
- TjonnelandAOvervadKBergmannMMLinoleic acid, a dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and the aetiology of ulcerative colitis: a nested case-control study within a European prospective cohort studyGut2009581606161119628674
- D’SouzaSLevyEMackDDietary patterns and risk for Crohn’s disease in childrenInflamm Bowel Dis20081436737318092347
- AnanthakrishnanANEnvironmental triggers for inflammatory bowel diseaseCurr Gastroenterol Rep20131530223250702
- LereboursEGower-RousseauCMerleVStressful life events as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease onset: A population-based case-control studyAm J Gastroenterol200710212213117100973
- AnanthakrishnanANKhaliliHPanAAssociation between depressive symptoms and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: results from the Nurses’ Health StudyClin Gastroenterol Hepatol201311576222944733
- SajadinejadMSAsgariKMolaviHKalantariMAdibiPPsychological issues in inflammatory bowel disease: an overviewGastroenterol Res Pract2012201210650222778720
- HollanderDInflammatory bowel diseases and brain-gut axisJ Physiol Pharmacol200354Suppl 418319015075459
- RamptonDSThe influence of stress on the development and severity of immune-mediated diseasesJ Rheumatol Suppl201188434722045978
- LevensteinSPranteraCVarvoVStress and exacerbation in ulcerative colitis: a prospective study of patients enrolled in remissionAm J Gastroenterol2000951213122010811330
- AnanthakrishnanANGainerVSPerezRGPsychiatric co-morbidity is associated with increased risk of surgery in Crohn’s diseaseAliment Pharmacol Ther20133744545423289600