The value of the plasma circulating cell-free DNA concentration and integrity index as a clinical tool for prostate cancer diagnosis: a prospective case–control cohort study in an Iranian population

References

• Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 2013;63(1):11–30. doi:10.3322/caac.2116623335087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon PK, Mathur P, Nandakumar A, et al. The burden of cancers and their variations across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:1289–1306. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30447-930219626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini SY, Moharramzadeh M, Ghadian AR, Hooshyar H, Lashay AR, Safarinejad MR. Population‐based screening for prostate cancer by measuring total serum prostate‐specific antigen in Iran. Int J Urol. 2007;14(5):406–411. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01729.x17511722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safarinejad M. Population-based screening for prostate cancer by measuring free and total serum prostate-specific antigen in Iran. Ann Oncol. 2006;17(7):1166–1171. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl08716684791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL. CD Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Catalona WJ, Smith DS, Ratliff TL, et al. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(17):1156–1161. doi:10.1056/NEJM1991042532417021707140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klotz L, Zhang L, Lam A, Nam R, Mamedov A, Loblaw A. Clinical results of long-term follow-up of a large, active surveillance cohort with localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;28(1):126–131. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.24.218019917860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Grubb III RL, et al. Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(13):1310–1319. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa081069619297565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ploussard G, Epstein JI, Montironi R, et al. The contemporary concept of significant versus insignificant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2011;60(2):291–303. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.00621601982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay RR, Zukotynski KA, Werner L, et al. Imaging, procedural and clinical variables associated with tumor yield on bone biopsy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2014;17(4):325–331. doi:10.1038/pcan.2014.2825091040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi Z-H, Xu H-X, Zhang S-R, et al. The significance of liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer. J Cancer. 2018;9(18):3417–3426. doi:10.7150/jca.2459130271504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzenbach H, Hoon DS, Pantel K. Cell-free nucleic acids as biomarkers in cancer patients. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11(6):426–437. doi:10.1038/nrc306621562580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis G, Stein S. Circulating cell-free tumour DNA in the management of cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(12):14122–14142. doi:10.3390/ijms16061412226101870
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stötzer OJ, Lehner J, Fersching-Gierlich D, Nagel D, Holdenrieder S. Diagnostic relevance of plasma DNA and DNA integrity for breast cancer. Tumor Biol. 2014;35(2):1183–1191. doi:10.1007/s13277-013-1158-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allen D, Butt A, Cahill D, Wheeler M, Popert R, Swaminathan R. Role of cell‐free plasma DNA as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1022(1):76–80. doi:10.1196/annals.1318.01315251943
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papadopoulou E, Davilas E, Sotiriou V, et al. Cell-free DNA and RNA in plasma as a new molecular marker for prostate cancer. Oncol Res Feat Preclin Clin Cancer Ther. 2004;14(9):439–445. doi:10.3727/0965040041791473
   Google Scholar
• Feng J, Gang F, Li X, et al. Plasma cell-free DNA and its DNA integrity as biomarker to distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with increased serum prostate-specific antigen. Int Urol Nephrol. 2013;45(4):1023–1028. doi:10.1007/s11255-013-0491-223779229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodega B, Orlando V. Repetitive elements dynamics in cell identity programming, maintenance and disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2014;31:67–73. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2014.09.00225240822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umetani N, Hiramatsu S, Hoon DS. Higher amount of free circulating DNA in serum than in plasma is not mainly caused by contaminated extraneous DNA during separation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1075(1):299–307. doi:10.1196/annals.1368.04017108224
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khani M, Pouresmaeili F, Mirfakhraie R. Evaluation of extracted circulating cell free DNA concentration by Standard Nucleospin Plasma XS (NS) kit protocol compared to its modified protocol. Urol Nephrol Open Access. 2017;4(4):00137.
   Google Scholar
• Fawzy A, Sweify KM, El-Fayoumy HM, Nofal N. Quantitative analysis of plasma cell-free DNA and its DNA integrity in patients with metastatic prostate cancer using ALU sequence. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2016;28(4):235–242. doi:10.1016/j.jnci.2016.08.00327634416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi J-J, Reich III CF, Pisetsky DS. The role of macrophages in the in vitro generation of extracellular DNA from apoptotic and necrotic cells. Immunology. 2005;115(1):55–62. doi:10.1111/imm.2005.115.issue-115819697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzenbach H, Alix-Panabières C, Müller I, et al. Cell-free tumor DNA in blood plasma as a marker for circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(3):1032–1038. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-191019188176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorenson GD, Pribish DM, Valone FH, Memoli VA, Bzik DJ, Yao S-L. Soluble normal and mutated DNA sequences from single-copy genes in human blood. Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomarkers. 1994;3(1):67–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasioukhin V, Anker P, Maurice P, Lyautey J, Lederrey C, Stroun M. Point mutations of the N‐ras gene in the blood plasma DNA of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 1994;86(4):774–779.7918071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhamme K, Dieleman J, Bleumink G, Van der Lei J, Sturkenboom M, Panel TPEE. Incidence and prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in primary care—the Triumph project. Eur Urol. 2002;42(4):323–328. doi:10.1016/S0302-2838(02)00354-812361895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howlader N. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975–2008. 2011 Available from: http://seercancergov/csr/1975_2008/. Accessed October 11, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Swanson GP, Yu C, Kattan MW, Hermans MR. Validation of postoperative nomograms in prostate cancer patients with long-term follow-up. Urology. 2011;78(1):105–109. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2011.01.06121507467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedland SJ. Screening, risk assessment, and the approach to therapy in patients with prostate cancer. Cancer. 2011;117(6):1123–1135. doi:10.1002/cncr.2547720960523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang R, Kirby R, Challacombe B. Is there a link between BPH and prostate cancer? Practitioner. 2012;256(1750):13–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yin C, Luo C, Hu W, Ding X, Yuan C, Wang F. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of circulating cell-free DNA can be used as an adjuvant tool for prostate cancer screening: a meta-analysis. Dis Markers. 2016;2016:1–12. doi:10.1155/2016/3825819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun FKH, Mueller I, Lange I, et al. Circulating tumour‐associated plasma DNA represents an independent and informative predictor of prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2006;98(3):544–548. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06352.x16925751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trotz C. Prostate cancer with a normal PSA: small cell carcinoma of the prostate – a rare entity. J Am Board Family Pract. 2003;16(4):343–344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishio R, Furuya Y, Nagakawa O, Fuse H. Metastatic prostate cancer with normal level of serum prostate-specific antigen. Int Urol Nephrol. 2003;35(2):189–192.15072491
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vickers AJ, Cronin AM, Roobol MJ, et al. The relationship between prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer risk: the Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(17):4374–4381. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar