Nomogram to Predict Distant Metastasis Probability for Pathological Complete Response Rectal Cancer Patients After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

References

• De Felice F, Benevento I, Magnante AL, et al. Clinical benefit of adding oxaliplatin to standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a meta-analysis: oxaliplatin in neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2017;17(1):325. doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3323-428499428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giunta EF, Bregni G, Pretta A, et al. Total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: making sense of the results from the RAPIDO and PRODIGE 23 trials. Cancer Treat Rev. 2021;96:102177. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.10217733798955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas M, Nelemans PJ, Valentini V, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with a pathological complete response after chemoradiation for rectal cancer: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(9):835–844. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70172-820692872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorcolo L, Rosman AS, Restivo A, et al. Complete pathologic response after combined modality treatment for rectal cancer and long-term survival: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(9):2822–2832. doi:10.1245/s10434-011-2209-y22434243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan WH, Xiao J, An X, et al. Patterns of recurrence in patients achieving pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2017;143(8):1461–1467. doi:10.1007/s00432-017-2383-928386648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahab D, Gabriel E, Attwood K, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved overall survival in locally advanced rectal cancer after achievement of a pathologic complete response to chemoradiation. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2017;16(4):300–307. doi:10.1016/j.clcc.2017.03.00528420585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Wu X, Zhang Y, et al. Pathological complete response may underestimate distant metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery: incidence, metastatic pattern, and risk factors. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2019;45(7):1225–1231. doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2019.03.00530879932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma B, Ren Y, Chen Y, et al. Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary for locally advanced rectal cancer patients with pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019;34(1):113–121. doi:10.1007/s00384-018-3181-930368569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris MC, Winer LK, Lee TC, Shah SA, Rafferty JF, Paquette IM. Omission of adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer patients with pathologic complete response: a national analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2020;1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, et al. Rectal cancer, Version 2.2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018;16(7):874–901. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2018.006130006429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glynne-Jones R, Wyrwicz L, Tiret E, et al. Rectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(Suppl 4):iv263. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy16129741565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dossa F, Acuna SA, Rickles AS, et al. Association between adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival in patients with rectal cancer and pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection. JAMA oncol. 2018;4(7):930–937. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.559729710274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polanco PM, Mokdad AA, Zhu H, Choti MA, Huerta S. Association of adjuvant chemotherapy with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer and pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection. JAMA oncol. 2018;4(7):938–943. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.023129710272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He F, Ju HQ, Ding Y, et al. Association between adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in patients with rectal cancer and pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and resection. Br J Cancer. 2020;123(8):1244–1252. doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0989-132724220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellman S, Weichselbaum RR. Oligometastases. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(1):8–10. doi:10.1200/JCO.1995.13.1.87799047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauerbrei W, Royston P, Binder H. Selection of important variables and determination of functional form for continuous predictors in multivariable model building. Stat Med. 2007;26(30):5512–5528. doi:10.1002/sim.314818058845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camp RL, Dolled-Filhart M, Rimm DL. X-tile: a new bio-informatics tool for biomarker assessment and outcome-based cut-point optimization. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(21):7252–7259. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-071315534099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell FE Jr., Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med. 1996;15(4):361–387. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-48668867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Jiang T, Xiao L, et al. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) versus standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. oncologist. 2021. doi:10.1002/onco.13824
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habr-Gama A, São Julião GP, Gama-Rodrigues J, et al. Baseline T classification predicts early tumor regrowth after nonoperative management in distal rectal cancer after extended neoadjuvant chemoradiation and initial complete clinical response. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017;60(6):586–594. doi:10.1097/DCR.000000000000083028481852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauer R, Liersch T, Merkel S, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized Phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(16):1926–1933. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.40.183622529255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Goding sauer A, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(3):145–164. doi:10.3322/caac.2160132133645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou CL, Chang SC, Lin TC, et al. Differences in clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer between younger and elderly patients: an analysis of 322 patients from a single institution. Am J Surg. 2011;202(5):574–582. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.10.01421872205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du CZ, Zhang JS, Li M, et al. [Comparison of pathologic and clinical characteristics of young and old patients with advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant radiotherapy]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2010;48(21):1616–1620. [Indonesian]21211254
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jin X, Demere Z, Nair K, et al. A metastasis map of human cancer cell lines. Nature. 2020;588(7837):331–336. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2969-233299191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird NC, Mangnall D, Majeed AW. Biology of colorectal liver metastases: a review. J Surg Oncol. 2006;94(1):68–80. doi:10.1002/jso.2055816788948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim CW, Yu CS, Yang SS, et al. Clinical significance of pre- to post-chemoradiotherapy s-CEA reduction ratio in rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and curative resection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(12):3271–3277. doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1740-121537868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das P, Skibber JM, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, et al. Predictors of tumor response and downstaging in patients who receive preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer. Cancer. 2007;109(9):1750–1755. doi:10.1002/cncr.2262517387743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang JW, Cai Y, Xie XY, et al. Nomogram for predicting pathological complete response and tumor downstaging in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer on the basis of a randomized clinical trial. Gastroenterol Rep. 2020;8(3):234–241. doi:10.1093/gastro/goz073
   Google Scholar
• Hu X, Li YQ, Ma XJ, Zhang L, Cai SJ, Peng JJ. Adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with complete pathological response (pCR) may not be necessary: a pooled analysis of 5491 patients. Cancer Cell Int. 2019;19(1):127. doi:10.1186/s12935-019-0851-931114447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamaleldin M, Church JM, Stocchi L, Kalady M, Liska D, Gorgun E. Is routine use of adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with complete pathological response justified? Am J Surg. 2017;213(3):478–483. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.11.02827939008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glynne-Jones R, Wyrwicz L, Tiret E, et al. Rectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(suppl_4):iv22–iv40. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx22428881920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar