Bacterial flora in the sputum and comorbidity in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD

References

• SeemungalTARDonaldsonGCPaulEABestallJCJeffriesDJWedzichaJAEffect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med1998157141814229603117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnzuetoAImpact of exacerbation on COPDEur Respir Rev20101911311820956179
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soler-CataluñaJJMartínez-GarcíaMARomán SánchezPSalcedoENavarroMOchandoRSevere acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax20056092593116055622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De SerresGLampronNLa ForgeJImportance of viral and bacterial infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbationsJ Clin Virol20094612913319665425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosellAMonsóESolerNMicrobiologic determinants of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseArch Intern Med200516589189715851640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PatelISSeemungalTARWilksMLloyd-OwenSJDonaldsonGCWedzichaJARelationship between bacterial colonization and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbationsThorax20025775976412200518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnthonisenNRManfredaJWarrenCPHershfieldESHardingGKNelsonNAAntibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAnn Intern Med19871061962043492164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MiravitllesMMoragasAHernándezSBayonaCLlorCIs it possible to identify exacerbations of mild to moderate COPD that do not require antibiotic treatment?Chest201314451571157723807094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SolerNEsperattiMEwigSHuertaAAgustíCTorresASputum purulence-guided antibiotic use in hospitalised patients with exacerbations of COPDEur Respir J2012401344135322523352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MiravitllesMEspinosaCFernández-LasoERelationship between bacterial flora in sputum and functional impairment in patients with acute exacerbations of COPDChest1999116404610424501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MonsóERosellABonetGLower airway colonization in chronic bronchitis: risk factorsEur Respir J199710Suppl 25147S
   Google Scholar
• CelliBRMacNeeWStandards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paperEur Respir J20042393294615219010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MiravitllesMMonsóEMensaJTratamiento antimicrobiano de la agudización de la EPOCArch Bronconeumol20084410010818361876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlmagroPCabreraFJDiezJComorbidities and short-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD. The ESMI studyChest20121421126113323303399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guía Española del EPOC (Gesepoc)Arch Bronconeumol201248Suppl 125823116901
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung DiseaseGlobal Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPDGlobal Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)2010 Available from: http://www.goldcopd.org/Accessed January 2, 2015
   Google Scholar
• CharlsonMESzatrowskiTPPetersonJGoldJValidation of a combined comorbidity indexJ Clin Epidemiol199447124512517722560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BestallJPaulEGarrodRGarnhamRJonesPWedzichaJUsefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax19995458158610377201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KatzSFordABMoskowitzRWStudies of illness in the aged: the index of ADL; a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial functionJAMA196318591491914044222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soler-CataluñaJJMartínez-GarcíaMASanchezLSTorderaMPSánchezPRSever exacerbations and BODE index: two independent risk factors for death in male COPD patientsRespir Med20081035682689
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MurrayPRWashingtonJAMicroscopic and bacteriologic analysis of expectorated sputumMayo Clin Proc19755063393441127999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EllerJEdeASchabergTNiedermanMSMauchHLodeHInfective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: relation between bacteriologic etiology and lung functionChest1998113154215489631791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LarsenMVJannerJHNielsenSDFriis-MollerARingbaekTLangePBacteriology in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients admitted to hospitalScand J Infect Dis200941263218855228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RocheNKouassiBRabbatAMounedjiALorutCHuchonGYield of sputum microbiological examination in patients hospitalized for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with purulent sputumRespiration200774192516675894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlmagroPSalvadóMGarcia-VidalCPseudomonas aeruginosa and mortality after hospital admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseRespiration201284364321996555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NowetakaKFrankowskaMGrzelewska-RzymowskaIExacerbations of COPD and the role of sputum bacteriological examinationPneumonol Alergol Pol20067439640217427149
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• García-VidalCAlmagroPRomaníVPseudomonas aeruginosa in patients hospitalised for COPD exacerbation: a prospective studyEur Respir J2009341072107819386694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AaronSDDonaldsonGCWhitmoreGAHurstJRRamsayTWedzichaJATime course and pattern of COPD exacerbation onsetThorax20126723824322008189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BafadhelMMcKennaSTerrySAcute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: identification of biologic clusters and their biomarkersAm J Respir Crit Care Med201118466267121680942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BariMRHironMMZamanSMRahmanMMGangulyKCMicrobes responsible for acute exacerbation of COPDMymensingh Med J20101957658520956903
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SethiSMolecular diagnosis of respiratory tract infection in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseClin Infect Dis201152S4S290S29521460287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BalterMCanadian guidelinesCan Respir J20031024825812945001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WoodheadMGuidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infectionsEur Respir J20051138118016319346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DanielsJMde GraafCSVlaspolderFSnijdersDJansenHMBoersmaWGSputum color reported by patients is not a reliable marker of the presence of bacteria in acute exacerbations of COPDClin Microbiol Infect20101658358819681947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TsimogianniAMPapirisSAKanavakiSPredictors of positive sputum cultures in exacerbation of COPDRespirology2009141114112019761538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BafadhelMHaldarKBarkerBAirway bacteria measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and culture in patients with stable COPD: relationship with neutrophilic airway inflammation, exacerbation frequency, and lung functionInt J COPD20151010751083
   Google Scholar
• StolzDTammMDiscriminate use of antibiotics for exacerbation of COPDCurr Opin Pulm Med20091512613219532027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Román TeránCGuijarro MerinoRGómez HuelgasRMontero RibasLEpidemiología hospitalaria de la EPOC en EspañaRev Clin Esp2007207Suppl 137
   Google Scholar
• Pozo-RodríguezFAlvarezCJCastro-AcostaAAUDIPOC Spain GroupClinical audit of patients admitted to hospital in Spain due to exacerbation of COPD (AUDIPOC study): method and organisationArch Bronconeumol20104634935720554103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar