Development and Validation of a Healthcare Utilization-Based Algorithm to Identify Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

References

• Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020 report). 2020; Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/GOLD-2020-REPORT-ver1.0wms.pdf. Accessed 20 July, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Wheaton AG, Liu Y, Croft JB, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking status - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(24):533–538. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6824a1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchette CM, Gutierrez B, Ory C, Chang E, Akazawa M. Economic burden in direct costs of concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in a Medicare Advantage population. J Manag Care Pharm. 2008;14(2):176–185. doi:10.18553/jmcp.2008.14.2.176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogelmeier CF, Criner GJ, Martinez FJ, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report. GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(5):557–582. doi:10.1164/rccm.201701-0218PP
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhamane AD, Moretz C, Zhou Y, et al. COPD exacerbation frequency and its association with health care resource utilization and costs. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:2609–2618. doi:10.2147/COPD.S90148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothnie KJ, Mullerova H, Smeeth L, Quint JK. Natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations in a general practice-based population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(4):464–471. doi:10.1164/rccm.201710-2029OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soler-Cataluna JJ, Martinez-Garcia MA, Roman Sanchez P, Salcedo E, Navarro M, Ochando R. Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005;60(11):925–931. doi:10.1136/thx.2005.040527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson GC, Seemungal TA, Bhowmik A, Wedzicha JA. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2002;57(10):847–852. doi:10.1136/thorax.57.10.847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(12):1128–1138. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0909883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miravitlles M, Ferrer M, Pont A, et al. Effect of exacerbations on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a 2 year follow up study. Thorax. 2004;59(5):387–395. doi:10.1136/thx.2003.008730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seemungal TA, Donaldson GC, Paul EA, Bestall JC, Jeffries DJ, Wedzicha JA. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(5 Pt 1):1418–1422. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9709032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seemungal TA, Donaldson GC, Bhowmik A, Jeffries DJ, Wedzicha JA. Time course and recovery of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(5):1608–1613. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9908022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson TM, Donaldson GC, Hurst JR, Seemungal TA, Wedzicha JA. Early therapy improves outcomes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169(12):1298–1303. doi:10.1164/rccm.200310-1443OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burge S, Wedzicha JA. COPD exacerbations: definitions and classifications. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2003;41:46s–53s. doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00078002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodriguez-Roisin R. Toward a consensus definition for COPD exacerbations. Chest. 2000;117(5 Suppl 2):398S–401S. doi:10.1378/chest.117.5_suppl_2.398S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montes de Oca M, Laucho-Contreras ME. Is it time to change the definition of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmornary disease? What do we need to add? Med Sci (Basel). 2018;6:2. doi:10.3390/medsci6020050
   Google Scholar
• Pauwels R, Calverley P, Buist AS, et al. COPD exacerbations: the importance of a standard definition. Respir Med. 2004;98(2):99–107. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2003.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein BD, Charbeneau JT, Lee TA, et al. Hospitalizations for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: how you count matters. COPD. 2010;7(3):164–171. doi:10.3109/15412555.2010.481696
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mapel DW, Dutro MP, Marton JP, Woodruff K, Make B. Identifying and characterizing COPD patients in US managed care. A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of administrative claims data. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:43. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalal AA, Shah MB, D’Souza AO, Lunacsek OE, Nagar SP, Crater GD. Observational study of the outcomes and costs of initiating maintenance therapies in patients with moderate exacerbations of COPD. Respir Res. 2012;13:41. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-13-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern DM, Davis J, Williams SA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol combination and fluticasone/salmeterol combination among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients new to controller treatment: a US administrative claims database study. Respir Res. 2015;16:52. doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0210-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasquale MK, Sun SX, Song F, Hartnett HJ, Stemkowski SA. Impact of exacerbations on health care cost and resource utilization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with chronic bronchitis from a predominantly Medicare population. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:757–764. doi:10.2147/COPD.S36997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasquale MK, Xu Y, Baker CL, et al. COPD exacerbations associated with the modified Medical Research Council scale and COPD assessment test among Humana Medicare members. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016;11:111–121. doi:10.2147/COPD.S94323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perera PN, Armstrong EP, Sherrill DL, Skrepnek GH. Acute exacerbations of COPD in the United States: inpatient burden and predictors of costs and mortality. COPD. 2012;9(2):131–141. doi:10.3109/15412555.2011.650239
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suh DC, Lau H, La HO, Choi IS, Geba GP. Association between incidence of acute exacerbation and medication therapy in patients with COPD. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(2):297–306. doi:10.1185/03007990903465926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevethan R. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values: foundations, pliabilities, and pitfalls in research and practice. Front Public Health. 2017;5:307. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein BD, Bautista A, Schumock GT, et al. The validity of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes for identifying patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbations. Chest. 2012;141(1):87–93. doi:10.1378/chest.11-0024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oelsner EC, Loehr LR, Henderson AG, et al. Classifying chronic lower respiratory disease events in epidemiologic cohort studies. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13(7):1057–1066. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201601-063OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanford RH, Engel-Nitz NM, Bancroft T, et al. The identification and cost of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations in a United States population healthcare claims database. COPD. 2020;17(5):499–508. doi:10.1080/15412555.2020.1817357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CMS. COPD readmission measure code specifications. 2020; Available from: https://qualitynet.cms.gov/inpatient/measures/readmission/methodology. Accessed June 03, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Hardin M, Silverman EK, Barr RG, et al. The clinical features of the overlap between COPD and asthma. Respir Res. 2011;12(1):127. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-127
   PubMedGoogle Scholar