Epidemiology of Preventable Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) Among Hospitalized Children at KAMC-Jeddah: a Single-Institution Observation Study

References

• Nebeker JR, Barach P, Samore MH. Clarifying adverse drug events: a clinician’s guide to terminology, documentation, and reporting. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:795–801. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-0000915148066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards IR, Aronson JK. Adverse drug reactions: definitions, diagnosis, and management. Lancet. 2000;356:1255–1259. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02799-911072960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatz SN, Weber RJ Adverse drug reactions. ACCP (American College of Clinical Pharmacy). CNS/Pharmacy Practice, PSAP; 2015 Available from: https://www.accp.com/docs/bookstore/psap/2015B2.SampleChapter.pdf., Accessed 33, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Leape LL. Preventing adverse drug events. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995;52(4):379–382. doi:10.1093/ajhp/52.4.3797757863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NCCMERP. National coordinating council for medication error reporting and prevention, about medication errors: what is a medication error? Available from: http://www.nccmerp.org/aboutMedErrors.html. Accessed 303, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE). 2017 Available from: http://www.pcne.org/working-groups/2/drug-related-problem-classification. Accessed 426, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Strand LM, Morley PC, Cipolle RJ, Ramsey R, Lamsam GD. Drug-related problems: their structure and function. DICP. 1990;24:1093–1097. doi:10.1177/1060028090024011142275235
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westerlund T, Marklund B. Assessment of the clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacy interventions in drug-related problems. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2009;34:319–327. doi:10.1111/jcp.2009.34.issue-319646078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easton KL, Chapman CB, Brien J-AE. Frequency and characteristics of hospital admissions associated with drug-related problems in paediatrics. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;57:611–615. doi:10.1111/bcp.2004.57.issue-515089814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angamo MT, Curtain CM, Chalmers L, et al. Predictors of adverse drug reaction-related hospitalisation in Southwest Ethiopia: a prospective cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0186631. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.018663129036230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalisch LM, Caughey GE, Barratt JD, et al. Prevalence of preventable medication-related hospitalizations in Australia: an opportunity to reduce harm. Int J Qual Health Care. 2012;24:239–249. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzs01522495574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runciman WB, et al. Adverse drug events and medication errors in Australia. Int J Qual Health Care. 2003;15:i49–i59. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzg08514660523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh H, Kumar BN, Sinha T, Dulhani N. The incidence and nature of drug-related hospital admission: a 6-month observational study in a tertiary health care hospital. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2011;2:17–20. doi:10.4103/0976-500X.7709521701641
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pedrós C, Quintana B, Rebolledo M, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and main features of adverse drug reactions leading to hospital admission. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;70:361–367. doi:10.1007/s00228-013-1630-524362489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbina O, Ferrández O, Grau S, et al. Design of a score to identify hospitalized patients at risk of drug-related problems. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2014;23:923–932. doi:10.1002/pds.v23.924817497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taketomo CK, Hodding JH, Kraus DM. Pediatric Dosage Handbook: Including Neonatal Dosing, Drug Administration, & Extemporaneous Preparations. 17th ed. Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp Inc; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• BNF for Children. British National Formulary for Children. London: British Medical Association, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, and the Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Arcara KM, Tschudy MM. The Harriet Lane Handbook: A Manual for Pediatric House Officers. 19th ed ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Wong IC, Wong LY, Cranswick NE. Minimising medication errors in children. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94(2):161–164. doi:10.1136/adc.2007.11644218829622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standing JF, Tuleu C. Paediatric formulations–getting to the heart of the problem. Int J Pharm. 2005;300(1–2):56–66. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.00615979830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dormann H, Muth-Selbach U, Krebs S, et al. Incidence and costs of adverse drug reactions during hospitalisation: computerised monitoring versus stimulated spontaneous reporting. Drug Saf. 2000;22(2):161–168. doi:10.2165/00002018-200022020-0000710672897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdsworth MT, Fichtl RE, Behta M, et al. Incidence and impact of adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(1):60–65. doi:10.1001/archpedi.157.1.6012517196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zargarzadeh AH, Emami MH, Hosseini F. Drug related hospital admissions in a generic pharmaceutical system. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;34(5–6):494–498. doi:10.1111/cep.2007.34.issue-5-617439421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radley DC, Wasserman MR, Olsho LE, et al. Reduction in medication errors in hospital due to adaption of computerized provider order entry systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2013;20(3):470–476. doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-00124123425440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekhjian HS, Kumar RR, Kuehn L, et al. Immediate benefits realized following implementation of physician order entry at an academic medical center. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2002;9(5):529–539. doi:10.1197/jamia.M103812223505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammenwerth E, Schnell-Inderst P, Machan C, Siebert U. The effect of electronic prescribing on medication errors and adverse drug events: a systemic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2008;15(5):585–600. doi:10.1197/jamia.M266718579832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortescue EB, Kaushal R, Landrigan CP, et al. Prioritizing strategies for preventing medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Pediatrics. 2003;111(4 Pt 1):722–729. doi:10.1542/peds.111.4.72212671103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates DW, Leape LL, Cullen DJ, et al. Effect of computerized physician order entry and a team intervention on prevention of serious medication errors. JAMA. 1998;280(15):1311–1316. doi:10.1001/jama.280.15.13119794308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashed AN, Neubert A, Tomlin S, et al. Epidemiology and potential associated risk factors of drug-related problems in hospitalised children in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;68(12):1657–1666. doi:10.1007/s00228-012-1302-x22644343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashed AN, Neubert A, Alhamdan H, et al. Drug-related problems found in children attending an emergency department in Saudi Arabia and in the United Kingdom. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013;35(3):327–331. doi:10.1007/s11096-013-9758-z23549774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlAzmi A, AlHamdan H, Ahmed O, et al. Impact of the e‐prescribing system on the incidence and nature of drug‐related problems in children in a Saudi hospital. Int J Pharm Pract. 2019. doi:10.1111/ijpp.12548
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Morabet N, Uitvlugt EB, van den Bemt BJF, et al. Prevalence and preventability of drug-related hospital readmissions: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66(3):602–608. doi:10.1111/jgs.1524429468640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morimoto T, Gandhi TK, Seger AC, et al. Adverse drug events and medication errors: detection and classification methods. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004;13(4):306–314. doi:10.1136/qshc.2004.01061115289635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaushal R, Bates DW, Landrigan C, et al. Medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. JAMA. 2001;285:2114–2120. doi:10.1001/jama.285.16.211411311101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashed AN, Wilton L, Lo CC, et al. Epidemiology and potential risk factors of drug-related problems in Hong Kong paediatric wards. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;77(5):873–879. doi:10.1111/bcp.1227024868576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aseeri MA. The impact of a pediatric antibiotic standard dosing table on dosing errors. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2013;18(3):220–226. doi:10.5863/1551-6776-18.3.22024052785
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rashed AN, Wong IC, Cranswick N, et al. Adverse drug reactions in children – international surveillance and evaluation (ADVISE): a multicentre cohort study. Drug Saf. 2012;35:481–494. doi:10.2165/11597920-000000000-0000022612852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyen E, Camire E, Stelfox HT. Clinical review: medication errors in critical care. Crit Care. 2008;12(2):208. doi:10.1186/cc681318373883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICH Guideline: International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Guideline. E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Paediatric Population. London, UK: European Medicines Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA); 2001 Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2017/10/WC500236218.pdf. Accessed 826, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed MEBK. Drug-associated admissions to a district hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1997;22(1):61–66. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.1997.8375083.x9292405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Olah YH, Al-Thiab KM. Admissions through the emergency department due to drug-related problems. Ann Saudi Med. 2008;28(6):426–429. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2008.42619011316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaleb MA, Barber N, Franklin BD, Wong ICK. The incidence and nature of prescribing and medication administration errors in paediatric inpatients. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95:113–118. doi:10.1136/adc.2009.15848520133327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean B, Schachter M, Vincent C, Barber N. Prescribing errors in hospital inpatients: their incidence and clinical significance. Qual Saf Health Care. 2002;11:340–344. doi:10.1136/qhc.11.4.34012468694
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schumock GT, Thornton JP. Focusing on the preventability of adverse drug reactions. Hosp Pharm. 1992;27:538.10118597
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dean BS, Barber ND. A validated, reliable method of scoring the severity of medication errors. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999;56:57–62. doi:10.1093/ajhp/56.1.5710048880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Classification of Diseases Version 10. Available from: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/. Accessed 1122, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• WHO Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification. Available from: http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/. Accessed 825, 2019.
   Google Scholar