PRIMUS – Prompt Initiation of Maintenance Therapy in the US: A Real-World Analysis of Clinical and Economic Outcomes Among Patients Initiating Triple Therapy Following a COPD Exacerbation

References

• Mannino D, Buist A. Global burden of COPD: risk factors, prevalence, and future trends. Lancet. 2007;370(7589):765–773. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61380-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics. Percentage of COPD, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis for adults aged 18 and over. United States: National Health Interview Survey; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral risk factor surveillance system: web enabled analysis tool; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agusti AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(4):347–365. doi:10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster TS, Miller JD, Marton JP, Caloyeras JP, Russell MW, Menzin J. Assessment of the economic burden of COPD in the US: a review and synthesis of the literature. COPD. 2006;3(4):211–218. doi:10.1080/15412550601009396
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwab P, Dhamane AD, Hopson SD, et al. Impact of comorbid conditions in COPD patients on health care resource utilization and costs in a predominantly medicare population. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:735–744. doi:10.2147/COPD.S112256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalal AA, Christensen L, Liu F, Riedel AA. Direct costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among managed care patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2010;5:341–349. doi:10.2147/COPD.S13771
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zafari Z, Li S, Eakin MN, Bellanger M, Reed RM. Projecting long-term health and economic burden of COPD in the United States. CHEST. 2021;159(4):1400–1410. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Baker CL, Zou KH, Su J. Long-acting bronchodilator use after hospitalization for COPD: an observational study of health insurance claims data. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:431–439. doi:10.2147/COPD.S59322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutinho AD, Lokhandwala T, Boggs RL, et al. Prompt initiation of maintenance treatment following a COPD exacerbation: outcomes in a large insured population. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016;11:1223–1231. doi:10.2147/COPD.S102570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalal AA, Shah M, D’Souza AO, Crater GD. Rehospitalization risks and outcomes in COPD patients receiving maintenance pharmacotherapy. Respir Med. 2012;106(6):829–837. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2011.11.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalal AA, Shah MB, D’Souza AO, Dhamane AD, Crater GD. Outcomes associated with timing of maintenance treatment for COPD exacerbation. Am J Manag Care. 2012;18(9):e338–e345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalal AA, Shah MB, D’Souza AO, Lunacsek OE, Nagar SP, Crater GD. Observational study of the outcomes and costs of initiating maintenance therapies in patients with moderate exacerbations of COPD. Respir Res. 2012;13:41. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-13-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buikema AR, Brekke L, Anderson A, et al. The effect of delaying initiation of umeclidinium/vilanterol in patients with COPD: an observational administrative claims database analysis using marginal structural models. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2018;13(38). doi:10.1186/s40248-018-0151-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainar AS, Huerta A, Artieda RN, Monso E, Landis SH, Ismaila AS. Economic impact of delaying initiation with multiple-inhaler maintenance triple therapy in Spanish patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulm Dis. 2019;14:2121–2129. doi:10.2147/COPD.S211854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demeyer H, Costilla-Frias M, Louvaris Z, et al. Both moderate and severe exacerbations accelerate physical activity decline in COPD patients. Eur Respir J. 2018;51(1):1702110. doi:10.1183/13993003.02110-2017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpin DMG, Decramer M, Celli BR, Mueller A, Metzdorf N, Tashkin DP. Effect of a single exacerbation on decline in lung function in COPD. Respir Med. 2017;128:85–91. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2017.04.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansbury L, Lipson DA, Bains C, Anley G, Ismaila A, Quasny H. The unmet need of moderate exacerbations among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who initiated inhaled maintenance therapy in United Kingdom (UK) general practice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201:A3305.
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Prevention quality indicator #5 (PQI #5): chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma in older adults, admission rate. Available from: https://qualityindicators.ahrq.gov. Accessed January 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. ACO #9 – prevention quality indicator (PQI): ambulatory care sensitive conditions: admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma in older adults. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/sharedsavingsprogram/Downloads/ACO-9.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Measuring price change in the CPI: medical care; 2020. Available from: https://www.bls.gov/cpi/factsheets/medical-care.htm. Accessed January 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Creation of elixhauser comorbidity index scores, comorbidity index, version 1.0. Available from: https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/toolssoftware/comorbidity/comindex2012-2015.txt. Accessed January 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Bogart M, Glassberg MB, Reinsch T, Stanford RH. Impact of prompt versus delayed initiation of triple therapy post COPD exacerbation in a US-managed care setting. Respir Med. 2018;145:138–144. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh D, Fabbri LM, Vezzoli S, Petruzzelli S, Papi A. Extrafine triple therapy delays COPD clinically important deterioration vs ICS/LABA, LAMA, or LABA/LAMA. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulm Dis. 2019;14:531–546. doi:10.2147/COPD.S196383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar