Assessment of Medication Prescribing Pattern in COVID-19 Admitted Patients by Using WHO Prescribing Indicators at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

References

• World Health Organization. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). World Health Organization; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Guan W-J, Ni Z-Y, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708–1720. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gezmu T, Regassa B, Manilal A, Mama M, Merdekios B. Prevalence, diversity and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from the UTI patients of Arba Minch Province, southern Ethiopia. Transl Biomed. 2016;7(3):81. doi:10.21767/2172-0479.100081
   Google Scholar
• Zelalem A, Sisay M, Vipham JL, Abegaz K, Kebede A, Terefe Y. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial isolates from meat and meat products in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Food Contam. 2019;6(1):1–14. doi:10.1186/s40550-019-0071-z
   Google Scholar
• Eshetie TC, Hailemeskel B, Mekonnen N, Paulos G, Mekonnen AB, Girma T. Adverse drug events in hospitalized children at Ethiopian University Hospital: a prospective observational study. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0401-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020;109:102433. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagens A, Sigfrid L, Cai E, et al. Scope, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced early in the covid-19 pandemic: rapid review. BMJ. 2020;369. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1936
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pulia MS, Wolf I, Schwei RJ, et al. PhD Antibiotic prescribing patterns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in two emergency departments with rapid procalcitonin. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2021;42(3):359–361. doi:10.1017/ice.2020.1329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawson TM, Moore LS, Zhu N, et al. Bacterial and fungal coinfection in individuals with coronavirus: a rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(9):2459–2468. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe JH, Kwon J, Nan B, Abeles SR, Jia S, Mehta SR. Medication use patterns in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in California during the pandemic. JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(5):e2110775. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Clinical Management of COVID-19: Interim Guidance. World Health Organization; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Beović B, Doušak M, Ferreira-Coimbra J, et al. Antibiotic use in patients with COVID-19: a ‘snapshot’ Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI) survey. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;75(11):3386–3390. doi:10.1093/jac/dkaa326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed H, Oljira L, Roba KT, Yimer G, Fekadu A, Manyazewal T. Containment of COVID-19 in Ethiopia and implications for tuberculosis care and research. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00753-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clancy CJ, Nguyen MH. Coronavirus disease 2019, superinfections, and antimicrobial development: what can we expect? Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(10):2736–2743. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao J, Hu X, Cheng W, Yu L, Tu W-J, Liu Q. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 18 patients with Corona virus disease 2019 in intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(5):851–853. doi:10.1007/s00134-020-05987-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockman LJ, Bellamy R, Garner P, Low D. SARS: systematic review of treatment effects. PLoS Med. 2006;3(9):e343. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):475–481. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lansbury L, Rodrigo C, Leonardi-Bee J, Nguyen-van-tam J, Lim W. Cochrane acute respiratory infections group, Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza. Cochrane Data Syst Rev. 2019;2(2). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010406.pub3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arabi YM, Mandourah Y, Al-Hameed F, et al. Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;197(6):757–767. doi:10.1164/rccm.201706-1172OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariam AH, Raghavendra Y, Bobasa EM. Evaluating rational drug use with the help of World Health Organization’s core indicators in Bule Hora Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: güney Etiyopya Bule Hora Hastanesinde Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün temel göstergeleri yardımıyla akılcı ilaç kullanımı değerlendirilmesi. Eur J Ther. 2015;21(2):108–113.
   Google Scholar
• Wang D, Hu B, Hu C. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061–1069. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laychiluh B. Assessment of drug prescription practice using WHO prescribing indicators in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH) outpatient department, North, Ethiopia. Int J Pharm. 2014;4(3):89–94.
   Google Scholar
• Assen A, Abrha S. Assessment of drug prescribing pattern in Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2014;5(11):777–781.
   Google Scholar
• Sisay M, Abdela J, Kano Z, Araya M, Chemdi M, Fiseha A. Drug prescribing and dispensing practices in tertiary care hospital of eastern Ethiopia: evaluation with world health organization core prescribing and patient care indicators. Clin Exp Pharmacol. 2017;7(03):1–8. doi:10.4172/2161-1459.1000238
   Google Scholar
• Desalegn AA. Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13(1):1–6. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamuno I, Fadare JO. Drug prescription pattern in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Trop J Pharm Res. 2012;11(1):146–152. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v11i1.19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pathak A, Gupta VK, Maurya A, Kumar A, Singh A. Assessment of drug prescribing pattern using WHO indicators in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural area of India. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2016;5(3):651–655. doi:10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20160983
   Google Scholar