27
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

Advances in Research on the Effectiveness and Mechanism of Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulating Hepatic Stellate Cells Autophagy Against Hepatic Fibrosis

, , , &
Pages 2715-2727 | Received 06 Mar 2024, Accepted 10 Jun 2024, Published online: 02 Jul 2024

References

  • Kisseleva T, Brenner D. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its regression. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(3):151–166. doi:10.1038/s41575-020-00372-7
  • Man S, Deng Y, Ma Y, et al. Prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in the general population and various high-risk populations: a nationwide study with 5.7 million adults in China. Gastroenterology. 2023;165(4):1025–1040. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.053
  • Scaglione S, Kliethermes S, Cao G, et al. The epidemiology of cirrhosis in the United States: a population-based study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015;49:690–696. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000208
  • McGlynn KA, Petrick JL, London WT. Global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: an emphasis on demographic and regional variability. Clin Liver Dis. 2015;19(2):223–238. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2015.01.001
  • Hernandez-Gea V, Friedman SL. Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2011;6:425–456. doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130246
  • Levine B, Kroemer G. Biological functions of autophagy genes: a disease perspective. Cell. 2019;176:11–42. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.048
  • Mizushima N, Levine B. Autophagy in human diseases. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(16):1564–1576. doi:10.15252/embj.2021108863
  • Hung TM, Hsiao CC, Lin CW, et al. Complex cell type-specific roles of autophagy in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Pathogens. 2020;9(3):225. doi:10.3390/pathogens9030225
  • Krenkel O, Tacke F. Liver macrophages in tissue homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17(5):306–321. doi:10.1038/nri.2017.11
  • Barron L, Wynn TA. Fibrosis is regulated by Th2 and Th17 responses and by dynamic interactions between fibroblasts and macrophages. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;300(5):G723–G728. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00414.2010
  • Parola M, Pinzani M. Liver fibrosis: pathophysiology, pathogenetic targets and clinical issues. Mol Aspects Med. 2019;65:37–55. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2018.09.002
  • Friedman SL. Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver. Physiol Rev. 2008;88:125–172. doi:10.1152/physrev.00013.2007
  • Tsuchida T, Friedman SL. Mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(7):397–411. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.38
  • Roehlen N, Crouchet E, Baumert TF. Liver fibrosis: mechanistic concepts and therapeutic perspectives. Cells. 2020;9(4):875. doi:10.3390/cells9040875
  • Hernández-Gea V, Ghiassi-Nejad Z, Rozenfeld R, et al. Autophagy releases lipid that promotes fibrogenesis by activated hepatic stellate cells in mice and in human tissues. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(4):938–946. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.044
  • Hong Y, Li S, Wang J, et al. In vitro inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation by the autophagy-related lipid droplet protein ATG2A. Sci Rep. 2018;8:9232. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27686-6
  • Wang Z, Tao Y, Qiu T, et al. Taurine protected As₂O₃-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells through inhibiting PPARα-autophagy pathway. Chem Biol Interact. 2019;300:123–130. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.019
  • Deng J, Huang Q, Wang Y, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha regulates autophagy to activate hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;454:328–334. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.076
  • Huang TJ, Ren JJ, Zhang QQ, et al. IGFBPrP1 accelerates autophagy and activation of hepatic stellate cells via mutual regulation between H19 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;116:109034. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109034
  • Yang R, Hu Z, Zhang P, et al. Probucol ameliorates hepatic stellate cell activation and autophagy is associated with farnesoid X receptor. J Pharmacol Sci. 2019;139:120–128. doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2018.12.005
  • Li J, Zeng C, Zheng B, et al. HMGB1-induced autophagy facilitates hepatic stellate cells activation: a new pathway in liver fibrosis. Clin Sci. 2018;132(15):1645–1667.
  • Zhang J, Ping J, Jiang N, et al. Resveratrol inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation by regulating autophagy and apoptosis through the SIRT1 and JNK signaling pathways. J Food Biochem. 2022;46(12):e14463. doi:10.1111/jfbc.14463
  • Seo H-Y, Jang B-K, Jung Y-A, et al. Phospholipase D1 decreases type I collagen levels in hepatic stellate cells via induction of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;449:38–43. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.149
  • Gao J, Wei B, de Assuncao TM, et al. Hepatic stellate cell autophagy inhibits extracellular vesicle release to attenuate liver fibrosis. J Hepatol. 2020;73:1144–1154. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.044
  • Zhang XW, Zhou JC, Peng D, et al. Disrupting the TRIB3-SQSTM1 interaction reduces liver fibrosis by restoring autophagy and suppressing exosome-mediated HSC activation. Autophagy. 2020;16:782–796. doi:10.1080/15548627.2019.1635383
  • Lee JH, Jang EJ, Seo HL, et al. Sauchinone attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation through TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact. 2014;224:58–67. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.005
  • Kataoka S, Umemura A, Okuda K, et al. Honokiol acts as a potent anti-fibrotic agent in the liver through inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signaling and autophagy in hepatic stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(24):13354. doi:10.3390/ijms222413354
  • Liu X, Mi X, Wang Z, et al. Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes regression from hepatic fibrosis through reducing inflammation-mediated autophagy signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11(6):454. doi:10.1038/s41419-020-2597-7
  • He Z, Chen S, Pan T, et al. Ginsenoside Rg2 ameliorating CDAHFD-induced hepatic fibrosis by regulating AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy. J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70:(6)1911–1922. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07578
  • Chen Y, Que R, Zhang N, et al. Saikosaponin-d alleviates hepatic fibrosis through regulating GPER1/autophagy signaling. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48(12):7853–7863. doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06807-x
  • Jiang N, Zhang J, Ping J, et al. Salvianolic acid B inhibits autophagy and activation of hepatic stellate cells induced by TGF-β1 by downregulating the MAPK pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:938856. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.938856
  • Yuehao Tan, Can Li, Fengmei Deng, et al. Berberine relieves liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting autophagy of hepatic stellate cells. J Chengdu Med Coll. 2023;18(01):33–38. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2257.2023.01.007
  • Park YJ, Kim DM, Choi HB, et al. Dendropanoxide, a triterpenoid from Dendropanax morbifera, ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting activation of hepatic stellate cells through autophagy inhibition. Nutrient. 2021;14(1):98. doi:10.3390/nu14010098
  • Miyamae Y, Nishito Y, Nakai N,et al. Tetrandrine induces lipid accumulation through blockade of autophagy in a hepatic stellate cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016;477(1):40–46. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.018
  • Ma ZH, Zhang JY, Yang L, et al. Oxymatrine inhibits hepatic stellate cell (HSC) autophagy during HSC activation induced by arsenic. Chinese J Pathophysiol. 2019;35(09):1662–1667. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2019.09.020
  • Yu Z, Jv Y, Cai L, et al. Gambogic acid attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways via inhibiting HSP90. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019;371:63–73. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.028
  • Sun S, Li Z, Huan S, et al. Modification of lysine deacetylation regulates curcumol-induced necroptosis through autophagy in hepatic stellate cells. Phytother Res. 2022;36(6):2660–2676. doi:10.1002/ptr.7483
  • Zheng Y, Zhao T, Wang J, et al. Curcumol alleviates liver fibrosis through inducing autophagy and ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells. FASEB J. 2022;36(12):e22665. doi:10.1096/fj.202200933RR
  • Zhang Z, Yao Z, Zhao S, et al. Interaction between autophagy and senescence is required for dihydroartemisinin to alleviate liver fibrosis. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8(6): e2886. doi:10.1038/cddis.2017.255
  • Shen M, Guo M, Li Y, et al. m6A methylation is required for dihydroartemisinin to alleviate liver fibrosis by inducing ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2022;182:246–259. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.028
  • Kong Z, Liu R, Cheng Y, et al. Artesunate alleviates liver fibrosis by regulating ferroptosis signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;109:2043–2053. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.030
  • Hu Z, Su H, Zeng Y, et al. Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates hepatic fibrosis through autophagy-mediated inflammation. Biochem Cell Biol. 2020;98(3):327–337. doi:10.1139/bcb-2019-0059
  • Chen W, Zhang Z, Yao Z, et al. Activation of autophagy is required for Oroxylin A to alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;56:148–155. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.029
  • Ma JQ, Sun YZ, Ming QL, et al. Ampelopsin attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation associated with the SIRT1/TGF-β1/Smad3 and autophagy pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;77:105984. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105984
  • Yang N, Dang S, Shi J, et al. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester attenuates liver fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and induction of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017;486(1):22–28. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.057
  • He C, Klionsky DJ. Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy. Annu Rev Genet. 2009;43:67–93. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
  • Parzych KR, Klionsky DJ. An overview of autophagy: morphology, mechanism, and regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20(3):460–473. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5371
  • Glick D, Barth S, Macleod KF. Autophagy: cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Pathol. 2010;221(1):3–12. doi:10.1002/path.2697
  • Xie Z, Klionsky DJ. Autophagosome formation: core machinery and adaptations. Nat Cell Biol. 2007;9(10):1102–1109. doi:10.1038/ncb1007-1102
  • Sabatini DM. mTOR and cancer: insights into a complex relationship. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6(9):729–734. doi:10.1038/nrc1974
  • Peng D, Fu M, Wang M, et al. Targeting TGF-β signal transduction for fibrosis and cancer therapy. Mol Cancer. 2022;21(1):104. doi:10.1186/s12943-022-01569-x
  • Siapoush S, Rezaei R, Alavifard H, et al. Therapeutic implications of targeting autophagy and TGF-β crosstalk for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Life Sci. 2023;329:121894. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121894
  • Zhang J, Jiang N, Ping J, et al. TGF β1 induced autophagy activates hepatic stellate cells via the ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med. 2021;47(1):256–266. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4778
  • Inagaki Y, Okazaki I. Emerging insights into Transforming growth factor beta Smad signal in hepatic fibrogenesis. Gut. 2007;56(2):284–292. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.088690103
  • Chen M, Liu J, Yang L, et al. AMP-activated protein kinase regulates lipid metabolism and the fibrotic phenotype of hepatic stellate cells through inhibition of autophagy. FEBS Open Bio. 2017;7(6):811–820. doi:10.1002/2211-5463.12221
  • Feng J, Chen K, Xia Y, et al. Salidroside ameliorates autophagy and activation of hepatic stellate cells in mice via NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:1837–1853. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S162950
  • Tong H, Yin H, Hossain MA, et al. Starvation-induced autophagy promotes the invasion and migration of human bladder cancer cells via TGF-β1/ Smad3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition activation. J Cell Biochem. 2019;120(4):5118–5127. doi:10.1002/jcb.27788
  • Paquette M, El-Houjeiri L, Pause A, et al. mTOR pathways in cancer and autophagy. Cancers. 2018;10(1):18. doi:10.3390/cancers10010018
  • Zhao F, Wang J, Lu He, et al. Neuroprotection by walnut-derived peptides through autophagy promotion via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway against oxidative stress in PC12 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2020;68:11 3638–3648. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08252
  • Vucicevic L, Misirkic M, Janjetovic K, et al. Compound C induces protective autophagy in cancer cells through AMPK inhibition-independent blockade of Akt/mTOR pathway. Autophagy. 2011;7(1):40–50. doi:10.4161/auto.7.1.13883
  • Prossnitz ER, Barton M. Estrogen biology: new insights into GPER function and clinical opportunities. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014;389(1–2):71–83. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.02.002
  • Pei H, Wang W, Zhao D, et al. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via the regulation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling and autophagy. Int J Biol Sci. 2019;15(1):81–92. doi:10.7150/ijbs.28304
  • McCarty MF, Barroso-Aranda J, Contreras F. Genistein and phycocyanobilin may prevent hepatic fibrosis by suppressing proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells. Med Hypotheses. 2009;72(3):330–332. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.07.045
  • Shao C, Xu H, Sun X, et al. New perspectives on Chinese medicine in treating hepatic fibrosis: lipid droplets in hepatic stellate cells. Am J Chin Med. 2023;51(6): 1413–1429. doi:10.1142/S0192415X23500647
  • Thoen LFR, Guimarães ELM, Dollé L, et al. A role for autophagy during hepatic stellate cell activation. J Hepatol. 2011;55:1353–1360. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.07.010
  • Hernández-Gea V, Friedman SL. Autophagy fuels tissue fibrogenesis. Autophagy. 2012;8(5):849–850. doi:10.4161/auto.19947
  • Kamm DR, McCommis KS. Hepatic stellate cells in physiology and pathology. J Physiol. 2022;600(8):1825–1837. doi:10.1113/JP281061
  • Krizhanovsky V, Yon M, Dickins RA, et al. Senescence of activated stellate cells limits liver fibrosis. Cell. 2008;134(4):657–667. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.049
  • Xiang X, Gao J, Su D, et al. The advancements in targets for ferroptosis in liver diseases. Front Med. 2023;10:1084479. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1084479
  • Gao M, Monian P, Pan Q, et al. Ferroptosis is an autophagic cell death process. Cell Res. 2016;26(9):1021–1032. doi:10.1038/cr.2016.95
  • Seki E, Schwabe RF. Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis: functional links and key pathways. Hepatology. 2015;61(3):1066–1079. doi:10.1002/hep.27332
  • Wang K. Autophagy and apoptosis in liver injury. Cell Cycle. 2015;14(11):1631–1642. doi:10.1080/15384101.2015.1038685
  • Levine B, Kroemer G. Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease. Cell. 2008;132(1):27–42. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.018
  • Iredale JP, Benyon RC, Pickering J, et al. Mechanisms of spontaneous resolution of rat liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and reduced hepatic expression of metalloproteinase inhibitors. J Clin Invest. 1998;102(3):538–549. doi:10.1172/JCI1018
  • Kisseleva T, Cong M, Paik Y, et al. Myofibroblasts revert to an inactive phenotype during regression of liver fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109(24):9448–9453. doi:10.1073/pnas.1201840109
  • Galluzzi L, Vicencio JM, Kepp O, et al. To die or not to die: that is the autophagic question. Curr Mol Med. 2008;8(2):78–91. doi:10.2174/156652408783769616
  • Reimers K, Choi CY, Bucan V, et al. The Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1) family in apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Curr Mol Med. 2008;8(2):148–156. doi:10.2174/156652408783769562
  • Higashi T, Friedman SL, Hoshida Y. Hepatic stellate cells as key target in liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017;121:27–42. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.007