Quantifying the effects of spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid and glucose concentrations, body weight, and blood pressure

References

• Smith SC Collins A Ferrari R Our time: a call to save preventable death from cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke) Circulation 2012 126 23 2769 2775 22988010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf S Hawken S Ounpuu S Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study Lancet 2004 364 9438 937 952 15364185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banach M Aronow WS Hypertension therapy in the older adults-do we know the answers to all the questions? The status after publication of the ACCF/AHA 2011 expert consensus document on hypertension in the elderly J Hum Hypertens 2012 26 11 641 643 22513754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Writing Group Members Lloyd-Jones D Adams RJ Heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association Circulation 2010 121 7 e46 e215 20019324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mozaffarian D Benjamin EJ Go AS Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association Circulation 2015 131 4 e29 322 25520374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewington S Clarke R Qizilbash N Peto R Collins R Prospective Studies Collaboration Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies Lancet 2002 360 9349 1903 1913 12493255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM Cleeman JI Daniels SR Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement Curr Opin Cardiol 2006 21 1 1 6 16355022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang H Chen G Liao D Zhu Y Xue X Effects of berries consumption on cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials Sci Rep 2016 6 23625 27006201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang H Zou Y Chi H Liao D Lipid-modifying effects of chitosan supplementation in humans: a pooled analysis with trial sequential analysis Mol Nutr Food Res 2018 62 8 e1700842 1700842 29451712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang H Chen G Liao D Zhu Y Pu R Xue X The effects of resveratrol intervention on risk markers of cardiovascular health in overweight and obese subjects: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials Obes Rev 2016 17 12 1329 1340 27456934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepien M Kujawska-Luczak M Szulinska M Beneficial dose-independent influence of Camellia sinensis supplementation on lipid profile, glycemia, and insulin resistance in an NaCl-induced hypertensive rat model J Physiol Pharmacol 2018 69 2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szulińska M Stępień M Kręgielska-Narożna M Effects of green tea supplementation on inflammation markers, antioxidant status and blood pressure in NaCl-induced hypertensive rat model Food Nutr Res 2017 61 1 1295525 28326006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazokopakis EE Karefilakis CM Tsartsalis AN Milkas AN Ganotakis ES Acute rhabdomyolysis caused by Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Phytomedicine 2008 15 6–7 525 527 18434120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan Z Bhadouria P Bisen PS Nutritional and therapeutic potential of Spirulina Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2005 6 5 373 379 16248810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng R Chow TJ Hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activities of microalgae Spirulina Cardiovasc Ther 2010 28 4 e33 e45 20633020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Galero E Pérez-Pastén R Perez-Juarez A Fabila-Castillo L Gutiérrez-Salmeán G Chamorro G Preclinical antitoxic properties of Spirulina (Arthrospira) Pharm Biol 2016 54 8 1345 1353 26439611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez-Salmeán G Fabila-Castillo L Chamorro-Cevallos G Nutritional and toxicological aspects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) Nutr Hosp 2015 32 1 34 40 26262693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karkos PD Leong SC Karkos CD Sivaji N Assimakopoulos DA Spirulina in clinical practice: evidence-based human applications Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011 2011 1 4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anitha L Chandralekha K Effect of supplementation of spirulina on blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile of male non-insulin dependent diabetics Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2010 1 1 36 46
   Google Scholar
• Park HJ Lee YJ Ryu HK Kim MH Chung HW Kim WY A random-ized double-blind, placebo-controlled study to establish the effects of spirulina in elderly Koreans Ann Nutr Metab 2008 52 4 322 328 18714150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramamoorthy A Premakumari S Effect of supplementation of Spirulina on hypercholesterolemic patients J Food Sci Technol 1996 33 2 124 128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuels R Mani UV Iyer UM Nayak US Hypocholesterolemic effect of spirulina in patients with hyperlipidemic nephrotic syndrome J Med Food 2002 5 2 91 96 12487756
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Szulinska M Gibas-Dorna M Miller-Kasprzak E Spirulina maxima improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and total antioxidant status in obese patients with well-treated hypertension: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017 21 10 2473 2481 28617537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberati A Altman DG Tetzlaff J The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration Ann Intern Med 2009 151 4 W 94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JP Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011) Available from: http://handbook.cochrane.org/ Accessed October 25, 2018
   Google Scholar
• Higgins JP Thompson SG Deeks JJ Altman DG Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses BMJ 2003 327 7414 557 560 12958120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egger M Davey Smith G Schneider M Minder C Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test BMJ 1997 315 7109 629 634 9310563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen GS Drapeau C Lenninger M Benson KF Clinical safety of a high dose of phycocyanin-enriched aqueous extract from Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a focus on anticoagulant activity and platelet activation J Med Food 2016 19 7 645 653 27362442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee EH Park JE Choi YJ Huh KB Kim WY A randomized study to establish the effects of spirulina in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Nutr Res Pract 2008 2 4 295 300 20016733
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marcel AK Ekali LG Eugene S The effect of Spirulina platensis versus soybean on insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients: a randomized pilot study Nutrients 2011 3 7 712 724 22254118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miczke A Szulińska M Hansdorfer-Korzon R Effects of spirulina consumption on body weight, blood pressure, and endothelial function in overweight hypertensive Caucasians: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016 20 1 150 156 26813468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngo-Matip ME Pieme CA Azabji-Kenfack M Effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on lipid profile in HIV-infected antiretroviral naïve patients in Yaounde-Cameroon: a randomized trial study Lipids Health Dis 2014 13 191 25496727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parikh P Mani U Iyer U Role of spirulina in the control of glycemia and lipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus J Med Food 2001 4 4 193 199 12639401
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeinalian R Farhangi MA Shariat A Saghafi-Asl M The effects of Spirulina Platensis on anthropometric indices, appetite, lipid profile and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in obese individuals: a randomized double blinded placebo controlled trial BMC Complement Altern Med 2017 17 1 225 28431534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serban MC Sahebkar A Dragan S A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations Clin Nutr 2016 35 4 842 851 26433766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srikanth S Deedwania P Management of dyslipidemia in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome Curr Hypertens Rep 2016 18 10 76 27730495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barter PJ Rye KA New era of lipid-lowering drugs Pharmacol Rev 2016 68 2 458 475 26983688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baigent C Keech A Kearney PM Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins Lancet 2005 366 9493 1267 1278 16214597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kata FS Athbi AM Manwar EQ Al-Ashoor A Abdel-Daim MM Aleya L Therapeutic effect of the alkaloid extract of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic male rabbits Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018 19635 19642
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell C Sheth S Jacoby D A clinical guide to combination lipid-lowering therapy Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018 20 4 19 29516190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaoka S Shimizu K Kaneko H A novel protein C-phycocyanin plays a crucial role in the hypocholesterolemic action of Spirulina platensis concentrate in rats J Nutr 2005 135 10 2425 2430 16177207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulshreshtha A Zacharia AJ Jarouliya U Bhadauriya P Prasad GB Bisen PS Spirulina in health care management Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2008 9 5 400 405 18855693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upasani CD Balaraman R Protective effect of Spirulina on lead induced deleterious changes in the lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidants in rats Phytother Res 2003 17 4 330 334 12722134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han LK Li DX Xiang L Isolation of pancreatic lipase activity-inhibitory component of spirulina platensis and it reduce postprandial triacylglycerolemia Yakugaku Zasshi 2006 126 1 43 49 16394649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ku CS Yang Y Park Y Lee J Health benefits of blue-green algae: prevention of cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Med Food 2013 16 2 103 111 23402636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strasky Z Zemankova L Nemeckova I Spirulina platensis and phycocyanobilin activate atheroprotective heme oxygenase-1: a possible implication for atherogenesis Food Funct 2013 4 11 1586 1594 24056745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retnakaran R Cull CA Thorne KI Adler AI Holman RR UKPDS Study Group Risk factors for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 74 Diabetes 2006 55 6 1832 1839 16731850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenger NK Prevention of cardiovascular disease: highlights for the clinician of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines Clin Cardiol 2014 37 4 239 251 24633723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar