Alemtuzumab: evidence for its potential in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis

References

• Trisolini M Honeycutt A Wiener J Lesesne S Multiple Sclerosis International Federation Global Economic Impact of Multiple Sclerosis London Multiple Sclerosis International Federation 2010
   Google Scholar
• Compston A Coles A Multiple sclerosis Lancet 2008 372 9648 1502 1517 18970977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Disanto G Morahan JM Barnett MH Giovannoni G Ramagopalan SV The evidence for a role of B cells in multiple sclerosis Neurology 2012 78 11 823 832 22411958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group Neurology 1995 45 7 1277 1285 7617182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon beta-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. PRISMS (Prevention of Relapses and Disability by Interferon beta-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) Study Group Lancet 1998 352 9139 1498 1504 9820297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs LD Cookfair DL Rudick RA Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG) Ann Neurol 1996 39 3 285 294 8602746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson KP Brooks BR Cohen JA Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group Neurology 1995 45 7 1268 1276 7617181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polman CH O’Connor PW Havrdova E AFFIRM Investigators A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 2006 354 9 899 910 16510744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudick RA Stuart WH Calabresi PA SENTINEL Investigators Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 2006 354 9 911 923 16510745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JA Barkhof F Comi G TRANSFORMS Study Group Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 2010 362 5 402 415 20089954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kappos L Radue EW O’Connor P FREEDOMS Study Group A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 2010 362 5 387 401 20089952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnitzer TJ Yocum DE Michalska M Subcutaneous administration of CAMPATH-1H: clinical and biological outcomes J Rheumatol 1997 24 6 1031 1036 9195505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood CM Thiru S Isaacs JD Hale G Waldmann H Long-term remission of intractable systemic vasculitis with monoclonal antibody therapy Lancet 1993 341 8861 1620 1622 8099991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood CM Thiru S Stewart S Treatment of refractory Wegener’s granulomatosis with humanized monoclonal antibodies QJM 1996 89 12 903 912 9015484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim SH Hale G Marcus RE Waldmann H Baglin TP CAMPATH-1 monoclonal antibody therapy in severe refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura Br J Haematol 1993 84 3 542 544 8217808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh EA Hirst CL Llewelyn JG Alemtuzumab in the treatment of IVIG-dependent chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy J Neurol 2010 257 6 913 919 20049473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaacs JD Hale G Waldmann H Monoclonal antibody therapy of chronic intraocular inflammation using Campath-1H Br J Ophthalmol 1995 79 11 1054 1055 8534657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J Ju WQ He XS Effect of Campath-1H induction on immunosuppression in small intestine transplantation Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2011 14 3 199 201 Chinese 21442484
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barth RN Janus CA Lillesand CA Outcomes at 3 years of a prospective pilot study of Campath-1H and sirolimus immunosuppression for renal transplantation Transpl Int 2006 19 11 885 892 17018123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill-Cawthorne GA Button T Tuohy O Long term lymphocyte reconstitution after alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012 83 3 298 304 22056965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox AL Thompson SA Jones JL Lymphocyte homeostasis following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion in multiple sclerosis Eur J Immunol 2005 35 11 3332 3342 16231285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JA Coles AJ Arnold DL CARE-MS I investigators Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial Lancet 2012 380 9856 1819 1828 23122652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coles AJ Compston DA Selmaj KW CAMMS223 Investigators Alemtuzumab vs interferon beta-1a in early multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 2008 359 17 1786 1801 18946064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coles AJ Cox A Le Page E The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy J Neurol 2006 253 1 98 108 16044212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coles AJ Twyman CL Arnold DL CARE-MS II investigators Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial Lancet 2012 380 9856 1829 1839 23122650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtzke JF Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) Neurology 1983 33 11 1444 1452 6685237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirst CL Pace A Pickersgill TP Campath 1-H treatment in patients with aggressive relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis J Neurol 2008 255 2 231 238 18283404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox EJ Sullivan HC Gazda SK A single-arm, open-label study of alemtuzumab in treatment-refractory patients with multiple sclerosis Eur J Neurol 2012 19 2 307 311 21899662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coles AJ Fox E Vladic A Alemtuzumab more effective than interferon β-1a at 5-year follow-up of CAMMS223 clinical trial Neurology 2012 78 14 1069 1078 22442431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson SA Jones JL Cox AL Compston DA Coles AJ B-cell reconstitution and BAFF after alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) treatment of multiple sclerosis J Clin Immunol 2010 30 1 99 105 19763798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coles AJ Fox E Vladic A Alemtuzumab versus interferon β-1a in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: post-hoc and subset analyses of clinical efficacy outcomes Lancet Neurol 2011 10 4 338 348 21397567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costelloe L Jones J Coles A Secondary autoimmune diseases following alemtuzumab therapy for multiple sclerosis Expert Rev Neurother 2012 12 3 335 341 22364332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones JL Phuah CL Cox AL IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) J Clin Invest 2009 119 7 2052 2061 19546505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar