The Prognostic Significance of Sarcopenia and the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Elderly Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.2149230207593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peery AF, Crockett SD, Barritt AS, et al. Burden of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(7):1731–1741 e1733. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.08.04526327134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariette C, De Botton ML, Piessen G. Surgery in esophageal and gastric cancer patients: what is the role for nutrition support in your daily practice? Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(7):2128–2134. doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2225-622322948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouillanne O, Morineau G, Dupont C, et al. Geriatric nutritional risk index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(4):777–783. doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.4.77716210706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onodera T, Goseki N, Kosaki G. [Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients]. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1984;85(9):1001–1005. Japanese.6438478
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing. 2010;39(4):412–423. doi:10.1093/ageing/afq03420392703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallengren O, Iresjo BM, Lundholm K, Bosaeus I. Loss of muscle mass in the end of life in patients with advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(1):79–86. doi:10.1007/s00520-014-2332-y24975045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shachar SS, Williams GR, Muss HB, Nishijima TF. Prognostic value of sarcopenia in adults with solid tumours: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur J Cancer. 2016;57:58–67. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.12.03026882087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Lieffers JR, Reiman T, McCargar LJ, Baracos VE. A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008;33(5):997–1006. doi:10.1139/H08-07518923576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templeton AJ, McNamara MG, Seruga B, et al. Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(6):dju124. doi:10.1093/jnci/dju12424875653
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balkwill F, Mantovani A. Cancer and inflammation: implications for pharmacology and therapeutics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;87(4):401–406. doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.31220200512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng L, Zou K, Yang C, Chen F, Guo T, Xiong B. Inflammation-based indexes and clinicopathologic features are strong predictive values of preoperative circulating tumor cell detection in gastric cancer patients. Clin Transl Oncol. 2017;19(9):1125–1132. doi:10.1007/s12094-017-1649-728315180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozkaya Y, Kurt B, Gurler F. A prognostic parameter in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the ratio of hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width. Int J Clin Oncol. 2019;24(7):798–806. doi:10.1007/s10147-019-01417-x30783810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Li Y, Chen P, Xu W, Wu Y, Che G. Prognostic value of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(18):433. doi:10.21037/atm.2019.08.11631700869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toda M, Tsukioka T, Izumi N, et al. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Thorac Cancer. 2018;9(1):112–119. doi:10.1111/1759-7714.1254729105365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe K, Yasumoto A, Amano Y, et al. Mean platelet volume and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio are associated with shorter progression-free survival in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma treated by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203625. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.020362530192878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh SR, Cook EJ, Goulder F, Justin TA, Keeling NJ. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2005;91(3):181–184. doi:10.1002/jso.2032916118772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onishi S, Tajika M, Tanaka T, et al. Prognostic significance of sarcopenia in patients with unresectable advanced esophageal cancer. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1647. doi:10.3390/jcm8101647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ, et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(7):629–635. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70153-018539529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg IH. Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance. J Nutr. 1997;127(5 Suppl):990S–991S. doi:10.1093/jn/127.5.990S9164280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grun J, Elfinger L, Le H, et al. The influence of pretherapeutic and preoperative sarcopenia on short-term outcome after esophagectomy. Cancers. 2020;12(11):3409. doi:10.3390/cancers12113409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onishi S, Tajika M, Tanaka T, et al. Prognostic impact of sarcopenic obesity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Med. 2020;9(9):2974. doi:10.3390/jcm9092974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada K, Ida S, Baba Y, et al. Prognostic and clinical impact of sarcopenia in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus. 2016;29(6):627–633. doi:10.1111/dote.1238126123787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishigori T, Okabe H, Tanaka E, Tsunoda S, Hisamori S, Sakai Y. Sarcopenia as a predictor of pulmonary complications after esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2016;113(6):678–684. doi:10.1002/jso.2421426936808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashima Y, Saeki H, Nakanishi R, et al. Assessment of sarcopenia as a predictor of poor outcomes after esophagectomy in elderly patients with esophageal cancer. Ann Surg. 2018;267(6):1100–1104. doi:10.1097/SLA.000000000000225228437312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner D, DeMarco MM, Amini N, et al. Role of frailty and sarcopenia in predicting outcomes among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2016;8(1):27–40. doi:10.4240/wjgs.v8.i1.2726843911
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jordan T, Mastnak DM, Palamar N, Kozjek NR. Nutritional therapy for patients with esophageal cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2018;70(1):23–29. doi:10.1080/01635581.2017.137441729016197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo N, Sakurai K, Tamura T, et al. The impact of geriatric nutritional risk index on surgical outcomes after esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. Esophagus. 2019;16(2):147–154. doi:10.1007/s10388-018-0644-630311102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migita K, Matsumoto S, Wakatsuki K, et al. The prognostic significance of the geriatric nutritional risk index in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nutr Cancer. 2018;70(8):1237–1245. doi:10.1080/01635581.2018.151264030235009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okadome K, Baba Y, Yagi T, et al. Prognostic nutritional index, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Ann Surg. 2020;271(4):693–700. doi:10.1097/SLA.000000000000298530308614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dos Santos L, Cyrino ES, Antunes M, Santos DA, Sardinha LB. Sarcopenia and physical independence in older adults: the independent and synergic role of muscle mass and muscle function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(2):245–250. doi:10.1002/jcsm.1216027897417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaap LA, van Schoor NM, Lips P, Visser M. Associations of sarcopenia definitions, and their components, with the incidence of recurrent falling and fractures: the longitudinal aging study amsterdam. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018;73(9):1199–1204. doi:10.1093/gerona/glx24529300839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn LS. Interleukin-15: a muscle-derived cytokine regulating fat-to-lean body composition. J Anim Sci. 2008;86(14 Suppl):E75–83. doi:10.2527/jas.2007-045817709786
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lutz CT, Quinn LS. Sarcopenia, obesity, and natural killer cell immune senescence in aging: altered cytokine levels as a common mechanism. Aging (Albany NY). 2012;4(8):535–546. doi:10.18632/aging.10048222935594
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin JX, Lin JP, Xie JW, et al. Prognostic value and association of sarcopenia and systemic inflammation for patients with gastric cancer following radical gastrectomy. Oncologist. 2019;24(11):e1091–e1101. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2018-065130910865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. Sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia: a cross talk between age-associated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation as a main mechanism of the pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;35:200–221.27702700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feliciano EMC, Kroenke CH, Meyerhardt JA, et al. Association of systemic inflammation and sarcopenia with survival in nonmetastatic colorectal cancer: results from the C SCANS Study. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(12):e172319. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.231928796857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon KC, Glass DJ, Guttridge DC. Cancer cachexia: mediators, signaling, and metabolic pathways. Cell Metab. 2012;16(2):153–166. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.06.01122795476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar