76
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Feasibility and Tolerability of Lenvatinib, Plus PD-1 Blockades for Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Exploratory Study

, , &
Pages 2625-2638 | Published online: 27 Nov 2023

References

  • Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492
  • Cao W, Chen HD, Yu YW, Li N, Chen WQ. Changing profiles of cancer burden worldwide and in China: a secondary analysis of the global cancer statistics 2020. Chin Med J. 2021;134(7):783–791. doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000001474
  • Grandhi MS, Kim AK, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: from diagnosis to treatment. Surg Oncol. 2016;25(2):74–85. doi:10.1016/j.suronc.2016.03.002
  • Xu XF, Xing H, Han J, et al. Risk factors, patterns, and outcomes of late recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study from China. JAMA Surg. 2019;154(3):209–217. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2018.4334
  • Wang H, Lu Z, Zhao X. Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer. J Hematol Oncol. 2019;12(1):133. doi:10.1186/s13045-019-0806-6
  • Huang A, Yang XR, Chung WY, Dennison AR, Zhou J. Targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):146. doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00264-x
  • Cheng AL, Kang YK, Chen Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10(1):25–34. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70285-7
  • Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S, et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised Phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10126):1163–1173. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30207-1
  • Qin S, Bi F, Gu S, et al. Donafenib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled Phase II-III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(27):3002–3011. doi:10.1200/jco.21.00163
  • Liu JKH, Irvine AF, Jones RL, Samson A. Immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med. 2022;11(3):571–591. doi:10.1002/cam4.4468
  • Qin S, Ren Z, Meng Z, et al. Camrelizumab in patients with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, Phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(4):571–580. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30011-5
  • Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Gadaleta-Caldarola G, Brandi G. First-line immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: current management and future challenges. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;15(11):1245–1251. doi:10.1080/17474124.2021.1973431
  • Song Y, Fu Y, Xie Q, et al. Anti-angiogenic agents in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1956. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01956
  • Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1894–1905. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915745
  • Finn RS, Ikeda M, Zhu AX, et al. Phase Ib study of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(26):2960–2970. doi:10.1200/jco.20.00808
  • Rizzo A, Ricci AD. PD-L1, TMB, and other potential predictors of response to immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: how can they assist drug clinical trials? Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2022;31(4):415–423. doi:10.1080/13543784.2021.1972969
  • Han K, Kim JH. Transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging system. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(36):10327–10335. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i36.10327
  • Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(2):228–247. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026
  • Lencioni R, Llovet JM. Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2010;30(1):52–60. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1247132
  • Song PF, Xu N, Li Q. Efficacy and Safety of anlotinib for elderly patients with previously treated extensive-stage SCLC and the prognostic significance of common adverse reactions. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:11133–11143. doi:10.2147/cmar.s275624
  • Galle PR, Dufour JF, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Trojan J, Vogel A. Systemic therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol. 2021;17(10):1237–1251. doi:10.2217/fon-2020-0758
  • Ikeda K, Kudo M, Kawazoe S, et al. Phase 2 study of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(4):512–519. doi:10.1007/s00535-016-1263-4
  • Yamashita T, Kudo M, Ikeda K, et al. REFLECT-A phase 3 trial comparing efficacy and safety of lenvatinib to sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of Japanese subset. J Gastroenterol. 2020;55(1):113–122. doi:10.1007/s00535-019-01642-1
  • Hao YY, Qiao YP, Cheng JD. Clinical activity and safety of anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockades for patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:10483–10493. doi:10.2147/ijgm.s337316
  • Wang DX, Yang X, Lin JZ, et al. Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective, real-world study conducted in China. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(30):4465–4478. doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i30.4465
  • Sun X, Zhang Q, Mei J, et al. Real-world efficiency of lenvatinib plus PD-1 blockades in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: an exploration for expanded indications. BMC Cancer. 2022;22(1):293. doi:10.1186/s12885-022-09405-7
  • Chuma M, Uojima H, Hiraoka A, et al. Analysis of efficacy of lenvatinib treatment in highly advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the main trunk of the portal vein or tumor with more than 50% liver occupation: a multicenter analysis. Hepatol Res. 2021;51(2):201–215. doi:10.1111/hepr.13592
  • Huang X, Xu L, Ma T, et al. Lenvatinib plus immune checkpoint inhibitors improve survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study. Front Oncol. 2021;11(751159). doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.751159
  • Lotfinejad P, Kazemi T, Mokhtarzadeh A, et al. PD-1/PD-L1 axis importance and tumor microenvironment immune cells. Life Sci. 2020;259:118297. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118297
  • Kimura T, Kato Y, Ozawa Y, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of lenvatinib contributes to antitumor activity in the Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma model. Cancer Sci. 2018;109(12):3993–4002. doi:10.1111/cas.13806
  • Zhu Y, Sun P, Wang K, et al. Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib monotreatment and lenvatinib-based combination therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective, real-world study in China. Cancer Cell Int. 2021;21(1):503. doi:10.1186/s12935-021-02200-7
  • Uchino K, Tateishi R, Shiina S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis: clinical features and prognostic factors. Cancer. 2011;117(19):4475–4483. doi:10.1002/cncr.25960
  • Ma WJ, Wang HY, Teng LS. Correlation analysis of preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. World J Surg Oncol. 2013;11(212). doi:10.1186/1477-7819-11-212
  • Jia L, Gao Y, He Y, Hooper JD, Yang P. HBV induced hepatocellular carcinoma and related potential immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res. 2020;159:104992. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104992
  • Wu JY, Yin ZY, Bai YN, et al. Lenvatinib combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2021;8:1233–1240. doi:10.2147/jhc.s332420
  • Finn RS, Ryoo BY, Merle P, et al. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in KEYNOTE-240: a randomized, double-blind, phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(3):193–202. doi:10.1200/jco.19.01307
  • Kang YK, Boku N, Satoh T, et al. Nivolumab in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer refractory to, or intolerant of, at least two previous chemotherapy regimens (ONO-4538-12, ATTRACTION-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10111):2461–2471. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31827-5
  • Wang F, Qin S, Sun X, et al. Reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with camrelizumab: data derived from a multicenter phase 2 trial. J Hematol Oncol. 2020;13(1):47. doi:10.1186/s13045-020-00886-2