References
- World Health Organisation. Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2019.
- Diabetes UK. Diabetes Prevalence 2019. Diabetes UK; 2019.
- NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes- type 2; 2022.
- Mulnier HE, Seaman HE, Raleigh VS, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Colhoun HM, Lawrenson RA. Mortality in people with type 2 diabetes in the UK. Diabetic Med. 2006;23(5):516–521.
- Coles B, Zaccardi F, Hvid C, Davies MJ, Khunti K. Cardiovascular events and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes and multimorbidity: a real-world study of patients followed for up to 19 years. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23(1):218–227.
- Mulnier HE, Seaman HE, Raleigh VS, et al. Risk of stroke in people with type 2 diabetes in the UK: a study using the General Practice Research Database. Diabetologia. 2006;49:2859–2865.
- NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 2021.
- GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(9):691–706.
- Berry CE, Wise RA. Mortality in COPD: causes, risk factors, and prevention. COPD. 2010;7(5):375–382.
- Gläser S, Krüger S, Merkel M, Bramlage P, Herth FJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the literature. Respiration. 2015;89(3):253–264.
- Caughey GE, Roughead EE, Shakib S, Vitry AI, Gilbert AL. Co-morbidity and potential treatment conflicts in elderly heart failure patients: a retrospective, cross-sectional study of administrative claims data. Drugs Aging. 2011;28(7):575–581.
- Kerr EA, Heisler M, Krein SL, et al. Beyond comorbidity counts: how do comorbidity type and severity influence diabetes patients’ treatment priorities and self-management? J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(12):1635–1640.
- George CDA, Conway BN. Increased risk of respiratory diseases in adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;142:46–55.
- Mirrakhimov AE. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and glucose metabolism: a bitter sweet symphony. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012;11:132.
- Meteran H, Backer V, Kyvik KO, Skytthe A, Thomsen SF. Comorbidity between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes: a nation-wide cohort twin study. Respir Med. 2015;109(8):1026–1030.
- Hwang JL, Weiss RE. Steroid-induced diabetes: a clinical and molecular approach to understanding and treatment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(2):96–102.
- Gayle A, Dickinson S, Poole C, Pang M, Fauconnot O, Quint JK. Incidence of type II diabetes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nested case-control study. NPJ Primary Care Respir Med. 2019;29(1):28.
- Saeed MI, Eklöf J, Achir I, et al. Use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(8):1348–1356.
- McAlpine RR, Morris AD, Emslie-Smith A, James P, Evans JM. The annual incidence of diabetic complications in a population of patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Med. 2005;22(3):348–352.
- Whittaker HR, Bloom CI, Morgan AD, Jarvis DL, Kiddle SJ, Quint J. Accelerated FEV1 decline and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in a primary care population of COPD patients. Eur Respir J. 2020;57(3):2000918.
- Huiart L, Ernst P, Suissa S. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in COPD. Chest. 2005;128(4):2640–2646.
- Wolf A, Dedman D, Campbell J, et al. Data resource profile: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(6):1740–g.
- Cook S, Schmedt N, Broughton J, Kalra PA, Tomlinson LA, Quint JK. Characterising the burden of chronic kidney disease among people with type 2 diabetes in England: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. BMJ Open. 2023;13(3):e065927.
- Github, inc. Github repository for project: characterising the burden of chronic kidney disease among people with type 2 diabetes in England: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research; 2023. Available from: https://github.com/NHLI-Respiratory-Epi/ABC-CKD. Accessed May 31, 2023.
- Wilson DO, Rogers RM, Wright EC, Anthonisen NR. Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing Trial. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989;139(6):1435–1438.
- Decramer M, De Benedetto F, Del Ponte A, Marinari S. Systemic effects of COPD. Respir Med. 2005;99:S3–S10.
- Ho T-W, Huang C-T, Ruan S-Y, Tsai Y-J, Lai F, Yu C-J. Diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-The impact on mortality. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175794.
- Guo Y, Zhang T, Wang Z, et al. Body mass index and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a dose-response meta-analysis. Medicine. 2016;95(28):e4225.