Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes therapy – focus on alogliptin

References

• Whiting DR Guariguata L Weil C Shaw J IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030 Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011 94 3 311 321 22079683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Go AS Mozaffarian D Roger VL American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association Circulation 2013 127 1 e6 e245 Page 13 23239837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association Position Statement. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2013 Diabetes Care 2013 36 Suppl 1 S11 S66 23264422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inzucchi SE Bergenstal RM Buse JB American Diabetes Association (ADA) European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Diabetes Care 2012 35 6 1364 1379 22517736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvin E Bolen S Yeh HC Cardiovascular outcomes in trials of oral diabetes medications Arch Intern Med 2008 168 19 2070 2080 18955635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Esposito K Bellastella G Giugliano D When metformin fails in type 2 diabetes mellitus Arch Intern Med 2011 171 4 365 366 21357815
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giugliano D Ceriello A Esposito K HbA1c targets for type 2 diabetes: How many, …how far! Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012 96 3 414 415 21963106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colagiuri S Optimal management of type 2 diabetes: the evidence Diabetes Obes Metab 2012 14 Suppl 1 3 8 22118704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito K Chiodini P Capuano A Petrizzo M Improta MR Giugliano D Basal supplementation of insulin lispro protamine suspension versus insulin glargine and detemir for type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Diabetes Care 2012 35 12 2698 2705 23173139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giugliano D Esposito K Clinical inertia as a clinical safeguard JAMA 2011 305 15 1591 1592 21505139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito K Ceriello A Giugliano D Does personalized diabetology overcome clinical uncertainty and therapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes? EndocrineEpub Accessed March 12, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Gutniak M Ørskov C Holst JJ Ahrén B Efendic S Antidiabetic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36) amide in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 1992 326 20 1316 1322 1348845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elrick H Stimmler L Hlad CJJr Arai Y Plasma insulin response to oral and intravenous glucose administration J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1964 24 10 1076 1082 14228531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creutzfeldt W The incretin concept today Diabetologia 1979 16 2 75 85 32119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggio LL Drucker DJ Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP Gastroenterology 2007 132 6 2131 2157 17498508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle ME Egan JM Mechanisms of action of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the pancreas Pharmacol Ther 2007 113 3 549 593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drucker DJ Nauck MA The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes Lancet 2006 368 9548 1696 1705 17098089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nauck MA Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: properties, functions, and clinical implications Am J Med 2011 124 Suppl 1 S3 S18 21194578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baetta R Corsini A Pharmacology of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: similarities and differences Drugs 2011 71 11 1441 1467 21812507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon S Sitagliptin: a review of its use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus Drugs 2010 70 4 489 512 20205490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating GM Vildagliptin: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus Drugs 2010 70 16 2089 2112 20964454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumiller JJ Campbell RK Saxagliptin: a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Am J Health Syst Pharm 2010 67 18 1515 1525 20811029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott LJ Alogliptin: a review of its use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus Drugs 2010 70 15 2051 2072 20883057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott LJ Linagliptin: in type 2 diabetes mellitus Drugs 2011 71 5 611 624 21443284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheen AJ A review of gliptins in 2011 Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012 13 1 81 99 22149369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verspohl EJ Novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: incretin hormone mimetics (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors Pharmacol Ther 2009 124 1 113 138 19545590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas L Eckhardt M Langkopf E Tadayyon M Himmelsbach F Mark M (R)-8-(3-amino-piperidin-1-yl)-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-(4-methyl-quinazolin-2-ylm ethyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione (BI 1356), a novel xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, has a superior potency and longer duration of action compared with other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008 325 1 175 182 18223196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallwitz B Emerging DPP-4 inhibitors: focus on linagliptin for type 2 diabetes Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2013 6 1 9 23319869
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta V Kalra S Choosing a gliptin Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2011 15 4 298 308 22029001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Golightly LK Drayna CC McDermott MT Comparative clinical pharmacokinetics of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors Clin Pharmacokinet 2012 51 8 501 514 22686547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
  Erratum in Clin Pharmacokinet 2012 51 12 831
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard KR Shelburne JS Kirk JK Tolerability of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a review Clin Ther 2011 33 11 1609 1629 22071236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheen AJ Pharmacokinetics of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors Diabetes Obes Metab 2010 12 8 648 658 20590741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kania DS Gonzalvo JD Weber ZA Saxagliptin: a clinical review in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Clin Ther 2011 33 8 1005 1022 21802144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DX Evans M Choosing between GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors: a pharmacological perspective J Nutr Metab 2012 2012 381713 23125920
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheen AJ Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins): focus on drug–drug interactions Clin Pharmacokinet 2010 49 9 573 588 20690781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito K Cozzolino D Bellastella G Dipeptidyl pepti-dase-4 inhibitors and HbA1c target of <7% in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Diabetes Obes Metab 2011 13 7 594 603 21320267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheen AJ Charpentier G Ostgren CJ Hellqvist A Gause-Nilsson I Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in combination with metformin compared with sitagliptin in combination with metformin in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2010 26 7 540 549 20824678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeFronzo RA Fleck PR Wilson CA Mekki Q Alogliptin Study 010 Group Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Diabetes Care 2008 31 12 2315 2317 18809631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nauck MA Ellis GC Fleck PR Wilson CA Mekki Q Alogliptin Study 008 Group Efficacy and safety of adding the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Int J Clin Pract 2009 63 1 46 55 19125992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratley RE Reusch JE Fleck PR Wilson CA Mekki Q Alogliptin Study 009 Group Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl pepti-dase-4 inhibitor alogliptin added to pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Curr Med Res Opin 2009 25 10 2361 2371 19650752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratley RE Kipnes MS Fleck PR Wilson C Mekki Q Alogliptin Study 007 Group Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by glyburide monotherapy Diabetes Obes Metab 2009 11 2 167 176 19125778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seino Y Fujita T Hiroi S Hirayama M Kaku K Alogliptin plus voglibose in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label, long-term extension Curr Med Res Opin 2011 27 Suppl 3 21 29 22106975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstock J Rendell MS Gross JL Fleck PR Wilson CA Mekki Q Alogliptin added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes reduces HbA1c without causing weight gain or increased hypoglycaemia Diabetes Obes Metab 2009 11 12 1145 1152 19758359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratley RE McCall T Fleck PR Wilson CA Mekki Q Alogliptin use in elderly people: a pooled analysis from phase 2 and 3 studies J Am Geriatr Soc 2009 57 11 2011 2019 19793357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seino Y Fujita T Hiroi S Hirayama M Kaku K Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging comparison with placebo, followed by a long-term extension study Curr Med Res Opin 2011 27 9 1781 1792 21806314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaku K Itayasu T Hiroi S Hirayama M Seino Y Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label long-term extension study Diabetes Obes Metab 2011 13 11 1028 1035 21682833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeFronzo RA Burant CF Fleck P Wilson C Mekki Q Pratley RE Efficacy and tolerability of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin combined with pioglitazone, in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012 97 5 1615 1622 22419732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seino Y Miyata Y Hiroi S Hirayama M Kaku K Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label, long-term extension study Diabetes Obes Metab 2012 14 10 927 936 22583697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstock J Inzucchi SE Seufert J Fleck PR Wilson GA Mekki Q Initial combination therapy with alogliptin and pioglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 2010 33 11 2406 2408 20724648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosi E Ellis GC Wilson CA Fleck PR Alogliptin as a third oral antidiabetic drug in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on metformin and pioglitazone: a 52-week, randomized, doubleblind, active-controlled, parallel-group study Diabetes Obes Metab 2011 13 12 1088 1096 21733058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutoh E Ukai Y Alogliptin as an initial therapy in patients with newly diagnosed, drug naıve type 2 diabetes: a randomized, control trial Endocrine 2012 41 3 435 441 22249941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfine AB Assessing the cardiovascular safety of diabetes therapies N Engl J Med 2008 359 11 1092 1095 18784098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Food Drug Administration FDA announces new recommendations on evaluating cardiovascular risk in drugs intended to treat type 2 diabetes [press release] Silver Springs, MD US Food and Drug Administration 2008 12 17 Available from: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2008/ucm116994.htm Accessed April 29, 2013
   Google Scholar
• White WB Pratley R Fleck P Cardiovascular safety of the dipetidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetes Obes Metab 2013 15 7 668 673 23489301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White WB Bakris GL Bergenstal RM EXamination of CArdiovascular OutcoMes with AlogliptIN versus Standard of CarE in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Acute Coronary Syndrome (EXAMINE): a cardiovascular safety study of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes with acute coronary syndrome Am Heart J 2011 162 4 620 626 e1 21982652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumiller JJ Wood L Campbell RK Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Pharmacotherapy 2010 30 5 463 484 20411998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karagiannis T Paschos P Paletas K Matthews DR Tsapas A Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ 2012 344 e1369 22411919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikhail N Safety of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes Curr Drug Saf 2011 6 5 304 309 22424537
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amori RE Lau J Pittas AG Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis JAMA 2007 298 2 194 206 17622601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monami M Ahrén B Dicembrini I Mannucci E Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials Diabetes Obes Metab 2013 15 2 112 120 22925682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooßen K Gräber S Longer term safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis Diabetes Obes Metab 2012 14 12 1061 1072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai S Brinker A Swann J Iyasu S Sitagliptin-associated drug allergy: review of spontaneous adverse event reports Arch Intern Med 2010 170 13 1169 1171 20625027
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willemen MJ Mantel-Teeuwisse AK Straus SM Meyboom RH Egberts TC Leufkens HG Use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the reporting of infections: a disproportionality analysis in the World Health Organization VigiBase Diabetes Care 2011 34 2 369 374 21270195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noel RA Braun DK Patterson RE Bloomgren GL Increased risk of acute pancreatitis and biliary disease observed in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study Diabetes Care 2009 32 5 834 838 19208917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Food Drug Administration Information for Healthcare Professionals – Acute pancreatitis and sitagliptin (marketed as Januvia and Janumet) Silver Spring, MD US Food and Drug Administration 9 25 2009 Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProvid-ers/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/ucm183764.htm Accessed March 19, 2013
   Google Scholar
• US Food Drug Administration Byetta (exenatide); Audience: Endocrinologists, other healthcare professionals, consumers Silver Spring, MD US Food and Drug Administration [updated June 16, 2009; cited May 30, 2011]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm079781.htm Accessed June 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• US Food Drug Administration FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA investigating reports of possible increased risk of pancreatitis and pre-cancerous findings of the pancreas from incretin mimetic drugs for type 2 diabetes Silver Spring, MD US Food and Drug Administration [March 14, 2013; updated March 18, 2013]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm343187.htm Accessed June 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Singh S Chang HY Richards TM Weiner JP Clark JM Segal JB Glucagonlike peptide 1-based therapies and risk of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based matched case-control study JAMA Intern Med 2013 173 7 534 539 23440284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elashoff M Matveyenko AV Gier B Elashoff R Butler PC Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies Gastroenterology 2011 141 1 150 156 21334333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drucker DJ Sherman SI Gorelick FS Bergenstal RM Sherwin RS Buse JB Incretin-based therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evaluation of the risks and benefits Diabetes Care 2010 33 2 428 433 20103558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg MK Kharb S Pandit A Prescribing gliptins: enthusiasm should be coupled with caution Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012 16 2 324 325 22470884
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• European Medicines Agency (EMA) EMA recommends suspension of Avandia, Avandamet and Avaglim [press release] London, UK European Medicines Agency [cited May 30, 2011]. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Press_release/2010/09/WC500096996.pdf Accessed June 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Butler AE Campbell-Thompson M Gurlo T Dawson DW Atkinson M Butler PC Marked expansion of exocrine and endocrine pancreas with incretin therapy in humans with increased exocrine pancreas dysplasia and the potential for glucagon-producing neuroendocrine tumors DiabetesEpub 3 22 2013
   Google Scholar
• Kahn SE Incretin therapy and islet pathology – A time for caution DiabetesEpub 4 17 2013
   Google Scholar
• Nissen SE Wolski K Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes N Engl J Med 2007 356 24 2457 2471 17517853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bose AK Mocanu MM Carr RD Brand CL Yellon DM Glucagon-like peptide 1 can directly protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury Diabetes 2005 54 1 146 151 15616022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jose T Inzucchi SE Cardiovascular effects of the DPP-4 inhibitors Diab Vasc Dis Res 2012 9 2 109 116 22337893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadini GP Boscaro E Albiero M The oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes: possible role of stromal-derived factor-1alpha Diabetes Care 2010 33 7 1607 1609 20357375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merck TECOS: Sitagliptin Cardiovascular Outcome Study ClinicalTrialsgov [website on the Internet] Bethesda, MD US National Library of Medicine 2008 [updated August 14, 2012]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00790205. NLM identifier: NCT00790205Accessed June 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Takeda EXAMINE: Cardiovascular Outcomes Study of Alogliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome ClinicalTrialsgov [website on the Internet] Bethesda, MD US National Library of Medicine 2009 [updated June 11, 2013]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00968708. NLM identifier: NCT00968708Accessed June 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• AstraZeneca SAVOR-TIMI 53: Does Saxagliptin Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Events when Used Alone or Added to Other Diabetes Medications? ClinicalTrialsgov [website on the Internet] Bethesda, MD US National Library of Medicine 2010 [updated November 19, 2012]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01107886. NLM identifier: NCT01107886Accessed June 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals CAROLINA: Cardiovascular Outcome Study of Linagliptin Versus Glimepiride in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes ClinicalTrialsgov [website on the Internet] Bethesda, MD US National Library of Medicine 2010 [updated June 12, 2013]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01243424. NLM identifier: NCT01243424Accessed June 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Rendell M Drincic A Andukuri R Alogliptin benzoate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012 13 4 553 563 22296609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andukuri R Drincic A Rendell M Alogliptin: a new addition to the class of DPP-4 inhibitors Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2009 2 117 126 21437125
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• European Medicine Agency Summary of Product Characteristics of Vildagliptin London European Medicine Agency Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000771/WC500020327.pdf Accessed June 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• US Food Drug Administration Janumet (sitagliptin/metformin HCl) Tablets Detailed View: Safety Labeling Changes Approved By FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) – January 2008 Silver Spring, MD US Food and Drug Administration [January 2008; updated June 19, 2009]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/Safety-RelatedDrugLabelingChanges/ucm106669.htm Accessed June 18, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Kapoor S Potent antiatherosclerotic effects of alogliptin in addition to its potent antidiabetic effects Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2012 5 121 123 22654521
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eliasson B Möller-Goede D Eeg-Olofsson K Lowering of postprandial lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with alogliptin and/or pioglitazone: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study Diabetologia 2012 55 4 915 925 22237690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell S Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of direct comparisons of efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction Int J Clin Pharm 2013 35 2 159 172 23263796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies M Speight J Patient-reported outcomes in trials of incretin-based therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetes Obes Metab 2012 14 10 882 892 22420869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best JH Rubin RR Peyrot M Weight-related quality of life, health utility, psychological well-being, and satisfaction with exenatide once weekly compared with sitagliptin or pioglitazone after 26 weeks of treatment Diabetes Care 2011 34 2 314 319 21270189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irons BK Weis JM Stapleton MR Edwards KL An update in incretin-based therapy: a focus on dipeptidyl peptidase – 4 inhibitors Curr Diabetes Rev 2012 8 3 169 182 22429011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheen AJ Charpentier G Ostgren CJ Hellqvist A Gause-Nilsson I Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in combination with metformin compared with sitagliptin in combination with metformin in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2010 26 540 549 20824678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar