Association of salivary C-reactive protein with the obesity measures and markers in children

References

• Fryar CD , Carroll MD , Ogden CL . Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents: United States, 1963–1965 through 2011–2012. Health E-Stats. 2017 Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_child_11_12/obesity_child_11_12.htm. Accessed April 05, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Hales CM , Carroll MD , Fryar CD , et al. Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults and Youth: United States, 2015–2016. NCHS Data Brief. 2017 Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db288.htm. Accessed April 05, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Obesity Prevalence USA: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 2016 Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/prevalence-maps.html. Accessed April 05, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Christodoulides N , Mohanty S , Miller CS , et al. Application of microchip assay system for the measurement of C-reactive protein in human saliva. Lab Chip. 2005;5:261–269. doi:10.1039/b414194f 15726202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malamud D . Saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Dent Clin North Am. 2011;55:159–178. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2010.08.004 21094724
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lac G . Saliva assays in clinical and research biology. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2001;49:660–667.11692755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attlee A , Hasan H , AlQattan A , et al. Relationship of salivary adipocytokines, diet quality, physical activity, and nutrition status in adult Emirati females in United Arab Emirates. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13:40–46. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.006 30641732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janem WF , Scannapieco FA , Sabharwal A , et al. Salivary inflammatory markers and microbiome in normoglycemic lean and obese children compared to obese children with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0172647. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172647 28253297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirsean C , Negut C , Stefan-van Staden RI , et al. The salivary levels of leptin and interleukin-6 as potential inflammatory markers in children obesity. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0210288. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210288 30605486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao H . Adipocytokines in obesity and metabolic disease. J Endocrinol. 2014;220:T47–59. doi:10.1530/JOE-13-0339 24403378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon S . Alternative activation of macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:23–35. doi:10.1038/nri978 12511873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumeng CN , Bodzin JL , Saltiel AR . Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:175–184. doi:10.1172/JCI29881 17200717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curat CA , Wegner V , Sengenes C , et al. Macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue: increased accumulation in obesity and a source of resistin and visfatin. Diabetologia. 2006;49:744–747. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0173-z 16496121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett MS , Devaney JM , Adenika RJ , Lindsay R , Howard BV . Cross-sectional associations of resistin, coronary heart disease, and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:64–68. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1653 16249281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen BH , Song Y , Ding EL , et al. Circulating levels of resistin and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women: results from two prospective cohorts. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:329–334. doi:10.2337/dc08-1625 18957529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidemann C , Sun Q , van Dam RM , et al. Total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin and resistin in relation to the risk for type 2 diabetes in women. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:307–316.18765700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly MP , Lehrke M , Wolfe ML , Rohatgi A , Lazar MA , Rader DJ . Resistin is an inflammatory marker of atherosclerosis in humans. Circulation. 2005;111:932–939. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000155620.10387.43 15710760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Gregorio GB , Yao-Borengasser A , Rasouli N , et al. Expression of CD68 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 genes in human adipose and muscle tissues: association with cytokine expression, insulin resistance, and reduction by pioglitazone. Diabetes. 2005;54:2305–2313. doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2305 16046295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartipy P , Loskutoff DJ . Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in obesity and insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:7265–7270. doi:10.1073/pnas.1133870100 12756299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flier JS , Cook KS , Usher P , Spiegelman BM . Severely impaired adipsin expression in genetic and acquired obesity. Science. 1987;237:405–408.3299706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowell BB , Napolitano A , Usher P , et al. Reduced adipsin expression in murine obesity: effect of age and treatment with the sympathomimetic-thermogenic drug mixture ephedrine and caffeine. Endocrinology. 1990;126:1514–1520. doi:10.1210/endo-126-3-1514 2307116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen BS , Cook KS , Yaglom J , et al. Adipsin and complement factor D activity: an immune-related defect in obesity. Science. 1989;244:1483–1487.2734615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortmann Stephen P , Ford E , Criqui Michael H , et al. CDC/AHA workshop on markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2004;110:e554–e559.15611381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubacek JA , Peasey A , Pikhart H , et al. APOE polymorphism and its effect on plasma C-reactive protein levels in a large general population sample. Hum Immunol. 2010;71:304–308. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2010.01.008 20074603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur N , Pedersen BK . Exercise as a mean to control low-grade systemic inflammation. Mediators Inflamm. 2008;2008:109502. doi:10.1155/2008/109502 19148295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrett AL , Valentine RJ , Arngrimsson SA , Castelli DM , Evans EM . Adiposity, activity, fitness, and C-reactive protein in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:1981–1986. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e0355e 20386340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegrist M , Hanssen H , Lammel C , Haller B , Halle M . A cluster randomised school-based lifestyle intervention programme for the prevention of childhood obesity and related early cardiovascular disease (JuvenTUM 3). BMC Public Health. 2011;11:258. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-258 21513530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICHD. NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Overview of Health and Physical Development Assessment (HPDA) Visit, Operations Manual–Phase IV, Chapter 85.1. Research Triangle Park (NC): RTI International; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Kuczmarski RJ , Ogden CL , Guo SS , et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat. 2002;11:1–190.
   Google Scholar
• Butte NF , Garza C , de Onis M . Evaluation of the feasibility of international growth standards for school-aged children and adolescents. J Nutr. 2007;137:153–157. doi:10.1093/jn/137.1.153 17182818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma AK , Metzger DL , Daymont C , Hadjiyannakis S , Rodd CJ . LMS tables for waist-circumference and waist-height ratio Z-scores in children aged 5-19 y in NHANES III: association with cardio-metabolic risks. Pediatr Res. 2015;78:723–729. doi:10.1038/pr.2015.160 26331767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodson JM , Kantarci A , Hartman ML , et al. Metabolic disease risk in children by salivary biomarker analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9:e98799. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098799 24915044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browner WS , Newman TB , Hulley SB . Estimating sample size and power: applications and examples In: Stephen BH , Steven RC , Warren SB , Deborah G , Thomas BN , editors. Designing Clinical Research. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER; 2013:55–83.
   Google Scholar
• Ray P , Le Manach Y , Riou B , Houle TT . Statistical evaluation of a biomarker. Anesthesiology. 2010;112:1023–1040. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181d47604 20234303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dedoussis GVZ , Kapiri A , Samara A , et al. Expression of inflammatory molecules and associations with BMI in children. Eur J Clin Invest. 2010;40:388–392. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02277.x 20345379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siervo M , Ruggiero D , Sorice R , et al. Body mass index is directly associated with biomarkers of angiogenesis and inflammation in children and adolescents. Nutrition. 2012;28:262–266. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2011.06.007 22113066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazidi M , Karimi E , Rezaie P , Ferns GA . Treatment with GLP1 receptor agonists reduce serum CRP concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Complications. 2017;31:1237–1242. doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.05.022 28479155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devaraj S , Singh U , Jialal I . Human C-reactive protein and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2009;20:182–189. doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32832ac03e 19369869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaki ME , El-Bassyouni HT , El-Gammal M , Kamal S . Indicators of the metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents. Arch Med Sci. 2015;11:92–98. doi:10.5114/aoms.2015.49214 25861294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazidi M , Rezaie P , Ferns GA , Vatanparast H . Impact of probiotic administration on serum C-reactive protein concentrations: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Nutrients. 2017;9:20. doi:10.3390/nu9010020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu GL , Fu XH , Jiang LH , Ma X-C , Yang J-Y . [Serum resistin concentration and insulin resistance in obese children]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2006;44:114–117.16624027
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norata GD , Ongari M , Garlaschelli K , Raselli S , Grigore L , Catapano AL . Plasma resistin levels correlate with determinants of the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;156:279–284. doi:10.1530/eje.1.02338 17287419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osawa H , Ochi M , Tabara Y , et al. Serum resistin is positively correlated with the accumulation of metabolic syndrome factors in type 2 diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008;69:74–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03154.x 18081734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh AK , Tiwari S , Gupta A , Natu SM , Mittal B , Pant AB . Association of resistin with metabolic syndrome in Indian subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2012;10:286–291. doi:10.1089/met.2011.0128 22506726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiansen T , Richelsen B , Bruun JM . Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29:146–150. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802839 15520826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu CP , Sheu WH , Lee IT , et al. Weight loss reduces serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations in association with improvements in renal injury in obese men with metabolic syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2015;53:623–629. doi:10.1515/cclm-2014-0468 25301674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadi M , Gozashti MH , Aghadavood M , et al. Clinical significance of Serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2017;6:74–79.29090232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon YS , Kim DH , Song DK . Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and components of the metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents. Metabolism. 2004;53:863–867.15254878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarbijani HM , Khoshnia M , Marjani A . The association between Metabolic Syndrome and serum levels of lipid peroxidation and interleukin-6 in Gorgan. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2016;10:S86–89. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2015.09.024 26482051
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chang JS , Bai CH , Huang ZC , et al. Interleukin 10 and clustering of metabolic syndrome components in pediatrics. Eur J Clin Invest. 2014;44:384–394. doi:10.1111/eci.12247 24467774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar