Extrahepatic metastasis risk of hepatocellular carcinoma based on α-fetoprotein and tumor staging parameters at cross-sectional imaging

References

• U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group [webpage on the Internet]United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2012 Incidence and Mortality Web-based ReportU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Cancer Institute2015 Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/uscsAccessed September 25, 2017
   Google Scholar
• RyersonABEhemanCRAltekruseSFAnnual report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2012, featuring the increasing incidence of liver cancerCancer201612291312133726959385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BruixJShermanMLlovetJMClinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference. European Association for the Study of the LiverJ Hepatol200135342143011592607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BruixJShermanMAmerican Association for the Study of Liver DiseasesManagement of hepatocellular carcinoma: an updateHepatology20115331020102221374666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-SeragHBMarreroJARudolphLReddyKRDiagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomaGastroenterology200813461752176318471552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PadhyaKTMarreroJASingalAGRecent advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomaCurr Opin Gastroenterol201329328529223507917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AltekruseSFMcGlynnKAReichmanMEHepatocellular carcinoma incidence, mortality, and survival trends in the United States from 1975 to 2005J Clin Oncol20092791485149119224838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NatsuizakaMOmuraTAkaikeTClinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasesJ Gastroenterol Hepatol200520111781178716246200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UchinoKTateishiRShiinaSHepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis: clinical features and prognostic factorsCancer2011117194475448321437884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YooDJKimKMJinYJClinical outcome of 251 patients with extrahepatic metastasis at initial diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: does transarterial chemoembolization improve survival in these patients?J Gastroenterol Hepatol201126114515421175808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KatyalSOliverJH3rdPetersonMSFerrisJVCarrBSBaronRLExtrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinomaRadiology2000216369870310966697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MazzaferroVRegaliaEDociRLiver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosisN Engl J Med1996334116936998594428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchwartzMLiver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinomaGastroenterology20041275 Suppl 1S268S27615508093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SalaMFornerAVarelaMBruixJPrognostic prediction in patients with hepatocellular carcinomaSemin Liver Dis200525217118015918146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChlebowskiRTTongMWeissmanJHepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnostic and prognostic features in North American patientsCancer19845312270127066326991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CalvetXBruixJGinesPPrognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in the west: a multivariate analysis in 206 patientsHepatology1990124 pt 17537602170267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LlovetJMBustamanteJCastellsANatural history of untreated nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma: rationale for the design and evaluation of therapeutic trialsHepatology199929162679862851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiJYanZLGongRYIndependent factors and predictive score for extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma following curative hepatectomyOncologist201217796396922653882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QinLXTangZYThe prognostic significance of clinical and pathological features in hepatocellular carcinomaWorld J Gastroenterol20028219319911925590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiuCXiaoGQYanLNValue of alpha-fetoprotein in association with clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinomaWorld J Gastroenterol201319111811181923555170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FarinatiFMarinoDDe GiorgioMDiagnostic and prognostic role of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma: both or neither?Am J Gastroenterol2006101352453216542289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TangkijvanichPAnukulkarnkusolNSuwangoolPClinical characteristics and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis based on serum alpha-fetoprotein levelsJ Clin Gastroenterol200031430230811129271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NomuraFOhnishiKTanabeYClinical features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with reference to serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Analysis of 606 patientsCancer1989648170017072477133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JunLZhenlinYRenyanGIndependent factors and predictive score for extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma following curative hepatectomyOncologist201217796396922653882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EdgeSBAmerican Joint Committee on CancerAmerican Cancer SocietyAJCC Cancer Staging Handbook: from the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual7th edNew YorkSpringer2010xix718
   Google Scholar
• LlovetJMBruCBruixJPrognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classificationSemin Liver Dis199919332933810518312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A new prognostic system for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 435 patients: the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) investigatorsHepatology19982837517559731568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeungTWTangAMZeeBConstruction of the Chinese University Prognostic Index for hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison with the TNM staging system, the Okuda staging system, and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program staging system: a study based on 926 patientsCancer20029461760176911920539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OkudaKOhtsukiTObataHNatural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis in relation to treatment. Study of 850 patientsCancer19855649189282990661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KudoMChungHHajiSValidation of a new prognostic staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma: the JIS score compared with the CLIP scoreHepatology20044061396140515565571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BruixJShermanMPractice Guidelines CommitteeAmerican Association for the Study of Liver DiseasesManagement of hepatocellular carcinomaHepatology20054251208123616250051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YoppACMokdadAZhuHInfiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: natural history and comparison with multifocal, nodular hepatocellular carcinomaAnn Surg Oncol201522Suppl 3S1075S108226245845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KneuertzPJDemirjianAFiroozmandADiffuse infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment of presentation, treatment, and outcomesAnn Surg Oncol20121992897290722476754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core TeamR: A Language and Environment for Statistical ComputingVienna, AustriaR Foundation for Statistical Computing2016
   Google Scholar
• BenjaminiYHochbergYControlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testingJ R Stat Soc B199557289300
   Google Scholar
• NCCN [webpage on the Internet]NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology2016 [cited August 22, 2016]. Available from: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.aspAccessed September 25, 2017
   Google Scholar
• YoonKTKimJKKimDYRole of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in detecting extrahepatic metastasis in pretreatment staging of hepatocellular carcinomaOncology200772Suppl 110411018087190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChoYLeeDHLeeYBDoes 18F-FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography have a role in initial staging of hepatocellular carcinoma?PLoS One201498e10567925153834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BensonAB3rdAbramsTABen-JosefENCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: hepatobiliary cancersJ Natl Compr Canc Netw20097435039119406039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SingalAGYoppAS SkinnerCPackerMLeeWMTiroJAUtilization of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance among American patients: a systematic reviewJ Gen Intern Med201227786186722215266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SingalAGYoppACGuptaSFailure rates in the hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance processCancer Prev Res (Phila)2012591124113022846843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CollierJShermanMScreening for hepatocellular carcinomaHepatology19982712732789425947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di BisceglieAMSterlingRKChungRTHALT-C Trial GroupSerum alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with advanced hepatitis C: results from the HALT-C trialJ Hepatol200543343444116136646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SterlingRKWrightECMorganTRFrequency of elevated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers in patients with advanced hepatitis CAm J Gastroenterol20121071647421931376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GopalPYoppACWaljeeAKFactors that affect accuracy of alpha-fetoprotein test in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosisClin Gastroenterol Hepatol201412587087724095974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar