Novel biomarkers for prediabetes, diabetes, and associated complications

References

• Centers for Disease Control National Diabetes Statistics Report: Estimates of Diabetes and its Burden in the United States Atlanta, GA U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2014
   Google Scholar
• International Diabetes Federation IDF Diabetes Atlas 7th ed Brussels, Belgium International Diabetes Federation 2015
   Google Scholar
• Bansal N Prediabetes diagnosis and treatment: a review World J Diabetes 2015 6 2 296 303 25789110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn SE The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes Diabetologia 2003 46 1 3 19 12637977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong Q Gregg EW Wang J Long-term effects of a randomised trial of a 6-year lifestyle intervention in impaired glucose tolerance on diabetes-related microvascular complications: the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study Diabetologia 2011 54 2 300 307 21046360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li G Zhang P Wang J Cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and diabetes incidence after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance in the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 23-year follow-up study Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014 2 6 474 480 24731674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomilehto J Lindström J Eriksson JG Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance N Engl J Med 2001 344 18 1343 1350 11333990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindström J Louheranta A Mannelin M Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS): lifestyle intervention and 3-year results on diet and physical activity Diabetes Care 2003 26 12 3230 3236 14633807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group Knowler WC Fowler SE Hamman RF 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study Lancet 2009 374 9702 1677 1686 19878986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjöström CD Lissner L Wedel H Sjöström L Reduction in incidence of diabetes, hypertension and lipid disturbances after intentional weight loss induced by bariatric surgery: the SOS Intervention Study Obes Res 1999 7 5 477 484 10509605
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdul-Ghani MA Tripathy D DeFronzo RA Contributions of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose Diabetes Care 2006 29 5 1130 1139 16644654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdul-Ghani MA Jenkinson CP Richardson DK Tripathy D DeFronzo RA Insulin secretion and action in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: results from the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study Diabetes 2006 55 5 1430 1435 16644701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festa A D’Agostino RJr Hanley AJ Karter AJ Saad MF Haffner SM Differences in insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects with isolated impaired glucose tolerance or isolated impaired fasting glucose Diabetes 2004 53 6 1549 1555 15161760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014 Diabetes Care 2014 37 Suppl 1 S14 S80 24357209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association (2). Classification and diagnosis of diabetes Diabetes Care 2015 38 Suppl 1 S8 S16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia 2006 Geneva World Health Organization 2013
   Google Scholar
• Bookchin RM Gallop PM Structure of hemoglobin AIc: nature of the N-terminal beta chain blocking group Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1968 32 1 86 93 4874776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfister R Sharp SJ Luben R Khaw KT Wareham NJ No evidence of an increased mortality risk associated with low levels of glycated haemoglobin in a non-diabetic UK population Diabetologia 2011 54 8 2025 2032 21584793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White NH Sun W Cleary PA DCCT-EDIC Research Group Effect of prior intensive therapy in type 1 diabetes on 10-year progression of retinopathy in the DCCT/EDIC: comparison of adults and adolescents Diabetes 2010 59 5 1244 1253 20150283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group Nathan DM Genuth S Lachin J The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 1993 329 14 977 986 8366922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratton IM Adler AI Neil HA Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study BMJ 2000 321 7258 405 412 10938048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus Diabetes Care 1997 20 7 1183 1197 9203460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonora E Tuomilehto J The pros and cons of diagnosing diabetes with A1C Diabetes Care 2011 34 Suppl 2 S184 S190 21525453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson DE Rhee MK Herrick K Ziemer DC Twombly JG Phillips LS Screening for diabetes and pre-diabetes with proposed A1C-based diagnostic criteria Diabetes Care 2010 33 10 2184 2189 20639452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenzo C Wagenknecht LE Hanley AJ Rewers MJ Karter AJ Haffner SM A1C between 5.7 and 6.4% as a marker for identifying pre-diabetes, insulin sensitivity and secretion, and cardiovascular risk factors: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Diabetes Care 2010 33 9 2104 2109 20573754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou X Pang Z Gao W Performance of an A1C and fasting capillary blood glucose test for screening newly diagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes defined by an oral glucose tolerance test in Qingdao, China Diabetes Care 2010 33 3 545 550 20007941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James C Bullard KM Rolka DB Implications of alternative definitions of prediabetes for prevalence in U.S. adults Diabetes Care 2011 34 2 387 391 21270196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo F Moellering DR Garvey WT Use of HbA1c for diagnoses of diabetes and prediabetes: comparison with diagnoses based on fasting and 2-hr glucose values and effects of gender, race, and age Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014 12 5 258 268 24512556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkani S Mordes JP Implications of using hemoglobin A1C for diagnosing diabetes mellitus Am J Med 2011 124 5 395 401 21531226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen DL Witte DR Kaduka L Moving to an A1C-based diagnosis of diabetes has a different impact on prevalence in different ethnic groups Diabetes Care 2010 33 3 580 582 20009099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman WH Ma Y Uwaifo G Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group Differences in A1C by race and ethnicity among patients with impaired glucose tolerance in the Diabetes Prevention Program Diabetes Care 2007 30 10 2453 2457 17536077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J Ma H Na L Increased hemoglobin A1c threshold for pre-diabetes remarkably improving the agreement between A1c and oral glucose tolerance test criteria in obese population J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 100 5 1997 2005 25751104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pani LN Korenda L Meigs JB Effect of aging on A1C levels in individuals without diabetes: evidence from the Framingham Offspring Study and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004 Diabetes Care 2008 31 10 1991 1996 18628569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman WH Do race and ethnicity impact hemoglobin A1c independent of glycemia? J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009 3 4 656 660 20144308
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sacks DB Bruns DE Goldstein DE Maclaren NK McDonald JM Parrott M Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus Clin Chem 2002 48 3 436 472 11861436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radin MS Pitfalls in hemoglobin A1c measurement: when results may be misleading J Gen Intern Med 2014 29 2 388 394 24002631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JE Alternative biomarkers for assessing glycemic control in diabetes: fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015 20 2 74 78 26191510
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malmström H Walldius G Grill V Jungner I Gudbjörnsdottir S Hammar N Fructosamine is a useful indicator of hyperglycaemia and glucose control in clinical and epidemiological studies–cross-sectional and longitudinal experience from the AMORIS cohort PLoS One 2014 9 10 e111463 25353659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bry L Chen PC Sacks DB Effects of hemoglobin variants and chemically modified derivatives on assays for glycohemoglobin Clin Chem 2001 47 2 153 163 11159762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks DB Arnold M Bakris GL Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus Clin Chem 2011 57 6 e1 e47 21617152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro RT Macedo MP Raposo JF HbA1c, fructosamine, and glycated albumin in the detection of dysglycaemic conditions Curr Diabetes Rev 2016 12 1 14 19 26126638
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Austin GE Wheaton R Nanes MS Rubin J Mullins RE Usefulness of fructosamine for monitoring outpatients with diabetes Am J Med Sci 1999 318 5 316 323 10555094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weerasekera DS Peiris H The value of serum fructosamine in comparison with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a screening test for detection of gestational diabetes mellitus J Obstet Gynaecol 2000 20 2 136 138 15512500
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schleicher ED Olgemöller B Wiedenmann E Gerbitz KD Specific glycation of albumin depends on its half-life Clin Chem 1993 39 4 625 628 8472356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvin E Francis LM Ballantyne CM Nontraditional markers of glycemia: associations with microvascular conditions Diabetes Care 2011 34 4 960 967 21335368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Segade S Rodríguez J Camiña F Corrected Fructosamine improves both correlation with HbA1C and diagnostic performance Clin Biochem 2017 50 3 110 115 27777100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan CL Pyle L Kelsey M Newnes L Zeitler PS Nadeau KJ Screening for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in obese youth: evaluating alternate markers of glycemia – 1,5-anhydroglucitol, fructosamine, and glycated albumin Pediatr Diabetes 2016 17 3 206 211 25652226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkan UY Gunes G Corakci A Rational diagnoses of diabetes: the comparison of 1,5-anhydroglucitol with other glycemic markers Springerplus 2015 4 587 26543722
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sumner AE Duong MT Aldana PC A1C combined with glycated albumin improves detection of prediabetes in Africans: the Africans in America Study Diabetes Care 2016 39 2 271 277 26681716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danese E Montagnana M Nouvenne A Lippi G Advantages and pitfalls of fructosamine and glycated albumin in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes J Diabetes Sci Technol 2015 9 2 169 176 25591856
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Selvin E Rawlings AM Grams M Prognostic utility of fructosamine and glycated albumin for incident diabetes and microvascular complications Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014 2 4 279 288 24703046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu WC Ma WY Wei JN Serum glycated albumin to guide the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus PLoS One 2016 11 1 e0146780 26765575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furusyo N Koga T Ai M Utility of glycated albumin for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in a Japanese population study: results from the Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS) Diabetologia 2011 54 12 3028 3036 21947435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvin E Rawlings AM Lutsey PL Fructosamine and glycated albumin and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and death Circulation 2015 132 4 269 277 26022911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shima K Abe F Chikakiyo H Ito N The relative value of glycated albumin, hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine when screening for diabetes mellitus Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1989 7 4 243 250 2612342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada T Nakao T Matsumoto H Yamanaka T Nagaoka Y Tamekuni T Influence of age and nutritional status on glycated albumin values in hemodialysis patients Intern Med 2009 48 17 1495 1499 19721292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulló M García-Lorda P Megias I Salas-Salvadó J Systemic inflammation, adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor, and leptin expression Obesity Res 2003 11 4 525 531
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koga M Hirata T Kasayama S Ishizaka Y Yamakado M Body mass index negatively regulates glycated albumin through insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Clin Chim Acta 2015 438 19 23 25102071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma XJ Pan JM Bao YQ Combined assessment of glycated albumin and fasting plasma glucose improves the detection of diabetes in Chinese subjects Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010 37 10 974 979 20557319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse JB Freeman JL Edelman SV Jovanovic L McGill JB Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (GlycoMark): a short-term glycemic marker Diabetes Technol Ther 2003 5 3 355 363 12828817
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamanouchi T Akanuma Y Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG): new clinical marker for glycemic control Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1994 24 Suppl S261 S268 7859616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamanouchi T Akanuma H Nakamura T Akaoka I Akanuma Y Reduction of plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1-deoxyglucose) concentration in diabetic patients Diabetologia 1988 31 1 41 45 3350220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamanouchi T Minoda S Yabuuchi M Plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol as new clinical marker of glycemic control in NIDDM patients Diabetes 1989 38 6 723 729 2656341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y Yuan Y Zhang Y Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol level as a screening tool for diabetes mellitus in a community-based population at high risk of diabetes Acta Diabetol 2017 54 5 425 431 27896445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim WJ Park CY 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in diabetes mellitus Endocrine 2013 43 1 33 40 22847316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balis DA Tong C Meininger G Effect of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, on measurement of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol J Diabetes 2014 6 4 378 380 24330128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasslacher C Kulozik F Effect of renal function on serum concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in type 2 diabetic patients in chronic kidney disease stages I–III: a comparative study with HbA1c and glycated albumin J Diabetes 2016 8 5 712 719 26615054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabák AG Carstensen M Witte DR Adiponectin trajectories before type 2 diabetes diagnosis: Whitehall II study Diabetes Care 2012 35 12 2540 2547 22933430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Y Owei I Wan J Ebenibo S Dagogo-Jack S Adiponectin levels predict prediabetes risk: the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016 4 1 e000194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefan N Sun Q Fritsche A Impact of the adipokine adiponectin and the hepatokine fetuin-A on the development of type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort- and cross-sectional phenotyping studies PLoS One 2014 9 3 e92238 24643166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal D Dasgupta S Kundu R Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance Nat Med 2012 18 8 1279 1285 22842477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Q Jiménez MC Townsend MK Plasma levels of fetuin-A and risk of coronary heart disease in US women: the Nurses’ Health Study J Am Heart Assoc 2014 3 3 e000939 24963103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weikert C Stefan N Schulze MB Plasma fetuin-a levels and the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke Circulation 2008 118 24 2555 2562 19029462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aroner SA St-Jules DE Mukamal KJ Fetuin-A, glycemic status, and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis 2016 248 224 229 27038419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felig P Marliss E Cahill GFJr Plasma amino acid levels and insulin secretion in obesity N Engl J Med 1969 281 15 811 816 5809519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gall WE Beebe K Lawton KA RISC Study Group alpha-hydroxybutyrate is an early biomarker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a nondiabetic population PLoS One 2010 5 5 e10883 20526369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newgard CB An J Bain JR A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance Cell Metab 2009 9 4 311 326 19356713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffman KM Shah SH Stevens RD Relationships between circulating metabolic intermediates and insulin action in overweight to obese, inactive men and women Diabetes Care 2009 32 9 1678 1683 19502541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen T Ni Y Ma X Branched-chain and aromatic amino acid profiles and diabetes risk in Chinese populations Sci Rep 2016 6 20594 26846565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knebel B Strassburger K Szendroedi J German Diabetes Study Group Specific metabolic profiles and their relationship to insulin resistance in recent-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016 101 5 2130 2140 26829444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang TJ Ngo D Psychogios N 2-Aminoadipic acid is a biomarker for diabetes risk J Clin Invest 2013 123 10 4309 4317 24091325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang TJ Larson MG Vasan RS Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes Nat Med 2011 17 4 448 453 21423183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Khairy L Ueland PM Nygård O Refsum H Vollset SE Lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risk factors as determinants of total cysteine in plasma: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study Am J Clin Nutr 1999 70 6 1016 1024 10584046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang-Sattler R Yu Z Herder C Novel biomarkers for pre-diabetes identified by metabolomics Mol Syst Biol 2012 8 615 23010998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guasch-Ferré M Hruby A Toledo E Metabolomics in prediabetes and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis Diabetes Care 2016 39 5 833 846 27208380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekhar RV McKay SV Patel SG Glutathione synthesis is diminished in patients with uncontrolled diabetes and restored by dietary supplementation with cysteine and glycine Diabetes Care 2011 34 1 162 167 20929994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiehn O Garvey WT Newman JW Lok KH Hoppel CL Adams SH Plasma metabolomic profiles reflective of glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic obese African-American women PLoS One 2010 5 12 e15234 21170321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landaas S The formation of 2-hydroxybutyric acid in experimental animals Clin Chim Acta 1975 58 1 23 32 164303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosalki SB Wilkinson JH Reduction of alpha-ketobutyrate by human serum Nature 1960 188 1110 1111 13743238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord RS Bralley JA Clinical applications of urinary organic acids. Part I: Detoxification markers Altern Med Rev 2008 13 3 205 215 18950247
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cobb J Eckhart A Motsinger-Reif A Carr B Groop L Ferrannini E α-Hydroxybutyric acid is a selective metabolite biomarker of impaired glucose tolerance Diabetes Care 2016 39 6 988 995 27208342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham TJ Yao L Lucena A Product inhibition of secreted phospholipase A2 may explain lysophosphatidylcholines’ unexpected therapeutic properties J Inflamm (Lond) 2008 5 17 18945345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobb J Gall W Adam KP A novel fasting blood test for insulin resistance and prediabetes J Diabetes Sci Technol 2013 7 1 100 110 23439165
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dotevall A Johansson S Wilhelmsen L Rosengren A Increased levels of triglycerides, BMI and blood pressure and low physical activity increase the risk of diabetes in Swedish women. A prospective 18-year follow-up of the BEDA study Diabet Med 2004 21 6 615 622 15154949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding L Song A Dai M Serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations are inversely associated with T2D, prediabetes, and insulin resistance in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population J Lipid Res 2015 56 4 920 926 25649924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimodaira M Niwa T Nakajima K Kobayashi M Hanyu N Nakayama T Serum triglyceride levels correlated with the rate of change in insulin secretion over two years in prediabetic subjects Ann Nutr Metab 2014 64 1 38 43 24732283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filippatos TD Rizos EC Tsimihodimos V Gazi IF Tselepis AD Elisaf MS Small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses are increased with decreased activity of HDL-associated phospholipase A2 in subjects with prediabetes Lipids 2013 48 6 547 555 23546765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meikle PJ Wong G Barlow CK Plasma lipid profiling shows similar associations with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes PLoS One 2013 8 9 e74341 24086336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haus JM Kashyap SR Kasumov T Plasma ceramides are elevated in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and correlate with the severity of insulin resistance Diabetes 2009 58 2 337 343 19008343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summers SA Ceramides in insulin resistance and lipotoxicity Prog Lipid Res 2006 45 1 42 72 16445986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland WL Summers SA Sphingolipids, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease: new insights from in vivo manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism Endocr Rev 2008 29 4 381 402 18451260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang XC Paultre F Pearson TA Plasma sphingomyelin level as a risk factor for coronary artery disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000 20 12 2614 2618 11116061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aregbesola A Virtanen JK Voutilainen S Serum ferritin and glucose homeostasis: change in the association by glycaemic state Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015 31 5 507 514 25470760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharifi F Nasab NM Zadeh HJ Elevated serum ferritin concentrations in prediabetic subjects Diab Vasc Dis Res 2008 5 1 15 18 18398807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooksey RC Jones D Gabrielsen S Dietary iron restriction or iron chelation protects from diabetes and loss of beta-cell function in the obese (ob/ob lep−/−) mouse Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010 298 6 E1236 E1243 20354157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J Jones D Luo B Iron overload and diabetes risk: a shift from glucose to Fatty Acid oxidation and increased hepatic glucose production in a mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis Diabetes 2011 60 1 80 87 20876715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacharski LR Ornstein DL Woloshin S Schwartz LM Association of age, sex, and race with body iron stores in adults: analysis of NHANES III data Am Heart J 2000 140 1 98 104 10874269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobó J Schroeder V Jenny L Cervenak L Závodszky P Gál P Multiple roles of complement MASP-1 at the interface of innate immune response and coagulation Mol Immunol 2014 61 2 69 78 24935208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Toerne C Huth C de Las Heras Gala T MASP1, THBS1, GPLD1 and ApoA-IV are novel biomarkers associated with prediabetes: the KORA F4 study Diabetologia 2016 59 9 1882 1892 27344311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawler J The functions of thrombospondin-1 and-2 Curr Opin Cell Biol 2000 12 5 634 640 10978901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoener MC Brodbeck U Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D is an amphiphilic glycoprotein that in serum is associated with high-density lipoproteins Eur J Biochem 1992 206 3 747 757 1606959
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang F Kohan AB Lo CM Liu M Howles P Tso P Apolipoprotein A-IV: a protein intimately involved in metabolism J Lipid Res 2015 56 8 1403 1418 25640749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green PH Glickman RM Riley JW Quinet E Human apolipoprotein A-IV: Intestinal origin and distribution in plasma J Clin Invest 1980 65 4 911 919 6987270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton S Control of mitochondrial beta-oxidation flux Prog Lipid Res 2002 41 3 197 239 11814524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsay RR Gandour RD van der Leij FR Molecular enzymology of carnitine transfer and transport Biochim Biophys Acta 2001 1546 1 21 43 11257506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X Zhang C Chen L Han X Ji L Human serum acylcarnitine profiles in different glucose tolerance states Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014 104 3 376 382 24837145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mai M Tönjes A Kovacs P Stumvoll M Fiedler GM Leichtle AB Serum levels of acylcarnitines are altered in prediabetic conditions PLoS One 2013 8 12 e82459 24358186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams SH Hoppel CL Lok KH Plasma acylcarnitine profiles suggest incomplete long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation and altered tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in type 2 diabetic African-American women J Nutr 2009 139 6 1073 1081 19369366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Kafaji G Al-Mahroos G Alsayed NA Hasan ZA Nawaz S Bakhiet M Peripheral blood microRNA-15a is a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes Mol Med Rep 2015 12 5 7485 7490 26460159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Párrizas M Brugnara L Esteban Y Circulating miR-192 and miR-193b are markers of prediabetes and are modulated by an exercise intervention J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 100 3 E407 E415 25532038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z Chen H Si H Serum miR-23a, a potential biomarker for diagnosis of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes Acta Diabetol 2014 51 5 823 831 24981880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun L Xie H Mori MA Mir193b-365 is essential for brown fat differentiation Nat Cell Biol 2011 13 8 958 965 21743466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelber-Sagi S Lotan R Shibolet O Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independently predicts prediabetes during a 7-year prospective follow-up Liver Int 2013 33 9 1406 1412 23656177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong L Zhu J Han W Significance of serum microRNAs in pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a clinical study Acta Diabetol 2011 48 1 61 69 20857148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y Gao G Yang C The role of circulating microRNA-126 (miR-126): a novel biomarker for screening prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus Int J Mol Sci 2014 15 6 10567 10577 24927146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun LL Jiang BG Li WT Zou JJ Shi YQ Liu ZM MicroRNA-15a positively regulates insulin synthesis by inhibiting uncoupling protein-2 expression Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011 91 1 94 100 21146880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maschirow L Khalaf K Al-Aubaidy HA Jelinek HF Inflammation, coagulation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in prediabetes–Biomarkers as a possible tool for early disease detection for rural screening Clin Biochem 2015 48 9 581 585 25753569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora P Garcia-Bailo B Dastani Z Genetic polymorphisms of innate immunity-related inflammatory pathways and their association with factors related to type 2 diabetes BMC Med Genet 2011 12 95 21756351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donath MY Shoelson SE Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease Nat Rev Immunol 2011 11 2 98 107 21233852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt MI Duncan BB Sharrett AR Markers of inflammation and prediction of diabetes mellitus in adults (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study): a cohort study Lancet 1999 353 9165 1649 1652 10335783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan AD Manson JE Rifai N Buring JE Ridker PM C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus JAMA 2001 286 3 327 334 11466099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festa A Hanley AJ Tracy RP D’Agostino RJr Haffner SM Inflammation in the prediabetic state is related to increased insulin resistance rather than decreased insulin secretion Circulation 2003 108 15 1822 1830 14517163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Woudenbergh GJ Kuijsten A Sijbrands EJ Hofman A Witteman JC Feskens EJ Glycemic index and glycemic load and their association with C-reactive protein and incident type 2 diabetes J Nutr Metab 2011 2011 623076 21804937
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grossmann V Schmitt VH Zeller T Profile of the immune and inflammatory response in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 2015 38 7 1356 1364 25877811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehghan A Kardys I de Maat MP Genetic variation, C-reactive protein levels, and incidence of diabetes Diabetes 2007 56 3 872 878 17327459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z Shen XH Feng WM Ye GF Qiu W Li B Analysis of inflammatory mediators in prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients J Diabetes Res 2016 2016 7965317 27478850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X Bao W Liu J Inflammatory markers and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis Diabetes Care 2013 36 1 166 175 23264288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin T Abbasi F Lamendola C Differentiation between obesity and insulin resistance in the association with C-reactive protein Circulation 2002 106 23 2908 2912 12460870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madjid M Awan I Willerson JT Casscells SW Leukocyte count and coronary heart disease: implications for risk assessment J Am Coll Cardiol 2004 44 10 1945 1956 15542275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vozarova B Weyer C Lindsay RS Pratley RE Bogardus C Tataranni PA High white blood cell count is associated with a worsening of insulin sensitivity and predicts the development of type 2 diabetes Diabetes 2002 51 2 455 461 11812755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertoglu C Gunay M Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte ratio as useful predictive markers of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus Diabetes Metab Syndr Epub 2016 12 12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang RT Zhang JR Li Y Liu T Yu KJ Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio is associated with arterial stiffness in diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes J Diabetes Complications 2015 29 2 245 249 25483847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdoia M Schaffer A Barbieri L Novara Atherosclerosis Study Group (NAS) Impact of diabetes on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and its relationship to coronary artery disease Diabetes Metab 2015 41 4 304 311 25656745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirtas L Degirmenci H Akbas EM Association of hematological indicies with diabetes, impaired glucose regulation and micro-vascular complications of diabetes Int J Clin Exp Med 2015 8 7 11420 11427 26379958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardini G Dicembrini I Cresci B Rotella CM Inflammation markers and metabolic characteristics of subjects with 1-h plasma glucose levels Diabetes Care 2010 33 2 411 413 19918010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorentino TV Hribal ML Perticone M Unfavorable inflammatory profile in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes identified by hemoglobin A1c levels according to the American Diabetes Association criteria Acta Diabetol 2015 52 2 349 356 25246028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festa A D’Agostino RJr Tracy RP Haffner SM Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study Elevated levels of acute-phase proteins and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 predict the development of type 2 diabetes: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study Diabetes 2002 51 4 1131 1137 11916936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festa A D’Agostino RJr Mykkänen L Relative contribution of insulin and its precursors to fibrinogen and PAI-1 in a large population with different states of glucose tolerance. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999 19 3 562 568 10073958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorand B Kolb H Baumert J Elevated levels of interleukin-18 predict the development of type 2 diabetes: results from the MON-ICA/KORA Augsburg Study, 1984–2002 Diabetes 2005 54 10 2932 2938 16186395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donath MY Inflammation as a sensor of metabolic stress in obesity and type 2 diabetes Endocrinology 2011 152 11 4005 4006 22021196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstensen M Herder C Kivimäki M Accelerated increase in serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist starts 6 years before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: Whitehall II prospective cohort study Diabetes 2010 59 5 1222 1227 20185814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman M Jagannathan R Buysschaert M Reducing the prevalence of dysglycemia: is the time ripe to test the effectiveness of intervention in high-risk individuals with elevated 1 h post-load glucose levels? Endocrine 2017 55 3 697 701 28124259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman M The Early Diabetes Intervention Program--is early actually late? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014 30 8 654 658 25400067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bueno AC Sun K Martins CS A novel ADIPOQ mutation (p.M40K) impairs assembly of high-molecular-weight adiponectin and is associated with early-onset obesity and metabolic syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014 99 4 E683 E693 24432991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aekplakorn W Tantayotai V Numsangkul S Detecting Pre-diabetes and Diabetes: Agreement between Fasting Plasma Glucose and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Thai Adults J Diabetes Res 2015 2015 396505 26347060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gall WE Beebe K Lawton KA alpha-hydroxybutyrate is an early biomarker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a nondiabetic population PLoS One 2010 5 5 e10883 20526369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki T Imai J Yamada T Interleukin-6 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells: potential involvement of the PLC-IP3-dependent pathway Diabetes 2011 60 2 537 547 21270264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH Bachmann RA Chen J Interleukin-6 and insulin resistance Vitam Horm 2009 80 613 633 19251052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar