Six-month gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist depots provide efficacy, safety, convenience, and comfort

References

• Prostate Cancer FoundationReport to the Nation on Prostate Cancer 2004 Available at: http://www.medscape.org/viewcollection/30050. Accessed January 6, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• CrawfordEDSartorOChuFPerezRKarlinGGarrettJSA 12-month clinical study of LA-2585 (45.0 mg): a new 6-month subcutaneous delivery system for leuprolide acetate for the treatment of prostate cancerJ Urol200617553353616406989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PalmbergCKoivistoPVisakorpiTTammelaTPSA decline is an independent prognostic marker in hormonally treated prostate cancerEur Urol19993619119610450001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CoxMCScriptureCDFiggWDLeuprolide acetate given by a subcutaneous extended-release injection: less of a pain?Expert Rev Anticancer Ther2005560561116111462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SharifiRBruskewitzRCGittlemanMCGrahamSDJrHudsonPBSteinBLeuprolide acetate 22.5 mg 12-week depot formulation in the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancerClin Ther1996186476578879893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LundströmEARenckenRKvan WykJHTriptorelin 6-month formulation in the management of patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: an open-label, non-comparative, multicentre, phase III studyClin Drug Investig200929757765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HugginsCHodgesCStudies on prostate cancer: the effect of castration, estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostateCancer Res19411293297
   Google Scholar
• SethiRSanfilippoNSix-month depot formulation of leuprorelin acetate in the treatment of prostate cancerClin Interv Aging2009425926719554097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AmoFHComparative analysis of six months formulation of LHRH analogues for prostate cancer treatmentArch Esp Urol20106327528120508303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SchallyAVArimuraABabaYIsolation and properties of the FSH and LH-releasing hormoneBiochem Biophys Res Commun1971433933994930860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FujinoMFukudaTShinagawaSKobayashiSYamazakiISynthetic analogs of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) substituted in position 6 and 10Biochem Biophys Res Commun1974604064134608231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MonahanMWAmossMSAndersonHAValeWSynthetic analogs of the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor with increased agonist or antagonist propertiesBiochemistry197312461646204589943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChrispPSorkinEMLeuprorelin: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in prostatic disordersDrugs Aging199114875091794035
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AndersonJAbrahamssonPACrawfordDMillerKTombalBjavascript: AL_get(this, ‘jour’, ‘BJU Int.’); Management of advanced prostate cancer: can we improve on androgen deprivation therapy?BJU Int2008101149750118336613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MillarRPTroskieBEFlanaganCAComparative receptor binding affinity and inositol phosphate production potency of D-Leu6 and D-Trp6 GnRH agonists on COS-1 cells transfected with the human GnRH receptorXIII International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology1997559562
   Google Scholar
• MillerKAndersonJAbrahamssonP-ATreatment of prostate cancer with hormonal therapy in EuropeBJU Int2009103Suppl 22619228146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Comprehensive Cancer NetworkNCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prostate cancer v.22009 Available at: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate.pdf. Accessed December 9, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• LahlouN[Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of triptorelin]Ann Urol (Paris)200539Suppl 37884 French.
   Google Scholar
• CoyDHVilchez-MartinezJACoyEJAnalogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone with increased biological activity produced by D-amino acid substitutions in position 6J Med Chem1976194234251255667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarronJLMillerRPSearleDMetabolic clearance and plasma half-disappearance time of D-TRP6 and exogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormoneJ Clin Endocrinol Metab198254116911736210706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MüllerFOTerblanchèJSchallRPharmacokinetics of triptorelin after intravenous bolus administration in healthy males and in males with renal or hepatic insufficiencyBr J Clin Pharmacol1997443353419354307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SennelloLTFinleyRAChuSYSingle-dose pharmacokinetics of leuprolide in humans following intravenous and subcutaneous administrationJ Pharm Sci1986751581603083092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PeritiPMazzeiTMiniEClinical pharmacokinetics of depot leuprorelinClin Pharmacokinet20024148550412083977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeMBrownellerRWuZJungARatanawongCSharifiRTherapeutic effects of leuprorelin microspheres in prostate cancerAdv Drug Deliv Rev19972812113810837568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AkazaHUsamiMKoisoKKotakeTAsoYNiijimaTLong-term clinical study on luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonist depot formulation in the treatment of stage D prostatic cancer. The TAP-144-SR Study GroupJpn J Clin Oncol1992221771841518166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FowlerJEFlanaganMGleasonDMKlimbergIWGottesmanJESharifiREvaluation of an implant that delivers leuprolide for 1 year for the palliative treatment of prostate cancerUrology20005563964210792069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FowlerJEJrGottesmanJEReidCFAndrioleGLJrSolowayMSSafety and efficacy of an implantable leuprolide delivery system in patients with advanced prostate cancerJ Urol20001643 Pt 173073410953135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OefeleinMGFengAScolieriMJRicchiuttiDResnickMIReassessment of the definition of castrate levels of testosterone: implications for clinical decision makingUrology2000561021102411113751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoroteJOrsolaAPlanasJTrillaERaventósCXCecchiniLCatalánRRedefining clinically significant castration levels in patients with prostate cancer receiving continuous androgen deprivation therapyJ Urol20071784 Pt 11290129517698136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TunnUWBargelloniUCoscianiSFiaccaventoGGuazzieriSPaganoFComparison of LH-RH analogue 1-month depot and 3-month depot by their hormone levels and pharmacokinetic profile in patients with advanced prostate cancerUrol Int199860Suppl 1916 discussion 16–17.9563139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SharifiRKnollLDSmithJKramolowskyELeuprolide acetate (30-mg depot every four months) in the treatment of advanced prostate cancerUrology1998512712769495710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-MarrenoRChuFMGleasonDLoizidesEWachsBTylerRCA six-month, open-label study assessing a new formulation of leuprolide 7.5 mg for suppression of testosterone in patients with prostate cancerClin Ther2002241902191412501882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChuFMJaysonMDineenMKPerezRHarkawayRTylerRCA clinical study of 22.5 mg. La-2550: a new subcutaneous depot delivery system for leuprolide acetate for the treatment of prostate cancerJ Urol20021681199120312187267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SartorODineenMKPerez-MarrenoRChuFMCarronGJTylerRCAn eight-month clinical study of LA-2575 30.0 mg: a new 4-month, subcutaneous delivery system for leuprolide acetate in the treatment of prostate cancerUrology20036231932312893343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarbergerMKaisaryAVShoreNDEffectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a new sustained-release leuprolide acetate 3.75-mg depot formulation for testosterone suppression in patients with prostate cancer: a Phase III, open-label, international multicenter studyClin Ther20103274475720435244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinical study report. Comparative testosterone pharmacodynamics and therapeutic efficacy of 1- and 3-month formulations of triptorelin pamoate in patients with advanced prostate cancer. DEB-96-TR1-01 (first phase)Lausanne, SwitzerlandDebiopharm SA1999
   Google Scholar
• MoroteJEsquenaSAbascalJMFailure to maintain a suppressed level of serum testosterone during long-acting depot luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancerUrol Int20067713513816888418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SarosdyMFSchellhammerPFSolowayMSEndocrine effects, efficacy and tolerability of a 10.8-mg depot formulation of goserelin acetate administered every 13 weeks to patients with advanced prostate cancerBJU Int19998380180610368200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OefeleinMGCornumRFailure to achieve castrate levels of testosterone during luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist therapy: the case for monitoring serum testosterone and a treatment decision algorithmJ Urol20001643 Pt 172672910953134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WechselHWZerbibMPaganoFCoptcoatMJRandomized open labelled comparative study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of leuprorelin acetate 1M and 3M depot in patients with advanced prostatic cancerEur Urol199630Suppl 17148977984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JochamDLeuprorelin 3-month depot in the treatment of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: long-term follow-up resultsUrol Int.199860Suppl 21824 discussion 35.9607554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ThompsonIMFlare Associated with LHRH-Agonist TherapyRev Urol20013Suppl 3S10S1416986003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BubleyGJIs the flare phenomenon clinically significant?Urology2001582 Suppl 15911502435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eligard 225 mg: leuprolide acetate for injectable suspension [package insert]. Sanofi-aventis; 2004
   Google Scholar
• Eligard 30 mg: leuprolide acetate for injectable suspension [package insert]. Sanofi-aventis; 2004
   Google Scholar
• SharifiRBrownellerRLeuprolide Study GroupSerum testosterone suppression and potential for agonistic stimulation during chronic treatment with monthly and 3-month depot formulations of leuprolide acetate for advanced prostate cancerJ Urol20021681001100412187208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KhanMSO’BrienAAn evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of leuprorelin acetate 3M-depot in patients with advanced and metastatic carcinoma of the prostateUrol Int19986033409519419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FontanaDMariMMartinelliA3-month formulation of goserelin acetate (‘Zoladex’ 10.8-mg depot) in advanced prostate cancer: results from an Italian, open, multicenter trialUrol Int20037031632012740498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HorwichAParkerCKatajaVProstate cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-upAnn Oncol200819Suppl 24546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health and Clinical ExcellenceProstate cancer: diagnosis and treatment Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/11924/39687/39687.pdf. Accessed January 7, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• MorettiRMMonagnani MarelliMvan GroeninghenJCMottaMLimontaPInhibitory activity of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on tumor growth and progressionEndocr Relat Cancer20031016116712790778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’AmicoAVManolaJLoffredoMRenshawAADella CroceAKantoffPW6-month androgen suppression plus radiation therapy vs radiation therapy alone for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trialJAMA200429282182715315996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GleaveMEGoldenbergSLChinJLRandomized comparative study of 3 versus 8-month neoadjuvant hormonal therapy before radical prostatectomy: biochemical and pathological effectsJ Urol20011665005006 discussion 506–507.11458055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithMRAndrogen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: new concepts and concernsCurr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes20071424725417940447
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De JongIJEatonABladouFLHRH agonists in prostate cancer: frequency of treatment, serum testosterone measurement and castrate level: consensus opinion from a roundtable discussionCurr Med Res Opin2007231077108017519074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WaxmanJHWassJAHendryWFTreatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue in advanced prostatic cancerBr Med J (Clin Res Ed)198328613091312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McleodDGHormonal therapy: historical perspective to future directionsUrology2003612 Suppl 13712667881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BergquistCNilliusSJBerghTSkarinGWideLInhibitory effects on gonadotrophin secretion and gonadal function in men during chronic treatment with a potent stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogueActa Endocrinol (Copenh)197991601608386680
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VogelzangNJChodakGWSolowayMSGoserelin versus orchiectomy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: final results of a randomized trial. Zoladex Prostate Study GroupUrology1995462202267624991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SharifiRSolowayMLeuprolide Study GroupClinical study of leuprolide depot formulation in the treatment of advanced prostate cancerJ Urol199014368712104638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SharifiRGulleyJLDahutWLAndrogen deprivation therapy for prostate cancerJAMA200529423824416014598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KienleELübbenGGerman Leuprorelin Study GroupEfficacy and safety of leuprorelin acetate depot for prostate cancerUrol Int199656Suppl 123308776814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PersadRLeuprorelin acetate in prostate cancer: a European updateInt J Clin Pract20025638939612137449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HellerstedtBAPientaKJThe current state of hormonal therapy for prostate cancerCancer J Clin200252154179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhelanPTriptorelin embonate: a 6-month formulation for prostate cancerExpert Opin Pharmacother2010112929293220969451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PathakASPacificarJSShapiroCEWilliamsSGDetermining dosing intervals for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists based on serum testosterone levels: a prospective studyJ Urol200717721322135 discussion 2135.17509298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreilSRobinsonEASingalBKleerEEfficacy over time of LHRH analogs in the treatment of PCa--a prospective analysis using serum testosterone to determine dosing intervalsUrology20097363163419110301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShoreNDCrawfordEDIntermittent androgen deprivation therapy: redefining the standard of care?Rev Urol20101211120428288
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calais da SilvaFECBonoAVWhelanPIntermittent androgen deprivation for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: results from a randomised phase 3 study of the South European Uroncological GroupEur Urol2009551269127719249153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar