147
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Editorial

Joint statement for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for Gulf Cooperation Council countries and Middle East–North Africa region, 2017

, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 2869-2890 | Published online: 09 Oct 2017

References

  • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung DiseaseGlobal Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease2017 Available from: http://goldcopd.org/gold-2017-global-strategy-diagnosis-management-prevention-copdAccessed January 12, 2017
  • MurrayCJLopezADMathersCDSteinCThe Global Burden of Disease 2000 project: aims, methods and data sources2001 Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper36.pdfAccessed January 22, 2017
  • World Health OrganizationThe Global Burden of Disease: 2004 UpdateGenevaWHO2008
  • DevineJFChronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an overviewAm Health Drug Benefits200813442
  • World Health OrganizationRisk factors for chronic respiratory diseasesBousquetJKhaltaevNGlobal Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Comprehensive ApproachGenevaWHO20073755
  • KhattabAJavaidAIraqiGSmoking habits in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE studyRespir Med2012106Suppl 2S16S2423290700
  • RiachyMRehayemCKhouryCAre narghile smokers different from cigarette smokers?Rev Mal Respir200825313318 French18449097
  • NeergaardJSinghPJobJMontgomerySWaterpipe smoking and nicotine exposure: a review of the current evidenceNicotine Tob Res2007998799417943617
  • MaziakWEissenbergTWardKDPatterns of waterpipe use and dependence: implications for intervention developmentPharmacol Biochem Behav20058017317915652393
  • LindbergAErikssonBLarssonLGRönmarkESandströmTLundbäckBSeven-year cumulative incidence of COPD in an age-stratified general population sampleChest200612987988516608933
  • KanHHeissGRoseKMWhitselELurmannFLondonSJTraffic exposure and lung function in adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities studyThorax20076287387917442705
  • PolatliMKhederABWaliSChronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated healthcare resource consumption in the Middle East and North Africa: the BREATHE studyRespir Med2012106Suppl 2S75S8523290706
  • YinPJiangCQChengKKPassive smoking exposure and risk of COPD among adults in China: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort studyLancet200737075175717765524
  • EisnerMDBalmesJKatzPPTrupinLYelinEHBlancPDLifetime environmental tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEnviron Health20054715890079
  • HuGZhouYTianJRisk of COPD from exposure to biomass smoke: a metaanalysisChest2010138203120139228
  • LinTCKrishnaswamyGChiDSIncense smoke: clinical, structural and molecular effects on airway diseaseClin Mol Allergy20086318439280
  • CohenRSextonKGYeattsKBHazard assessment of United Arab Emirates (UAE) incense smokeSci Total Environ2013458–460176186
  • El HasnaouiARashidNLahlouASalhiHDobleANejjariCChronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the adult population within the Middle East and North Africa region: rationale and design of the BREATHE studyRespir Med2012106Suppl 2S3S1523290702
  • World Health OrganizationChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)2016 Available from: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/enAccessed January 15,2017
  • AdeloyeDChuaSLeeCWGlobal and regional estimates of COPD prevalence: systemic review and meta-analysisJ Glob Health2015502041526755942
  • TageldinMANaftiSKhanJADistribution of COPD-related symptoms in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE studyRespir Med2012106Suppl 2S25S3223290701
  • Al ZaabiAAsadFAbdouJPrevalence of COPD in Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesRespir Med201110556657021216136
  • MahboubBAlzaabiASorianoJBCase-finding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with questionnaire, peak flow measurements and spirometry: a cross-sectional studyBMC Res Notes2014724124739210
  • Al GhobainMAl-HajjajMSWaliSOPrevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among smokers attending primary healthcare clinics in Saudi ArabiaAnn Saudi Med20113112913321403413
  • Al GhobainMAlhamadEHAlorainyHSAl KassimiFLababidiHAl-HajjajMSThe prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a BOLD studyInt J Tuberc Lung Dis2015912521257
  • Al OmariMKhassawnehBYKhaderYDauodASBergusGPrevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adult male cigarettes smokers: a community-based study in JordanInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2014975375825092972
  • SaidAFEwisAAOmranAAMagdyMESaleebMFPrevalence and predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among high-risk EgyptiansEgypt J Bronchol201592733
  • BadwayMSHamedAFYousefFMPrevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Qena GovernorateEgypt J Chest Dis Tuberc2016652934
  • WakedMKhayatGSalamehPChronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence in Lebanon: a cross-sectional descriptive studyClin Epidemiol2011331532322253549
  • DaldoulHDenguezliMJithooAPrevalence of COPD and tobacco smoking in Tunisia: results from the BOLD studyInt J Environ Res Public Health2013107257727124351745
  • El RhaziKNejjariCBenJellounMCEl BiazeMAttassiMGarcia-LarsenVPrevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Fez, Morocco: results from the BOLD studyInt J Tuberc Lung Dis20162013614126688540
  • World Health OrganizationPrevalence of tobacco smoking Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/tobacco/use/enAccessed January 15, 2017
  • JithooAEnrightPLBurneyPCase-finding options for COPD: results from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease StudyEur Respir J20134154855522743668
  • MenezesAMPerez-PadillaRJardimJRChronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five Latin American cities (the PLATINO study): a prevalence studyLancet20053661875188116310554
  • LandisSHMuellerovaHManninoDMContinuing to Confront COPD international patient survey: methods, COPD prevalence, and disease burden in 2012–2013Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2014959761124944511
  • KartLAkkoyunluMEBayramMCOPD: an underdiagnosed disease at hospital environmentWien Klin Wochenschr2014126737824249327
  • EisnerMDAnthonisenNCoultasDAn official American Thoracic Society public policy statement: novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med201018269371820802169
  • EzzatiMLopezADEstimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000Lancet200336284785213678970
  • KhattabAJavaidAIraqiGSmoking habits in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE studyRespir Med2012106Suppl 2S16S2423290700
  • Al ZaabiAMahboubBHVatsMGIqbalMNVatsDMChronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Middle East and UAE: an unrecognized underestimated epidemicJ Lung Pulm Respir Res2016300089
  • MaziakWWardKDSoweidRAEissenbergTTobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemicTob Control20041332733315564614
  • AklEAGaddamSGunukulaSKHoneineRJaoudePAIraniJThe effects of water pipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: a systematic reviewInt J Epidemiol20103983485720207606
  • SheJYangPWangYChinese water-pipe smoking and the risk of COPDChest201414692493124557573
  • HaddadLKellyDLWeglickiLSBarnettTEFerrellAVGhadbanRA systematic review of effects of waterpipe smoking on cardiovascular and respiratory health outcomesTob Use Insights20169132827398028
  • SalamehPWakedMKhouryFWaterpipe smoking and dependence are associated with chronic bronchitis: a case-control study in LebanonEast Mediterr Health J201218996100423301353
  • MohammadYShaabanRAl-ZahabBAKhaltaevNBousquetJDubayboBImpact of active and passive smoking as risk factors for asthma and COPD in women presenting to primary care in Syria: first report by the WHO-GARD survey groupInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2013847348224124359
  • Al-HouqaniMAliRHajatCTobacco smoking using medwakh is an emerging health problem: evidence from a large cross-sectional survey in the United Arab EmiratesPLoS One20127e3918922720071
  • SalamehPSalameJKhayatGExposure to outdoor air pollution and chronic bronchitis in adults: a case-control studyInt J Occup Environ Med2012316517723022867
  • WakedMSalameJKhayatGSalamehPCorrelates of COPD and chronic bronchitis in nonsmokers: data from a cross-sectional studyInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2012757758523055708
  • DenguezliMDaldoulHHarrabiICOPD in nonsmokers: reports from the Tunisian population-based Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease studyPLoS One201611e015198127010214
  • GaudermanWJAvolEGillilandFThe effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of ageN Engl J Med20043511057106715356303
  • GaudermanWJVoraHMcConnellREffect of exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort studyLancet200736957157717307103
  • Rojas-MartinezRPerez-PadillaROlaiz-FernandezGLung function growth in children with long-term exposure to air pollutants in Mexico CityAm J Respir Crit Care Med200717637738417446338
  • DownsSHSchindlerCLiuLJReduced exposure to PM10 and attenuated age-related decline in lung functionN Engl J Med20073572338234718057336
  • EulerGAbbeyDMagieAHodgkinJChronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptom effects of long-term cumulative exposure to ambient levels of total suspended particulates and sulfur dioxide in California Seventh-Day Adventist residentsArch Environ Health1987422132223662608
  • AbbeyDBurchetteRKnutsenSMcDonnelWLebowitzMEnrightPLong-term particulate and other pollutants and lung function in nonsmokersAm J Respir Crit Care Med19981582892989655742
  • SchikowskiTSugiriDRanftULong-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in womenRespir Res2005615216372913
  • AndersenZJHvidbergMJensenSSCOPD and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: a cohort studyAm J Respir Crit Care Med201118345546120870755
  • SmithKRBiofuels, Air Pollution, and HealthNew YorkPlenum Press1987
  • PandeyMBasnyatBNeupaneRChronic bronchitis and cor pulmonale in NepalLung India19886209210
  • AlbalakRFrisanchoARKeelerGJDomestic biomass fuel combustion and chronic bronchitis in two rural Bolivian villagesThorax1999541004100810525559
  • BeheraDAn analysis of effect of common domestic fuels on respiratory functionIndian J Chest Dis Allied Sci1997392352439654820
  • BeheraDJindalSKRespiratory symptoms in Indian women using domestic cooking fuelsChest19911003853881864111
  • BeheraDJindalSKMalhotraHSVentilatory function in nonsmoking rural Indian women using different cooking fuelsRespiration19946189928008994
  • CetinkayaFGülmezIAydinTOztürkYOzesmiMDemirRPrevalence of chronic bronchitis and associated risk factors in a rural area of Kayseri, central Anatolia, TurkeyMonaldi Arch Chest Dis20005518919310948663
  • DossingMKhanJal-RabiahFRisk factors for chronic obstructive lung disease in Saudi ArabiaRespir Med1994885195227972976
  • EkiciAEkiciMKurtipekEObstructive airway diseases in women exposed to biomass smokeEnviron Res200599939816053933
  • KirazKKartLDemirRChronic pulmonary disease in rural women exposed to biomass fumesClin Invest Med20032624324814596485
  • PandeyMRDomestic smoke pollution and chronic bronchitis in a rural community of the hill region of NepalThorax1984393373396740536
  • Pérez-PadillaRRegaladoJVedalSExposure to biomass smoke and chronic airway disease in Mexican women: a case-control studyAm J Respir Crit Care Med19961547017068810608
  • RegaladoJPérez-PadillaRSansoresRThe effect of biomass burning on respiratory symptoms and lung function in rural Mexican womenAm J Respir Crit Care Med200617490190516799080
  • ShresthaILShresthaSLIndoor air pollution from biomass fuels and respiratory health of the exposed population in Nepalese householdsInt J Occup Environ Health20051115016015875891
  • MenezesAMVictoraCGRigattoMPrevalence and risk factors for chronic bronchitis in Pelotas, RS, Brazil: a population-based studyThorax199449121712217878555
  • DuttDSrinivasaDKRottiSBSahaiAKonarDEffect of indoor air pollution on the respiratory system of women using different fuels for cooking in an urban slum of PondicherryNatl Med J India199691131178664820
  • EllegardACooking fuel smoke and respiratory symptoms among women in low-income areas in MaputoEnviron Health Perspect19961049809858899378
  • LiuSZhouYWangXBiomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural south ChinaThorax20076288989717483137
  • DennisRJMaldonadoDNormanSBaenaEMartinezGWoodsmoke exposure and risk for obstructive airways disease among womenChest19961091151198549171
  • Orozco-LeviMGarcia-AymerichJVillarJRamirez-SarmientoAAntoJMGeaJWood smoke exposure and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEur Respir J20062754254616507854
  • CaballeroATorres-DuqueCAJaramilloCPrevalence of COPD in five Colombian cities situated at low, medium, and high altitude (PREPOCOL study)Chest200813334334917951621
  • AljarallahBAliADowaidarMSettinAPrevalence of α-1-antitrypsin gene mutations in Saudi ArabiaSaudi J Gastroenterol20111725626021727732
  • BrownPJGrevilleHWFinucaneKEAsthma and irreversible airflow obstructionThorax1984391311366701824
  • UlrikCSBackerVNonreversible airflow obstruction in life-long nonsmokers with moderate to severe asthmaEur Respir J19991489289610573238
  • CassinoCBergerKIGoldringRMDuration of asthma and physiologic outcomes in elderly nonsmokersAm J Respir Crit Care Med20001621423142811029356
  • ConnollyCKChanNSPrescottRJThe relationship between age and duration of asthma and the presence of persistent obstruction in asthmaPostgrad Med J1988644224253211818
  • BeagleholeRBonitaRAlleyneGUN High-Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases: addressing four questionsLancet201137844945521665266
  • European COPD CoalitionPrevalence in EU Available from: http://www.copdcoalition.eu/about-copd/prevalenceAccessed January 14, 2017
  • ChapmanKRManninoDMSorianoJBEpidemiology and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEur Respir J20062718820716387952
  • Centers for Disease Control and PreventionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults: United States, 2011MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep20126193894323169314
  • FosterTSMillerJDMartonJPCaloyerasJPRussellMWMenzinJAssessment of the economic burden of COPD in the U.S.: a review and synthesis of the literatureCOPD2006321121817361502
  • MehrotraAOluwoleAMGordonSBThe burden of COPD in Africa: a literature review and prospective survey of the availability of spirometry for COPD diagnosis in AfricaTrop Med Int Health20091484084819702594
  • ShayaFTEl KhouryACSamantNDScharfSMUtilization of health care resources in a high-risk Medicaid population with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePhys Ther200631261268
  • MenzinJBoulangerLMartonJThe economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a U.S. Medicare populationRespir Med2008102124856
  • ChungFBarnesNAllenMAssessing the burden of respiratory disease in the UKRespir Med20029696397512477209
  • ManninoDMBradmanSThe epidemiology and economics of chronic pulmonary obstructive diseaseProc Am Thorac Soc2007450250617878461
  • WoutersEFThe burden of COPD in the Netherlands: results from the Confronting COPD surveyRespir Med200397Suppl CS51S5912647943
  • WoutersEFEconomic analysis of the Confronting COPD survey: an overview of resultsRespir Med200397Suppl CS3S14
  • Simon-TuvalTScharfSMMaimonNBernhard-ScharfBJReuveniHTarasiukADeterminants of elevated healthcare utilization in patients with COPDRespir Res201112721232087
  • DalalAAShahMLunacsekOHananiaNAClinical and economic burden of patients diagnosed with COPD with comorbid cardiovascular diseaseRespir Res201110515161522
  • AlzaabiAMahboubBSalhiHKajinguWRashidNEl-HasnaouiAWaterpipe use in the Middle East and North Africa: data from the Breathe studyNicotine Tob Res Epub20161010
  • KesslerRPartridgeMRMiravitllesMSymptom variability in patients with severe COPD: a pan-European cross-sectional studyEur Respir J20113726427221115606
  • de los MonterosMJPeñaCHurtadoEJJareñoJMiravitllesMVariability of respiratory symptoms in severe COPDArch Bronconeumol2012483721944843
  • ZwarNAMarksGBHermizOPredictors of accuracy of diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practiceMed J Aust201119516817121843115
  • SimonPMSchwartzsteinRMWeissJWFenclVTeght-soonianMWeinbergerSEDistinguishable types of dyspnea in patients with shortness of breathAm Rev Respir Dis1990142100910142240820
  • BurrowsBNidenAHBarclayWRChronic obstructive lung disease – II: relationship of clinical and physiologic findings to the severity of airways obstructionAm Rev Respir Dis19659166567814280940
  • No authors listedDefinition and classification of chronic bronchitis for clinical and epidemiological purposesLancet196517757794165081
  • ScholsAMSoetersPBDingemansAMMostertRFrantzenPJWoutersEFPrevalence and characteristics of nutritional depletion in patients with stable COPD eligible for pulmonary rehabilitationAm Rev Respir Dis1993147115111568484624
  • ScholsAMSlangenJVolovicsLWoutersEFWeight loss is a reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med1998157179117979620907
  • HolguinFFolchEReddSCManninoDMComorbidity and mortality in COPD-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1979 to 2001Chest20051282005201116236848
  • KestenSChapmanKRPhysician perceptions and management of COPDChest19931042542588325079
  • LoveridgeBWestPKrygerMHAnthonisenNRAlteration in breathing pattern with progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm Rev Respir Dis19861349309343777689
  • PellegrinoRViegiGBrusascoVInterpretative strategies for lung function testsEur Respir J20052694896816264058
  • BestallJCPaulEAGarrodRGarnhamRJonesPWWedzichaJAUsefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax19995458158610377201
  • NishimuraKIzumiTTsukinoMOgaTDyspnea is a better predictor of 5-year survival than airway obstruction in patients with COPDChest20021211434144012006425
  • JonesPWHealth status measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax20015688088711641515
  • JonesPTabbererMChenWHCreating scenarios of the impact of COPD and their relationship to COPD assessment test (CATTM) scoresBMC Pul Med20111142
  • JonesPWAdamekLNadeauGBanikNComparisons of health status scores with MRC grades in COPD: implications for the GOLD 2011 classificationEur Respir J20134264765423258783
  • JonesPWCOPD assessment test: rationale, development, validation and performanceCOPD20131026927123547637
  • van der MolenTWillemseBWSchokkerSten HackenNHPostmaDSJuniperEFDevelopment, validity and responsiveness of the clinical COPD questionnaireHealth Qual Life Outcomes200311312773199
  • RedaAAKotzDKocksJWWesselingGvan SchayckCPReliability and validity of the clinical COPD questionnaire and chronic respiratory questionnaireRespir Med20101041675168220538445
  • MillerMRHankinsonJBrusascoVStandardization of spirom-etryEur Respir J20052631933816055882
  • BuistASMcburnieMAVollmerWMInternational variations in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD study): a population based prevalence studyLancet200737074175017765523
  • HurstJRWedzichaJAWhat is (and what is not) a COPD exacerbation: thoughts from the new GOLD guidelinesThorax20076219819917329557
  • HurstJRVestboJAnzuetoASusceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseN Engl J Med20103631128113820843247
  • Soler-CataluñaJJMartínez-GarcíaMASánchezPRSalcedoENavarroMOchandoRSevere acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax20056092593116055622
  • SorianoJBVisickGTMuellerovaHPayvandiNHansellALPatterns of comorbidities in newly diagnosed COPD and asthma in primary careChest20051282099210716236861
  • LangePNyboeJAppleyardMJensenGSchnohrPVentilatory function and chronic mucus hypersecretion as predictors of death from lung cancerAm Rev Respir Dis19901416136172310094
  • SkillrudDMOffordKPMillerRDHigher risk of lung cancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective, matched, controlled studyAnn Intern Med19861055035073752756
  • BurgelPRRocheNPaillasseurJLClinical COPD phenotypes identified by cluster analysis: validation with mortalityEur Respir J20124049549622855468
  • MiravitllesMSoler-CataluñaJJCalleMSpanish COPD guidelines (GesEPOC): pharmacological treatment of stable COPDArch Bronconeumol20124824725722561012
  • Garcia-AymerichJGómezFPBenetMIdentification and prospective validation of clinically relevant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotypesThorax20116643043721177668
  • SinDDMiravitllesMManninoDMWhat is asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS)? Towards a consensus definition from a round table discussionEur Respir J20164866467327338195
  • PavordIDLettisSLocantoreNBlood eosinophils and inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-2 agonist efficacy in COPDThorax20167111812526585525
  • PascoeSLocantoreNDransfieldMTBarnesNCPavordIDBlood eosinophil counts, exacerbations, and response to the addition of inhaled fluticasone furoate to vilanterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a secondary analysis of data from two parallel randomized controlled trialsLancet Respir Med2015343544225878028
  • BafadhelMDaviesLCalverleyPMAaronSDBrightlingCEPavordIDBlood eosinophil guided prednisolone therapy for exacerbations of COPD: a further analysisEur Respir J20144478979124925917
  • FishmanAMartinezFNaunheimKA randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysemaN Engl J Med20033482059207312759479
  • KellyAMMcAlpineRKyleEHow accurate are pulse oximeters in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive airways disease?Respir Med20019533634011392573
  • Pinto-PlataVMCoteCCabralHTaylorJCelliBRThe 6-min walk distance: change over time and value as a predictor of survival in severe COPDEur Respir J200423283314738227
  • OgaTNishimuraKTsukinoMSatoSHajiroTAnalysis of the factors related to mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of exercise capacity and health statusAm J Respir Crit Care Med200316754454912446268
  • JonesPWHealth status measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax20015688088711641515
  • CelliBRCoteCGMarinJMThe body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseN Engl J Med20043501005101214999112
  • TashkinDPCelliBSennSA 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseN Engl J Med20083591543155418836213
  • BeehKMSinghDDi ScalaLDrollmannAOnce-daily NVA237 improves exercise tolerance from the first dose in patients with COPD: the GLOW3 trialInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2012750351322973092
  • CalverleyPMAndersonJACelliBSalmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseN Engl J Med200735677578917314337
  • DecramerMLChapmanKRDahlROnce-daily indacaterol versus tiotropium for patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (INVIGORATE): a randomised, blinded, parallel-group studyLancet Respir Med2013152453324461613
  • VogelmeierCHedererBGlaabTTiotropium versus salmeterol for the prevention of exacerbations of COPDN Engl J Med20113641093110321428765
  • SinghDNew combination bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current evidence and future perspectivesBr J Clin Pharmacol20157969570825377687
  • BatemanEDChapmanKRSinghDAclidinium bromide and formoterol fumarate as a fixed-dose combination in COPD: pooled analysis of symptoms and exacerbations from two six-month, multicentre, randomised studies (ACLIFORM and AUGMENT)Respir Res2015169226233481
  • WedzichaJADecramerMFickerJHAnalysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations with the dual bronchodilator QVA149 compared with glycopyrronium and tiotropium (SPARK): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group studyLancet Respir Med2013119920924429126
  • WedzichaJASinghDVestboJExtrafine beclomethasone/formoterol in severe COPD patients with history of exacerbationsRespir Med20141081153116224953015
  • SinghDCorradiMSpinolaMPetruzzelliSPapiAExtrafine beclometasone diproprionate/formoterol fumarate: a review of its effects in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseNPJ Prim Care Respir Med2016261603027309985
  • LokeYKCavallazziRSinghSRisk of fractures with inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studiesThorax20116669970821602540
  • WangJJRochtchinaETanAGCummingRGLeederSRMitchellPUse of inhaled and oral corticosteroids and the long-term risk of cataractOphthalmology200911665265719243828
  • SuissaSKezouhAErnstPInhaled corticosteroids and the risks of diabetes onset and progressionAm J Med20101231001100620870201
  • LeeCHKimKHyunMKJangEJLeeNRYimJJUse of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of tuberculosisThorax2013681105111323749841
  • CrimCDransfieldMTBourbeauJPneumonia risk with inhaled fluticasone furoate and vilanterol compared with vilanterol alone in patients with COPDAnn Am Thorac Soc201512273425490706
  • FesticEScanlonPDIncident pneumonia and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double effect of inhaled corticosteroids?Am J Respir Crit Care Med201519114114825409118
  • WedzichaJABanerjiDChapmanKRIndacaterol-glyco-pyrronium versus salmeterol-fluticasone for COPDN Engl J Med20163742222223427181606
  • WelteTMiravitllesMHernandezPEfficacy and tolerability of budesonide/formoterol added to tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med200918074175019644045
  • SinghDPapiACorradiMSingle inhaler triple therapy versus inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting β2-agonist therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRILOGY): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trialLancet201638896397327598678
  • MartinezFJCalverleyPMGoehringUMBroseMFabbriLMRabeKFEffect of roflumilast on exacerbations in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease uncontrolled by combination therapy (REACT): a multicentre randomised controlled trialLancet201538585786625684586
  • HanMKTayobNMurraySPredictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation reduction in response to daily azithromycin therapyAm J Respir Crit Care Med20141891503150824779680
  • HurstJRVestboJAnzuetoASusceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseN Engl J Med20103631128113820843247
  • SiddiquiSHGuasconiAVestboJBlood eosinophils: a bio-marker of response to extrafine beclomethasone/formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med201519252352526051430
  • PascoeSLocantoreNDransfieldMBarnesNCPavordIDBlood eosinophil counts, exacerbations, and response to the addition of inhaled fluticasone furoate to vilanterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a secondary analysis of data from two parallel randomised controlled trialsLancet Respir Med2015343544225878028
  • SpruitMASinghSJGarveyCAn official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitationAm J Resp Crit Care Med2013188e13e6424127811
  • GarveyCBaylesMPHammLFPulmonary rehabilitation exercise prescription in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: review of selected guidelinesJ Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev201667583
  • RiesALMakeBJLeeSMThe effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in the National Emphysema Treatment TrialChest20051283799380916354848
  • QaseemAWiltTJWeinbergerSEDiagnosis and management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical practice guideline update from the American College of Physicians, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory SocietyAnn Intern Med201115517919121810710
  • PuhanMAScharplatzMTroostersTSteurerJRespiratory rehabilitation after acute exacerbation of COPD may reduce risk for readmission and mortality: a systematic reviewRespir Res2005 Jun 865415943867
  • OrtegaFToalJCejudoPComparison of effects of strength and endurance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Resp Crit Care Med200216666967412204863
  • GarberCEBlissmerBDeschenesMRQuantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuro-motor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exerciseMed Sci Sports Exerc2011431334135921694556
  • HorowitzMBLittenbergBMahlerDADyspnea ratings for prescribing exercise intensity in patients with COPDChest1996109116911758625662
  • ScanlonPDConnettJEWallerLASmoking cessation and lung function in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Lung Health StudyAm J Respir Crit Care Med200016138139010673175
  • PelkonenMTukiainenHTervahautaMPulmonary function, smoking cessation and 30-year mortality in middle aged Finnish menThorax20005574675010950892
  • CarmodyTPDuncanCSimonJAHypnosis for smoking cessation: a randomized trialNicotine Tob Res20081081181818569754
  • OdumLEO’DellKASchepersJSElectronic cigarettes: do they have a role in smoking cessation?J Pharm Pract20122561161422797832
  • TomczykSBennettNMStoeckerCUse of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-valent vaccine among adults aged ≥65 years: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice (ACIP)MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep20146382282525233284
  • FerreiraIMBrooksDWhiteJGoldsteinRNutritional supplementation for stable COPDCochrane Database Syst Rev201212CD00099823235577
  • StruikFMLacasseYGoldsteinRKerstjensHMWijkstraPJNocturnal non-invasive positive pressure for stable COPDCochrane Database Syst Rev2013CD00287823766138
  • TiongLUDaviesRGibsonPGLung volume reduction surgery for diffuse emphysemaCochrane Database Syst Rev2006CD00100117054132
  • WeillDBendenCCorrisPAA consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates – 2014: an update from the Pulmonary Transplantation Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung TransplantationJ Heart Lung Transplant20153411525085497
  • International Society for Heart and Lung TransplantationOverall lung transplantation statistics2016 Available from: https://www.ishlt.org/registries/slides.asp?slides=heartLungRegistryAccessed July 19, 2017