References
- Thomas S, Beh L, Nordin RB. Health care delivery in Malaysia: changes, challenges and champions. J Public Health Afr. 2011;2:e23. doi:10.4081/jphia.2011.e23
- Siti Z, Tahir A, Farah AI, et al. Use of traditional and complementary medicine in Malaysia: a baseline study. Complementary Ther Med. 2009;17:292–299. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2009.04.002
- Mitha S, Nagarajan V, Babar M, Siddiqui MJA, Jamshed SQ. Reasons of using complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) among elderly Malaysians of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor states: an exploratory study. J Young Pharm. 2013;5(2):50–53. doi:10.1016/j.jyp.2013.05.002
- Silvanathan S, Low BS. Current public awareness on the safety of traditional and complementary medicines (T&CM) in Malaysia. Eur J Integr Med. 2014;7:184–189. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2014.12.003
- Reepmeyer JC, Woodruff JT. Use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and a chemical cleavage reaction for the structure elucidation of a new sildenafil analogue detected as an adulterant in an herbal dietary supplement. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2007;44:887–893. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2007.04.011
- De Carvalho LM, Martini M, Moreira APL, et al. Presence of synthetic pharmaceuticals as adulterants in slimming phytotherapeutic formulations and their analytical determination. For Sci Int. 2011;204:6–12.
- Majun Burung Unta: amaran Kepada Orang Awam Mengenai Pengambilan Produk Tidak Berdaftar (National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency); 2014. Available from: npra.gov.my. Accessed February 8, 2021.
- Laws of Malaysia Act 366. Poison Act 1952; 1989.
- Wei JX, Wang J, Zhu YX, Sun J, Xu HM, Li M. Traditional Chinese medicine pharmacovigilance in signal detection: decision tree-based data classification. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2018;18:19. doi:10.1186/s12911-018-0599-5
- Yongyang X, Danhui Y, Mingyan X. Quantitative pharmacovigilance modelling for TCM injections adverse event reporting. J Pharmacovigilance. 2014;2:2.
- National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency. Drug Registration Guidance Document. Second Edition. Malaysia; 2016. Available from:https://www.npra.gov.my/index.php/en/drug-registration-guidance-documents-drgd-e-book. Accessed February 8, 2021.
- van Puijenbroek EP, Bate A, Leufkens HGM, Lindquist M, Orre R, Egberts ACG. A comparison of measures of disproportionality for signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems for adverse drug reactions. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2002;11:3–10. doi:10.1002/pds.668
- Wechwithan S, Suwankesawong W, Sornsrivichai V, McNeil EB, Jiraphongsa C, Chongsuvivatwong V. Signal detection for Thai traditional medicine: examination of national pharmacovigilance data using reporting odds ratio and reported population attributable risk. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014;70:407–412. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.007
- Park HJ, Cho SH, Lee JH, et al. Screening for Corticosteroid Adulterants in Korean Herbal Medicines. J for Sci. 2016;61:226–229.
- Peltzer K. Utilization and Practice of Traditional/Complementary/Alternative Medicine (TM/CAM) In South Africa. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2009;6:175–185.
- James WP, Caterson ID, Coutinho W, et al.; Renz CL SCOUT Investigators. Effect of sibutramine on cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:905–917. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1003114
- Institute for Public Health (IPH). National health and morbidity survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). Vol. II: non-communicable diseases, risk factors & other health problems. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2015. ISBN 978-983-2387-23-7.
- Alonso-Castro AJ, Ruiz-Padilla AJ, Ramírez-Morales MA, et al. Self-treatment with herbal products for weight-loss among overweight and obese subjects from central Mexico. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;24:21–26. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.003
- Hassali M, Saleem F, Aljadhey H, Khan T. Evaluating the content of advertisements for dietary supplements in Malaysian women’s magazines. Drug Info J. 2012;46:723–728. doi:10.1177/0092861512457777
- Wired. Dietary supplements can contain viagra, steroids, or worse. United States of America; 2018. Available from: https://www.wired.com/story/dietary-supplements-can-contain-viagra-steroids-or-worse/. Accessed February 8, 2021.
- Adulteration in Traditional Medicine Products. MyHealth, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Adulteration in traditional medicine products - PORTAL MyHEALTH; 2017. Accessed February 8, 2021.
- Irfan M, Hussain NHN, Noor NM, Mohamed M, Sidi H, Ismail SB. Epidemiology of male sexual dysfunction in Asian and European regions: a systematic review. Am J Men’s Health. 2020;14(4):1–40. doi:10.1177/1557988320937200
- García-Cortés M, Stephens C, Lucena MI, Fernández-Castañer A, Andrade RJ. Causality assessment methods in drug induced liver injury: strengths and weaknesses. J Hepatol. 2011;55(3):683–691. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.007
- Wahab IA, Pratt NL, Kalisch LM, Roughead EE. Sequence symmetry analysis and disproportionality analyses: what percentage of adverse drug reaction do they signal? Adv Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013;2(4):1–5.
- Tang L, Lee AH, Binns CW, Hui YV, Yau KKW. Consumption of Chinese herbal medicines during pregnancy and postpartum: a prospective cohort study in China. Midwifery. 2016;34:205–210. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2015.11.010
- Ting CY, Ting H, Soh YC, Aaj AH, Lee KS. Awareness of custom officers on counterfeit pharmaceutical products and the roles of pharmacy enforcement officers. J Young Pharm. 2017;9:258–262. doi:10.5530/jyp.2017.9.50
- Enioutina EY, Salis ER, Job KM, Gubarev MI, Krepkova LV, Sherwin CM. Herbal Medicines: challenges in the modern world. Status and current directions of complementary and alternative herbal medicine worldwide. Exp Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017;10:327–338.
- National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA)/ FAQ/ Product Registration. Available from: http://npra.moh.gov.my/index.php/faq/product-registration. Accessed February 8, 2021.
- Sadgrove NJ. Honest nutraceuticals, cosmetics, therapies, and foods (NCTFs): standardization and safety of natural products, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition; 2021:1–16.