Risk Factors and Prediction Model for Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Children and Adolescents

References

• Tracy ET, Roman SA. Current management of pediatric thyroid disease and differentiated thyroid cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 2016;28(1):37–42. doi:10.1097/CCO.000000000000025026575691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis GL, Waguespack SG, Bauer AJ, et al. Management guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2015;25(7):716–759. doi:10.1089/thy.2014.046025900731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzepina D. Surgical and pathological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer in children and adolescents. Int J Pediatr. 2012;2012:125389. doi:10.1155/2012/12538922164182
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ngo DQ, Ngo QX, Van Le Q. Pediatric thyroid cancer: risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in patients with cN0 papillary carcinoma. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;133:110000. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.11000032200312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fridman M, Krasko O, Lam AK. Optimizing treatment for children and adolescents with papillary thyroid carcinoma in post-Chernobyl exposed region: the roles of lymph node dissections in the central and lateral neck compartments. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018;44(6):733–743. doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2017.12.00429397264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinmesser R, Lubin E, Segal K, Noyek A. Carcinoma of the thyroid in children–a review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1997;10(6):561–568. doi:10.1515/jpem.1997.10.6.5619467125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugino K, Nagahama M, Kitagawa W, et al. Risk stratification of pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: is total thyroidectomy necessary for patients at any risk? Thyroid. 2020;30(4):548–556. doi:10.1089/thy.2019.023131910105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byeon HK, Kim SB, Oh HS, et al. Clinical analysis of pediatric thyroid cancer: a single medical institution experience of 18 years. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2019;128(12):1152–1157. doi:10.1177/000348941986825131375033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon MJ, Kim YN, Sung TY, et al. Practical initial risk stratification based on lymph node metastases in pediatric and adolescent differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2018;28(2):193–200. doi:10.1089/thy.2017.021429179646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapuppo G, Palermo F, Russo M, et al. Latero-cervical lymph node metastases (N1b) represent an additional risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer outcome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(12):1355–1363. doi:10.1007/s40618-017-0714-y28646475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung TY, Jeon MJ, Lee YH, et al. Initial and dynamic risk stratification of pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(3):793–800. doi:10.1210/jc.2016-266627809646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinelli C, Tognetti F, Strambi S, Morganti R, Massimino M, Collini P. Cervical lymph node metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma, in the central and lateral compartments, in children and adolescents: predictive factors. World J Surg. 2018;42(8):2444–2453. doi:10.1007/s00268-018-4487-z29383423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinstein JC, Herrick-Reynolds K, Dinauer C, et al. Recurrence and complications in pediatric and adolescent papillary thyroid cancer in a high-volume practice. J Surg Res. 2020;249:58–66. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2019.12.00231923715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palaniappan R, Krishnamurthy A, Rajaraman SS, Kumar RK. Management outcomes of pediatric and adolescent papillary thyroid cancers with a brief review of literature. Indian J Cancer. 2018;55(1):105–110. doi:10.4103/ijc.IJC_486_1730147104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito Y, Tomoda C, Uruno T, et al. Ultrasonographically and anatomopathologically detectable node metastases in the lateral compartment as indicators of worse relapse-free survival in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg. 2005;29(7):917–920. doi:10.1007/s00268-005-7789-x15951927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dou Y, Chen Y, Hu D, Xiong W, Xiao Q, Su X. Development and validation of web-based nomograms for predicting lateral lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Gland Surg. 2020;9(2):172–182. doi:10.21037/gs.2020.01.1132420240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinstein JC, Dinauer C, Herrick-Reynolds K, Morotti R, Callender GG, Christison-Lagay ER. Lymph node ratio predicts recurrence in pediatric papillary thyroid cancer. J Pediatr Surg. 2019;54(1):129–132. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.10.01030361076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Gao C, Li H, Liang W, Zeng Q, Chen B. Isthmic papillary thyroid carcinoma presents a unique pattern of central lymph node metastasis. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:3643–3650. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S25269232547201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng LSJ, Han B, Lv B, et al. Predicting factors for central or lateral lymph node metastasis in conventional papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Am J Surg. 2019. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.11.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Management guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Pediatrics. 2018;142(6). doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3063
   Google Scholar
• Jeon YW, Ahn YE, Chung WS, Choi HJ, Suh YJ. Radioactive iodine treatment for node negative papillary thyroid cancer with capsular invasion only: results of a large retrospective study. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2016;12(1):e167–73. doi:10.1111/ajco.1215924289279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mete O, Rotstein L, Asa SL. Controversies in thyroid pathology: thyroid capsule invasion and extrathyroidal extension. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(2):386–391. doi:10.1245/s10434-009-0832-719949881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• So YK, Kim MJ, Kim S, Son YI. Lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis for prevalence, risk factors, and location. Int J Surg. 2018;50:94–103. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.12.02929329789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan S, Luo D, Ge W, Zhang B, Wang T. Clinicopathological predictors of occult lateral neck lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Head Neck. 2019;41(7):2441–2449. doi:10.1002/hed.2576230938923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Sun Z, Adam MA, et al. Predictors of nodal metastasis in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer. J Pediatr Surg. 2017;52(1):120–123. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.03327836371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi RL, Qu N, Yang SW, et al. Tumor size interpretation for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis using a differentiated thyroid cancer risk model. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:5015–5022. doi:10.2147/OTT.S10718727574443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng JW, Qu Z, Qin AC, Pan H, Ye J, Jiang Y. Significance of multifocality in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020;46(10):1820–1828. doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2020.06.01532732090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogan AR, Zhuge Y, Perez EA, Koniaris LG, Lew JI, Sola JE. Pediatric thyroid carcinoma: incidence and outcomes in 1753 patients. J Surg Res. 2009;156(1):167–172. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.09819631341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SK, Park I, Woo JW, et al. Follicular and diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid carcinomas as independent predictive factors of loco-regional recurrence: a comparison study using propensity score matching. Thyroid. 2016;26(8):1077–1084. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.011327324748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sezer A, Celik M, Yilmaz Bulbul B, et al. Relationship between lymphovascular invasion and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2017;17(2):144–151. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2017.192428284178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JW, Roh JL, Gong G, et al. Extent of extrathyroidal extension as a significant predictor of nodal metastasis and extranodal extension in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(2):460–468. doi:10.1245/s10434-016-5594-427654105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Oh C, Heo JH, et al. Clinical significance of extrathyroidal extension according to primary tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018;44(11):1754–1759. doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2018.05.00929934055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Zheng K, Zhang H, et al. The clinicopathologic differences of central lymph node metastasis in predicting lateral lymph node metastasis and prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer associated with or without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Tumour Biol. 2016;37(6):8037–8045. doi:10.1007/s13277-015-4706-226711787
   PubMedGoogle Scholar