150
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Improved understanding of factors driving methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic waves

&
Pages 205-217 | Published online: 04 Jul 2013

References

  • MishraRPOviedo-OrtaEPrachiPRappuoliRBagnoliFVaccines and antibiotic resistanceCurr Opin Microbiol20121559660222981392
  • ChambersHFDeLeoFRWaves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic eraNat Rev Microbiol2009762964119680247
  • MoelleringRCJrPast, present, and future of antimicrobial agentsAm J Med19959911S18S8585528
  • LowyFDStaphylococcus aureus infectionsN Engl J Med19983395205329709046
  • KirbyHUne faute de transcription, d’orthographe, ou d’impressionScience194410042542717830677
  • DemerecMProduction of Staphylococcus strains resistant to various concentrations of penicillinProc Natl Acad Sci USA194531162416588677
  • MurrayBEMoelleringRCJrPatterns and mechanisms of antibiotic resistanceMed Clin North Am197862899923366296
  • AbrahamEPChainEAn enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. 1940Rev Infect Dis1988106776783055168
  • RountreePMFreemanBMBarbourRGNasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in the general population and its relationship to hospitalization and to penicillin therapyMed J Aust1954245746013213371
  • JevonsMPParkerMTThe evolution of new hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureusJ Clin Pathol19641724325014159451
  • JevonsMPRolinsonGNKnoxRCelbenin-resistant staphylococciBMJ19611124126
  • MatsuhashiMSongMDIshinoFMolecular cloning of the gene of a penicillin-binding protein supposed to cause high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureusJ Bacteriol19861679759803638304
  • MurakamiKTomaszAInvolvement of multiple genetic determinants in high-level methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureusJ Bacteriol19891718748792536684
  • ItoTKatayamaYHiramatsuKCloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the entire mec DNA of pre-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N315Antimicrob Agents Chemother1999431449145810348769
  • CharleboisEDPerdreau-RemingtonFKreiswirthBOrigins of community strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusClin Infect Dis200439475415206052
  • DeLeoFROttoMKreiswirthBNChambersHFCommunity-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusLancet20103751557156820206987
  • DeLeoFRChambersHFReemergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the genomics eraJ Clin Invest20091192464247419729844
  • OttoMBasis of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusAnnu Rev Microbiol20106414316220825344
  • UdoEEPearmanJWGrubbWBGenetic analysis of community isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Western AustraliaJ Hosp Infect199325971087903093
  • [No authors listed]From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four pediatric deaths from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – Minnesota and North Dakota, 1997–1999JAMA19992821123112510501104
  • HeroldBCImmergluckLCMarananMCCommunity-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children with no identified predisposing riskJAMA19982795935989486753
  • VandeneschFNaimiTEnrightMCCommunity-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: worldwide emergenceEmerg Infect Dis2003997898412967497
  • OttoMMRSA virulence and spreadCell Microbiol2012141513152122747834
  • JoshiGSSpontakJSKlapperDGRichardsonARArginine catabolic mobile element encoded speG abrogates the unique hypersensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to exogenous polyaminesMol Microbiol20118292021902734
  • ThurlowLRJoshiGSClarkJRFunctional modularity of the arginine catabolic mobile element contributes to the success of USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusCell Host Microbe20131310010723332159
  • SkovRChristiansenKDancerSJUpdate on the prevention and control of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)Int J Antimicrob Agents20123919320022226649
  • ScanvicADenicLGaillonSGiryPAndremontALucetJCDuration of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after hospital discharge and risk factors for prolonged carriageClin Infect Dis2001321393139811317238
  • KlevensRMMorrisonMAFridkinSKCommunity-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and healthcare risk factorsEmerg Infect Dis2006121991199317326962
  • OtterJAFrenchGLCommunity-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the case for a genotypic definitionJ Hosp Infect20128114314822622448
  • JimenezJNOcampoAMVanegasJMCC8 MRSA strains harboring SCCmec type IVc are predominant in Colombian hospitalsPLoS One20127e3857622745670
  • TattevinPDiepBAJulaMPerdreau-RemingtonFLong-term follow-up of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus molecular epidemiology after emergence of clone USA300 in San Francisco jail populationsJ Clin Microbiol2008464056405718923004
  • TattevinPDiepBAJulaMPerdreau-RemingtonFMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in long-term care facilityEmerg Infect Dis20091595395519523301
  • TenoverFCTicklerIAGoeringRVKreiswirthBNMediavillaJRPersingDHCharacterization of nasal and blood culture isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from patients in United States HospitalsAntimicrob Agents Chemother2012561324133022155818
  • Abdel-HaqNAl-TatariHChearskulPMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized children: correlation of molecular analysis with clinical presentation and antibiotic susceptibility testing (ABST) resultsEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis20092854755119020911
  • BradleyABovine mastitis: an evolving diseaseVet J200216411612812359466
  • MenziesPIRamanoonSZMastitis of sheep and goatsVet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract200117333358vii11515405
  • McNameePTSmythJABacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (‘femoral head necrosis’) of broiler chickens: a reviewAvian Pathol20002947749519184841
  • VancraeynestDHaesebrouckFDeplanoAInternational dissemination of a high virulence rabbit Staphylococcus aureus cloneJ Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health20065341842217062118
  • CunyCFriedrichAKozytskaSEmergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in different animal speciesInt J Med Microbiol201030010911720005777
  • Armand-LefevreLRuimyRAndremontAClonal comparison of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from healthy pig farmers, human controls, and pigsEmerg Infect Dis20051171171415890125
  • DevrieseLAVan DammeLRFamereeLMethicillin (cloxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis casesZentralbl Veterinarmed B1972195986054486473
  • LowderBVGuinaneCMBen ZakourNLRecent human-to-poultry host jump, adaptation, and pandemic spread of Staphylococcus aureusProc Natl Acad Sci USA2009106195451955019884497
  • MusserJMSchlievertPMChowAWA single clone of Staphylococcus aureus causes the majority of cases of toxic shock syndromeProc Natl Acad Sci USA1990872252291967495
  • DevrieseLAA simplified system for biotyping Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from animal speciesJ Appl Bacteriol1984562152206373707
  • KloosWENatural populations of the genus StaphylococcusAnnu Rev Microbiol1980345595927002032
  • FluitACLivestock-associated Staphylococcus aureusClin Microbiol Infect20121873574422512702
  • WaltherBWielerLHVinczeSMRSA variant in companion animalsEmerg Infect Dis2012182017202023171478
  • PetinakiESpiliopoulouIMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among companion and food-chain animals: impact of human contactsClin Microbiol Infect20121862663422550956
  • MorrisDOLautenbachEZaoutisTLeckermanKEdelsteinPHRankinSCPotential for pet animals to harbour methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus when residing with human MRSA patientsZoonoses Public Health20125928629322233337
  • FairesMCTaterKCWeeseJSAn investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in people and pets in the same household with an infected person or infected petJ Am Vet Med Assoc200923554054319719444
  • CoughlanKOlsenKEBoxrudDBenderJBMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in resident animals of a long-term care facilityZoonoses Public Health20105722022620042067
  • HaenniMChatrePBoissetSStaphylococcal nasal carriage in calves: multiresistant Staphylococcus sciuri and immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398J Antimicrob Chemother2011661927192821609981
  • LinYBarkerEKislowJEvidence of multiple virulence subtypes in nosocomial and community-associated MRSA genotypes in companion animals from the upper midwestern and northeastern United StatesClin Med Res2011971620739580
  • GrahamPL3rdLinSXLarsonELA US population-based survey of Staphylococcus aureus colonizationAnn Intern Med200614431832516520472
  • von EiffCBeckerKMachkaKStammerHPetersGNasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Study GroupN Engl J Med2001344111611136954
  • Schechter-PerkinsEMMitchellPMMurrayKARubin-SmithJEWeirSGuptaKPrevalence and predictors of nasal and extranasal staphylococcal colonization in patients presenting to the emergency departmentAnn Emerg Med20115749249921239081
  • GorwitzRJKruszon-MoranDMcAllisterSKChanges in the prevalence of nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2001–2004J Infect Dis20081971226123418422434
  • TenoverFCMcAllisterSFosheimGCharacterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from nasal cultures collected from individuals in the United States in 2001 to 2004J Clin Microbiol2008462837284118632911
  • CreechCB2ndKernodleDSAlsentzerAWilsonCEdwardsKMIncreasing rates of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthy childrenPediatr Infect Dis J20052461762115999003
  • WenzelRPPerlTMThe significance of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and the incidence of postoperative wound infectionJ Hosp Infect19953113247499817
  • MillerLGDiepBAClinical practice: colonization, fomites, and virulence: rethinking the pathogenesis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infectionClin Infect Dis20084675276018220477
  • KazakovaSVHagemanJCMatavaMA clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among professional football playersN Engl J Med200535246847515689585
  • Elie-TurenneMCFernandesHMediavillaJRPrevalence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus colonization among healthcare professionals in an urban teaching hospitalInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol20103157458020426580
  • JarvisWRSchlosserJChinnRYTweetenSJacksonMNational prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in inpatients at US health care facilities, 2006Am J Infect Control20073563163718063126
  • FitzgeraldJRLivestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus: origin, evolution and public health threatTrends Microbiol20122019219822386364
  • AielloAELowyFDWrightLNLarsonELMeticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among US prisoners and military personnel: review and recommendations for future studiesLancet Infect Dis2006633534116728319
  • DiepBAChambersHFGraberCJEmergence of multidrug-resistant, community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone USA300 in men who have sex with menAnn Intern Med200814824925718283202
  • AdcockPMPastorPMedleyFPattersonJEMurphyTVMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two child care centersJ Infect Dis19981785775809697748
  • KluytmansJAMoutonJWIjzermanEPNasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus as a major risk factor for wound infections after cardiac surgeryJ Infect Dis19951712162197798667
  • TuazonCUPerezAKishabaTSheagrenJNStaphylococcus aureus among insulin-injecting diabetic patients. An increased carrier rateJAMA197523112721172956
  • DinauerMCChronic granulomatous disease and other disorders of phagocyte functionHematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program2005899516304364
  • ShadyabAHCrum-CianfoneNFMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among HIV-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review of the literatureHIV Med20121331933222276696
  • OlsenRJBurnsKMChenLKreiswirthBNMusserJMSevere necrotizing fasciitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusJ Clin Microbiol2008461144114718199782
  • FridkinSKHagemanJCMorrisonMMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in three communitiesN Engl J Med20053521436144415814879
  • TrillaAMiroJMIdentifying high risk patients for Staphylococcus aureus infections: skin and soft tissue infectionsJ Chemother19957 Suppl 337438609537
  • ArnoldSREliasDBuckinghamSCChanging patterns of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis: emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusJ Pediatr Orthop20062670370817065930
  • FrancisJSDohertyMCLopatinUSevere community-onset pneumonia in healthy adults caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genesClin Infect Dis20054010010715614698
  • BassettiMTrecarichiEMMesiniARisk factors and mortality of healthcare-associated and community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemiaClin Microbiol Infect20121886286921999245
  • TownellNJMunckhofWJNimmoGCommunity-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis ‘down under’: case series and literature reviewScand J Infect Dis20124453654022404422
  • TattevinPSchwartzBSGraberCJConcurrent epidemics of skin and soft tissue infection and bloodstream infection due to community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusClin Infect Dis20125578178822670044
  • ShorrAFTabakYPKillianADGuptaVLiuLZKollefMHHealthcare-associated bloodstream infection: a distinct entity? Insights from a large US databaseCrit Care Med2006342588259516915117
  • AsaiTHikiMBabaKUsuiMIshiharaKTamuraYPresence of Staphylococcus aureus ST398 and ST9 in swine in JapanJpn J Infect Dis20126555155223183212
  • KlevensRMEdwardsJRTenoverFCMcDonaldLCHoranTGaynesRChanges in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992–2003Clin Infect Dis20064238939116392087
  • KleinESmithDLLaxminarayanRHospitalizations and deaths caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999–2005Emerg Infect Dis2007131840184618258033
  • ChambersHFThe changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus?Emerg Infect Dis2001717818211294701
  • GouldIMReillyJBunyanDWalkerACosts of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its controlClin Microbiol Infect2010161721172820825434
  • KlevensRMMorrisonMANadleJInvasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United StatesJAMA20072981763177117940231
  • HanbergerHWaltherSLeoneMIncreased mortality associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in the intensive care unit: results from the EPIC II studyInt J Antimicrob Agents20113833133521798720
  • ThwaitesGEThe management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in the United Kingdom and Vietnam: a multi-centre evaluationPLoS One20105e1417021179193
  • FiliceGANymanJALexauCExcess costs and utilization associated with methicillin resistance for patients with Staphylococcus aureus infectionInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol20103136537320184420
  • CurtisLTPrevention of hospital-acquired infections: review of non-pharmacological interventionsJ Hosp Infect20086920421918513830
  • CosgroveSEQiYKayeKSHarbarthSKarchmerAWCarmeliYThe impact of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia on patient outcomes: mortality, length of stay, and hospital chargesInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol20052616617415756888
  • ClancyMGraeplerAWilsonMDouglasIJohnsonJPriceCSActive screening in high-risk units is an effective and cost-avoidant method to reduce the rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the hospitalInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol2006271009101717006806
  • Saavedra-LozanoJMejiasAAhmadNChanging trends in acute osteomyelitis in children: impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infectionsJ Pediatr Orthop20082856957518580375
  • MurilloJLCohenMKreiswirthBResults of nasal screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during a neonatal intensive care unit outbreakAm J Perinatol201027798119544247
  • MylotteJMMcDermottCStaphylococcus aureus bacteremia caused by infected intravenous cathetersAm J Infect Control198715163645972
  • MoelleringRCJrThe growing menace of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusAnn Intern Med200614436837016520479
  • MoranGJKrishnadasanAGorwitzRJMethicillin-resistant S. aureus infections among patients in the emergency departmentN Engl J Med200635566667416914702
  • YuVLGoetzAWagenerMStaphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and infection in patients on hemodialysis. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxisN Engl J Med198631591963523240
  • StryjewskiMEChambersHFSkin and soft-tissue infections caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusClin Infect Dis200846 Suppl 5S368S37718462092
  • TenoverFCMcDougalLKGoeringRVCharacterization of a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus widely disseminated in the United StatesJ Clin Microbiol20064410811816390957
  • GraberCJJacobsonMAPerdreau-RemingtonFChambersHFDiepBARecurrence of skin and soft tissue infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a HIV primary care clinicJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr20084923123318820536
  • JensenAGWachmannCHEspersenFScheibelJSkinhøjPFrimodt-MøllerNTreatment and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a prospective study of 278 casesArch Intern Med2002162253211784216
  • JohnsonLBAlmoujahedMOIlgKMaoloodLKhatiRStaphylococcus aureus bacteremia: compliance with standard treatment, long-term outcome and predictors of relapseScand J Infect Dis20033578278914723349
  • FowlerVGJrSandersLLSextonDJOutcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia according to compliance with recommendations of infectious diseases specialists: experience with 244 patientsClin Infect Dis1998274784869770144
  • LiuCBayerACosgroveSEClinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children: executive summaryClin Infect Dis20115228529221217178
  • HershALChambersHFMaselliJHGonzalesRNational trends in ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescribing for skin and soft-tissue infectionsArch Intern Med20081681585159118663172
  • LevineDPFrommBSReddyBRSlow response to vancomycin or vancomycin plus rifampin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditisAnn Intern Med19911156746801929035
  • Siegman-IgraYReichPOrni-WasserlaufRSchwartzDGiladiMThe role of vancomycin in the persistence or recurrence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemiaScand J Infect Dis20053757257816138425
  • KhatibRJohnsonLBFakihMGPersistence in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: incidence, characteristics of patients and outcomeScand J Infect Dis20063871416338832
  • FalagasMEMantaKGNtzioraFVardakasKZLinezolid for the treatment of patients with endocarditis: a systematic review of the published evidenceJ Antimicrob Chemother20065827328016735427
  • ThwaitesGEEdgeworthJDGkrania-KlotsasEClinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemiaLancet Infect Dis20111120822221371655
  • HiramatsuKAritakaNHanakiHDissemination in Japanese hospitals of strains of Staphylococcus aureus heterogeneously resistant to vancomycinLancet1997350167016739400512
  • WeigelLMClewellDBGillSRGenetic analysis of a high-level vancomycin-resistant isolate of Staphylococcus aureusScience20033021569157114645850
  • RybakMJLeonardSNRossiKLCheungCMSaderHSJonesRNCharacterization of vancomycin-heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus from the metropolitan area of Detroit, Michigan, over a 22-year period (1986 to 2007)J Clin Microbiol2008462950295418632899
  • BaeIGFederspielJJMiroJMHeterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate susceptibility phenotype in bloodstream methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from an international cohort of patients with infective endocarditis: prevalence, genotype, and clinical significanceJ Infect Dis20092001355136619811099
  • AppelbaumPCReduced glycopeptide susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)Int J Antimicrob Agents20073039840817888634
  • HiramatsuKCuiLKurodaMItoTThe emergence and evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusTrends Microbiol2001948649311597450
  • GouldIMClinical activity of anti-Gram-positive agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusJ Antimicrob Chemother201166Suppl 4iv17iv2121521703
  • PertelPEBernardoPFogartyCEffects of prior effective therapy on the efficacy of daptomycin and ceftriaxone for the treatment of community-acquired pneumoniaClin Infect Dis2008461142115118444848
  • MillerMHWexlerMASteigbigelNHSingle and combination antibiotic therapy of Staphylococcus aureus experimental endocarditis: emergence of gentamicin-resistant mutantsAntimicrob Agents Chemother197814336343251069
  • WilsonWRKarchmerAWDajaniASAntibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. American Heart AssociationJAMA1995274170617137474277
  • DworkinRJLeeBLSandeMAChambersHFTreatment of right-sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in intravenous drug users with ciprofloxacin and rifampicinLancet19892107110732572799
  • BraunLCraftDWilliamsRTuamokumoFOttoliniMIncreasing clindamycin resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 57 northeast United States military treatment facilitiesPediatr Infect Dis J20052462262615999004
  • RuheJJMenonATetracyclines as an oral treatment option for patients with community onset skin and soft tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusAntimicrob Agents Chemother2007513298330317576834
  • FrankALMarcinakJFMangatPDClindamycin treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in childrenPediatr Infect Dis J20022153053412182377
  • GouldIMCaudaREspositoSGudiolFMazzeiTGarauJManagement of serious meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: what are the limits?Int J Antimicrob Agents20113720220921300528
  • CuiLIsiiTFukudaMAn RpoB mutation confers dual heter-oresistance to daptomycin and vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureusAntimicrob Agents Chemother2010545222523320837752
  • FriedmanLAlderJDSilvermanJAGenetic changes that correlate with reduced susceptibility to daptomycin in Staphylococcus aureusAntimicrob Agents Chemother2006502137214516723576
  • YangSJKreiswirthBNSakoulasGEnhanced expression of dltABCD is associated with the development of daptomycin nonsusceptibility in a clinical endocarditis isolate of Staphylococcus aureusJ Infect Dis20092001916192019919306
  • MoralesGPicazoJJBaosEResistance to linezolid is mediated by the cfr gene in the first report of an outbreak of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureusClin Infect Dis20105082182520144045
  • GouldIMDavidMZEspositoSNew insights into meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pathogenesis, treatment and resistanceInt J Antimicrob Agents2012399610422196394
  • MediavillaJRChenLMathemaBKreiswirthBNGlobal epidemiology of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)Curr Opin Microbiol20121558859523044073
  • FrenayHMBunschotenAESchoulsLMMolecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on the basis of protein A gene polymorphismEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis19961560648641305
  • BannermanTLHancockGATenoverFCMillerJMPulsed-field gel electrophoresis as a replacement for bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureusJ Clin Microbiol1995335515557751356
  • LeeSMEnderMAdhikariRFitness cost of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by way of continuous cultureAntimicrob Agents Chemother2007511497149917283194
  • CollinsJRudkinJReckerMPozziCO’GaraJPMasseyRCOffsetting virulence and antibiotic resistance costs by MRSAISME J2010457758420072161
  • DeurenbergRHStobberinghEEThe molecular evolution of hospital-and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusCurr Mol Med2009910011519275621
  • BlairJECarrMDistribution of phage groups of Staphylococcus aureus in the years 1927 through 1947Science19601321247124817801672
  • ToddJFishautMKapralFWelchTToxic-shock syndrome associated with phage-group-I staphylococciLancet197821116111882681
  • ShandsKNSchmidGPDanBBToxic-shock syndrome in menstruating women: association with tampon use and Staphylococcus aureus and clinical features in 52 casesN Engl J Med1980303143614427432402
  • SchlievertPMShandsKNDanBBSchmidGPNishimuraRDIdentification and characterization of an exotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic-shock syndromeJ Infect Dis19811435095166972418
  • MatoRCampanileFStefaniSClonal types and multidrug resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) recovered in Italy during the 1990sMicrob Drug Resist20041010611315256025
  • EnrightMCRobinsonDARandleGFeilEJGrundmannHSprattBGThe evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2002997687769212032344
  • CoombsGWPearsonJCO’BrienFGMurrayRJGrubbWBChristiansenKJMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones, Western AustraliaEmerg Infect Dis20061224124716494749
  • NimmoGRUSA300 abroad: global spread of a virulent strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusClin Microbiol Infect20121872573422448902
  • MoneckeSCoombsGShoreACA field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusPLoS One20116e1793621494333
  • UhlemannACDumortierCHaferCMolecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from outpatients in the Caribbean reveals the presence of pandemic clonesEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis20123150551121789605
  • TavaresDASa-LeaoRMiragaiaMde LencastreHLarge screening of CA-MRSA among Staphylococcus aureus colonizing healthy young children living in two areas (urban and rural) of PortugalBMC Infect Dis20101011020438633
  • PanESDiepBACarletonHAIncreasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in California jailsClin Infect Dis2003371384138814583874
  • KingMDHumphreyBJWangYFKourbatovaEVRaySMBlumbergHMEmergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 clone as the predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infectionsAnn Intern Med200614430931716520471
  • RoloJMiragaiaMTurlej-RogackaAHigh genetic diversity among community-associated Staphylococcus aureus in Europe: results from a multicenter studyPLoS One20127e3476822558099
  • ReyesJRinconSDiazLDissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 sequence type 8 lineage in Latin AmericaClin Infect Dis2009491861186719911971
  • NicholKAAdamHJHussainZComparison of community-associated and health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Canada: results of the CANWARD 2007–2009 studyDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis20116932032521353960
  • MontgomeryCPBoyle-VavraSAdemPVComparison of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulsotypes USA300 and USA400 in a rat model of pneumoniaJ Infect Dis200819856157018598194
  • LiMDiepBAVillaruzAEEvolution of virulence in epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusProc Natl Acad Sci USA20091065883588819293374
  • KennedyADOttoMBraughtonKREpidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: recent clonal expansion and diversificationProc Natl Acad Sci USA20081051327133218216255
  • McDougalLKFosheimGENicholsonAEmergence of resistance among USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing invasive disease in the United StatesAntimicrob Agents Chemother2010543804381120585117
  • CadillaADavidMZDaumRSBoyle-VavraSAssociation of high-level mupirocin resistance and multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at an academic center in the midwestern United StatesJ Clin Microbiol2011499510021084520
  • DiepBAGillSRChangRFComplete genome sequence of USA300, an epidemic clone of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusLancet200636773173916517273
  • ItoTHiramatsuKTomaszAGuidelines for reporting novel mecA gene homologuesAntimicrob Agents Chemother2012564997499922869575
  • PantostiAMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with animals and its relevance to human healthFront Microbiol2012312722509176
  • Garcia-GraellsCAntoineJLarsenJCatryBSkovRDenisOLivestock veterinarians at high risk of acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398Epidemiol Infect201214038338922082716
  • SmithTCPearsonNThe emergence of Staphylococcus aureus ST398Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis20111132733920925523
  • BhatMDumortierCTaylorBSStaphylococcus aureus ST398, New York City and Dominican RepublicEmerg Infect Dis20091528528719193274
  • van CleefBAMonnetDLVossALivestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in humans, EuropeEmerg Infect Dis20111750250521392444
  • MeemkenDBlahaTTegelerRLivestock associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LaMRSA) isolated from lesions of pigs at necropsy in northwest Germany between 2004 and 2007Zoonoses Public Health201057e143e14820042059
  • PriceLBSteggerMHasmanHStaphylococcus aureus CC398: host adaptation and emergence of methicillin resistance in livestockMBio20123e305e311
  • MediavillaJRChenLUhlemannACMethicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398, New York and New Jersey, USAEmerg Infect Dis20121870070222469250
  • FosterTJImmune evasion by staphylococciNat Rev Microbiol2005394895816322743
  • BartlettAHFosterTJHayashidaAParkPWAlpha-toxin facilitates the generation of CXC chemokine gradients and stimulates neutrophil homing in Staphylococcus aureus pneumoniaJ Infect Dis20081981529153518823272
  • KobayashiSDMalachowaNWhitneyARComparative analysis of USA300 virulence determinants in a rabbit model of skin and soft tissue infectionJ Infect Dis201120493794121849291
  • Bubeck WardenburgJBaeTOttoMDeLeoFRSchneewindOPoring over pores: alpha-hemolysin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus pneumoniaNat Med2007131405140618064027
  • Bubeck WardenburgJSchneewindOVaccine protection against Staphylococcus aureus pneumoniaJ Exp Med200820528729418268041
  • KennedyADBubeck WardenburgJGardnerDJTargeting of alpha-hemolysin by active or passive immunization decreases severity of USA300 skin infection in a mouse modelJ Infect Dis20102021050105820726702
  • WangRBraughtonKRKretschmerDIdentification of novel cytolytic peptides as key virulence determinants for community-associated MRSANat Med2007131510151417994102
  • PeriasamySJooHSDuongACHow Staphylococcus aureus biofilms develop their characteristic structureProc Natl Acad Sci USA20121091281128622232686
  • SurewaardBGde HaasCJVervoortFStaphylococcal alpha-phenol soluble modulins contribute to neutrophil lysis after phagocytosisCell Microbiol Epub382013
  • ChatterjeeSSJooHSDuongACEssential Staphylococcus aureus toxin export systemNat Med20131936436723396209
  • KretschmerDGleskeAKRautenbergMHuman formyl peptide receptor 2 senses highly pathogenic Staphylococcus aureusCell Host Microbe2010746347320542250
  • YoongPTorresVJThe effects of Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxins on the host: cell lysis and beyondCurr Opin Microbiol201316636923466211
  • MalachowaNDeLeoFRMobile genetic elements of Staphylococcus aureusCell Mol Life Sci2010673057307120668911
  • LofferBHussainMGrundmeierMStaphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin is a very potent cytotoxic factor for human neutrophilsPLoS Pathog20106e100071520072612
  • DumontALNygaardTKWatkinsRLCharacterization of a new cytotoxin that contributes to Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesisMol Microbiol20117981482521255120
  • MalachowaNKobayashiSDBraughtonKRStaphylococcus aureus leukotoxin GH promotes inflammationJ Infect Dis20122061185119322872735
  • MorinagaNKaihouYNodaMPurification, cloning and characterization of variant LukE-LukD with strong leukocidal activity of staphylococcal bi-component leukotoxin familyMicrobiol Immunol200347819012636257
  • AlonzoF3rdKozhayaLRawlingsSACCR5 is a receptor for Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin EDNature2013493515523235831
  • LiMDuXVillaruzAEMRSA epidemic linked to a quickly spreading colonization and virulence determinantNat Med20121881681922522561
  • DeLeoFRKennedyADChenLMolecular differentiation of historic phage-type 80/81 and contemporary epidemic Staphylococcus aureusProc Natl Acad Sci USA2011108180911809622025717
  • MwangiMMWuSWZhouYTracking the in vivo evolution of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by whole-genome sequencingProc Natl Acad Sci USA20071049451945617517606
  • HowdenBPStinearTPAllenDLJohnsonPDWardPBDaviesJKGenomic analysis reveals a point mutation in the two-component sensor gene graS that leads to intermediate vancomycin resistance in clinical Staphylococcus aureusAntimicrob Agents Chemother2008523755376218644967
  • HowdenBPMcEvoyCRAllenDLEvolution of multidrug resistance during Staphylococcus aureus infection involves mutation of the essential two component regulator WalKRPLoS Pathog20117e100235922102812
  • GaoWChuaKDaviesJKTwo novel point mutations in clinical Staphylococcus aureus reduce linezolid susceptibility and switch on the stringent response to promote persistent infectionPLoS Pathog20106e100094420548948
  • McAdamPRHolmesATempletonKEFitzgeraldJRAdaptive evolution of Staphylococcus aureus during chronic endobronchial infection of a cystic fibrosis patientPLoS One20116e2430121912685
  • UhlemannACKennedyADMartensCPorcellaSFDeLeoFRLowyFDToward an understanding of the evolution of Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 during colonization in community householdsGenome Biol Evol201241275128523104992
  • YoungBCGolubchikTBattyEMEvolutionary dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus during progression from carriage to diseaseProc Natl Acad Sci USA20121094550455522393007
  • WertheimHFVosMCBoelensHALow prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at hospital admission in the Netherlands: the value of search and destroy and restrictive antibiotic useJ Hosp Infect20045632132515066745
  • VosMCOttAVerbrughHASuccessful search-and-destroy policy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the NetherlandsJ Clin Microbiol2005432034 author reply 2034–203515815056
  • GravelandHWagenaarJAHeesterbeekHMeviusDvan DuijkerenEHeederikDMethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in veal calf farming: human MRSA carriage related with animal antimicrobial usage and farm hygienePLoS One20105e1099020544020
  • KallenAJMuYBulensSHealth care-associated invasive MRSA infections, 2005–2008JAMA201030464164820699455
  • JohnsonAPDaviesJGuyRMandatory surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia in England: the first 10 yearsJ Antimicrob Chemother20126780280922223229
  • WyllieDHWalkerASMillerRDecline of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Oxfordshire hospitals is strain- specific and preceded infection-control intensificationBMJ Open20111e000160